prefrontaln.adj.

1851 C. Girard Contrib. Nat. Hist. Fresh Water Fishes N. Amer. in Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. (1852) 3 iii. ii. 14 An anterior region composed of the vomer, nasal, ethmoid, prefrontals and part of the sphenoid constituting an arcade over the eyes.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 57 The prefrontals, also small, occupy the anterior margin of the orbit.

1910 Science 16 Sept. 383/1 The head was greenish blue above with a median reddish orange stripe on the edges of the internasals and prefrontals.

1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. iii. 65 The parethmoids are covered by the prefrontals dorsolaterally.

1995 Palaeontology 38 471 The prefrontal forms a thick, raised ridge at the anterodorsal margin of the orbit.

1851 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 686 In the palatine bone a thin film of cartilage..appears externally between the two condyles which respectively articulate with the maxillary and prefrontal bones.

1908 Science 16 Oct. 519/1 It would be interesting to learn how the lateral ethmoids could migrate from the prefrontal region and come to lie on the midline in front of the nostrils.

1993 Herpetologica 49 66 The study of skeleton formation in Chamaeleo hoehnelii, as compared to Bradypodion pumilum, shows that the separation of a prefrontal fontanelle from the external naris, [etc.].., are all features developing late during ontogeny.

1878 Brain 1 133 The pre-frontal region.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 738 That part of the brain which is probably most intimately associated with psychical processes—the præfrontal area.

1987 J. Franklin Molecules of Mind (1988) v. 64 Animals and humans who had become aggressive following brain damage or tumors often lost that aggressiveness when they subsequently experienced injury to the prefrontal lobes.

2005 Time 17 Jan. a14/2 Dopamine mediates the transfer of signals associated with positive emotions between the left prefrontal area and the emotional centers in the limbic area of the brain.

1937 E. Moniz in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 93 1379 (heading) Prefrontal leucotomy in the treatment of mental disorders.

1995 Movement Disorders 10 345 A 69-year-old man with severe Tourette's syndrome..underwent a bilateral prefrontal leucotomy at the age of 29 years to alleviate coprolalia, copropraxia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

1936 W. Freeman & J. W. Watts in Med. Ann. District of Columbia 5 326 (heading) Prefrontal lobotomy in agitated depression.

1978 J. Irving World according to Garp i. 17 As for the rest of Garp's brain, he had received some cuts and slashes a lot like a prefrontal lobotomy.

1987 J. Franklin Molecules of Mind (1988) v. 64 The most drastic treatment in modern psychotherapy, the prefrontal lobotomy.