| 释义 |
preparativen.adj.adv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preparatif; Latin praeparativus, praeparativum. Etymology: < Middle French preparatif (French préparatif ) (adjective) preparatory (late 14th cent.), (noun) preparatory measure, preliminary (although this is apparently first attested slightly later: 1404; now usually in plural) and its etymon post-classical Latin praeparativus (adjective) preparatory (13th cent. or earlier), praeparativum (neuter noun) thing that prepares the way for something else (perhaps 12th cent.: examples may represent adjective or noun), medicinal preparation (1620 in a British source) < classical Latin praeparāt- , past participial stem of praeparāre prepare v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Catalan preparatiu , adjective (a1362), Spanish preparativo (end of the 13th cent. as adjective, beginning of the 15th cent. as noun), Portuguese preparativo (a1635 as adjective), Italian preparativo (14th cent. as adjective, a1566 as noun). With the noun compare earlier preparation n. With the adjective compare earlier preparatory adj. With the adverb compare earlier preparatively adv. and later preparatory adv.With the adjective compare the following earlier occurrence in a medical context:c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 156v But medicyns þat ben preperatif and more hoot and more sutil [Fr. plus chaudes, penetratives, subtiliatives; L. magis calida, penetrativa, subtiliativa] schal be putt in drie bodies. It is unclear whether preperatif here represents a misreading of the French or Latin adjectives, or a transmission error, or an emendation by the English translator. Compare penetrative adj. 1a, which occurs in the same text (compare quot. c1475 at penetrative adj. 1a). A. n. 1. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > [noun] > preparatory medicines a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 183 (MED) Whanne þou wolt purge colre, first þou muste make a preparatijf [L. preparatio] tofore with oxisacra. ?a1534 H. Medwall ii. sig. hiiii Lo thys be preparatyfys most souerayn Agaynst thy sores. a1591 H. Smith (1611) 82 Preparatiues are ministred alwaies before physicke. a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) ii. 179 He that takes the preparative but refuses the medicine. 1699 B. Allen 85 The Purging Waters are the best Preparative, washing more universally, and leaving the Body in the Temper that is most fit. 1744 G. Berkeley (ESTC T72826) §2 Cold infusion of tar hath been used..as a preservative or preparative against the smallpox. 1785 W. Withering 190 It [sc. squill] is one of the best preparatives to the adoption of the Digitalis. 1831 15 Jan. 533/1 A little..phlebotomising will prove a salutary preparative to the worthy inmates. 1960 F. P. Wilson ii. 29 In medicine he dissociates himself equally from the Paracelsians who upheld chemical preparatives and from the Galenists who upheld vegetable preparatives. the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > a) preparation(s) the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > a) preparation(s) > a preliminary action or step a1450 (c1400–25) H. Legat Serm. Passion in D. M. Grisdale (1939) 19 (MED) Here þe maist se þat confessiun is a gret preparatif to for-ȝiuenes of þi sinnes. 1553 Primer in (1844) 377 In thy faithful prayers remember Thomas Cottesforde the preparer of this preparative. c1580 tr. Bugbears iii. ii, in (1897) 99 The grene sicknes, a preparatyve to the dropsie. 1624 J. Smith 193 Those are but as daies of hearing, and as preparatiues against their Courts. 1686 Bp. G. Burnet iii. 150 The first step without any preamble or preparative is downright beastliness. 1707 J. Freind 183 The preparatives against France are so terrible in Italy. 1731 J. Wesley 12 Aug. (1931) I. 102 As a preparative for this, He sends this pair..to cleanse her from all remaining sinful affections. 1819 W. Irving i. 11 To an American visiting Europe, the long voyage he has to make is an excellent preparative. 1865 T. Carlyle VI. xx. x. 247 Levying the severe contributions; speeding, all he can, the manifold preparatives. 1924 25 Aug. 16/1 Hot meals, sorely needed by drenched men as a preparative for the heavy work ahead in the pitch darkness. 1968 J. A. W. Bennett ii. 86 If at this point we recall the tone of the Proem and Invocation we realize that it was part of a deliberate yet subtle preparative for this world of humanized natural phenomena. 1991 Spring 112/1 Private schools..have become places where parents send children as a preparative for worldly success. the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > that which incites or instigates c1450 (1905) II. 440 Hym had lyffer be deformyd..þan daylie be a preparatyfe to oþer folk luste. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. BBiii These examples or preparatyues to vertues, put before. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] 1460–80 Stans Puer (Pepys) in (1982) Feb. 9 Catte, hounde or oþer þat ben of vnclennes, Handell not with honde when ye ben at þe tabyll, Lest men call it þe preparatyf of a babyll. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in (1934) ii. 453 (MED) Nyht riotours..wil no wareyn spare..Tyl sodeyn perel brynge hem in þe snare, A ppreperatyf that they shal neuer the. 1588 J. Harvey 130 Some apparant significations, or preparatives, of a Tragedy insuing. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > a precedent 1515 in W. Fraser (1885) IV. 69 So that syk doyng..be na preparatyve to otheris in tyme to cum. 1571–2 in J. H. Burton (1878) 1st Ser. II. 115 This salbe na preparative to uther the lyke thingis heiraftir. c1650 J. Row & J. Row (1842) 237 Bidding them take heed that they made not a preparative of poore Andro Melvill. 1701 in J. D. Marwick (1880) IV. 317 This not to be a leading caice or preparative in tyme comeing. 1716 in R. Renwick (1909) V. 599 What shall be allowed to them can be no preparative for doing so to others. society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > [noun] > signal on instrument > specific signals 1635 W. Barriffe lxx. 184 The Drums beat a preparative. 1650 R. Elton (1668) iii. xxiii The several beats of the Drum; as first, of a Call; second, a Troop;..a March;..a Preparative;..a Battle or Charge;..a Retreat. 1688 R. Holme (1905) iii. xix. 153/2 The drumer is to beat all maner of beats, as a Call,..a Preparative, a Battalia. 1847 (1854) 40 At the close of the preparative, the first file will begin. 1874 F. G. D. Bedford vii. 223 When the preparative is made with this signal, the bow men are to lay their oars in. 2005 www.blews-ltb.co.uk 2 Dec. (O.E.D. Archive) The order takes two parts—a preparative telling you what to do and the command telling you to do it. B. adj. 1. the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] 1530 J. Palsgrave 321/1 Preparatyfe, preparatif. 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne (title page) A Preparatiue Treatise to the Apologie for Herodotvs. 1650 Sir T. Browne (ed. 2) v. vi. 206 After he had washed the Disciples feet, and performed the preparative civilities of suppers. 1726 16 I don't suppose the Beginnings of your Conversion to be sudden, but a long preparative Work, tho' you han't observed it, to go before it. 1806 15 355 A subsequent statute is so particular as to prescribe the preparative qualification of the physician. 1872 H. Bushnell 58 Having a certain relationship and preparative concern. 1921 20 Feb. ii. 6/3 Despite all this preparative work,..the would-be author is not yet fitted to put his pen to paper. 1976 S. Hynes x. 341 In such a time..the imaginations of writer would turn away from the immediate present... To do so would not be escapist, but merely preparative. 1999 (Nexis) 12 Sept. Because the period of preparative work takes the lion's share of time, this sense of unease can quickly descend into one of doom and despondency. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > [adjective] > preparatory 1639 J. Woodall Treat. Gangrena in (rev. ed.) 385 It were also fitting that there were prescribed..some preparative medicaments. 1747 tr. J. Astruc 323 The preparative remedies of both are the same. 1796 R. White (ed. 2) 351 It is sometimes thought necessary to give..from three to ten grains of Dr. Dimsdale's preparative powder the night before the purge. 1979 66 484 The preparative chemotherapeutic regimen was similar to that used for the previous [bone marrow] autograft. 2000 T. Lawrance & S. Kirk in H. Langton & A. Casey viii. 212 The specific preparative protocol for conditioning treatment depends on the underlying disease. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [adjective] > optative or desiderative 1552 R. Huloet sig. Aaj All verbes endynge in Turio, as Amaturio..and suche other, be as verbes preparatyues, hauynge desyre and entente to do that theyr..significations meane. the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > used in or for preparing 1745 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. in (1845) XLVIII. App. ii. 122 Furnaces and preparative pans for boiling sea-water. 1785 II. 376 [In the Assembly Rooms] to the Right and Left Hand are Preparative Rooms. 1899 21 94 The third laboratory..is devoted especially to analytical chemistry, and four preparative rooms for the experimental lectures. 1929 E. Waldschmidt-Leitz i. 5 The collected observations made in preparative purification with respect to the stability of the enzymes. 1957 R. H. Thompson ii. 29 Arylation with benzoyl peroxide is of no preparative value. 1995 Sept. 484/3 A chapter on preparative separation methods. C. adv.the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adverb] 1632 J. Tatham Prol. Our wit's the meat, Preparative to which we bid you eat. a1722 E. Lisle (1757) 299 Strike fresh sap-roots, or buds preparative to the ensuing spring, and which will the next year be the spring-roots. 1771 O. Goldsmith III. 120 Such notes as she had taken preparative to her trial. 1805 43 628 The wheat began to change colour, or get into what is called the red shank preparative to ripening. 1851 H. Ellison 6 'Mid the leafless forest branches play Great Nature's requiem, or measures gay, Preparative to her great festival, Among the budding leaves, and pastoral. 1883 9 Aug. 2/5 The majority are at present acting..in..other subordinate capacities preparative to their becoming foreman of the yard. 1978 1978 181/2 These..changes may reflect a change in gene expression for vitamin A dehydrogenase(s) preparative to a change in environment. Compounds 1711 in T. W. Marsh (1886) i. 9 A Preparitive Meeting Recommended by a former meeting for preserving the Reputation of our proffession blameles is Practised at Reigate. 1831 300 Not a school..that is under the care of a committee of either monthly or preparative meeting. 1904 13 Jan. 7/5 He bequeathed..£500 each to the Belfast Preparative Meeting of Friends and the Samaritan Hospital at Belfast. 1999 23 July 15/1 Much of the afternoon session was devoted to the constitutional review, including..strengthening links with the Monthly Meetings which have Preparative Meetings and members in both Wales and neighbouring English counties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.adv.a1400 |
