pressuren.¹

Brit.

/ˈprɛʃə/, U.S.

/ˈprɛʃər/

Forms: Middle English pressour, Middle English pressur, Middle English– pressure, 1500s–1600s presure; Scottish pre-1700 pressor, pre-1700 pressore, pre-1700 pressour, 1700s– pressure.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pressure; Latin pressūra.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pressure oppression, tribulation (early 13th cent. in Old French), constraint (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), extreme suffering, torture (14th cent.; earlier in sense ‘extreme tiredness’ (c1190 in Old French in an apparently isolated attestation)) and its etymon classical Latin pressūra action or fact of pressing, liquid extracted by pressing, in post-classical Latin also affliction, tribulation (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), constraint of time (early 5th cent. in Augustine) < press- , past participial stem of premere to press (see press v.¹) + -ūra -ure suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan pressura trouble, suffering (probably 14th cent.), Catalan pressura tribulation (c1400; late 13th cent. in sense ‘crowd’), Spanish presura, †pressura urgency, mental oppression, stress (all first half of the 13th cent. or earlier).

I. Metaphorical force; oppression.

1. Originally: †pain, bodily discomfort, (a) physical affliction (obsolete). In later use: mental oppression or affliction; the burden of grief, troubles, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction

threat971

constraintc1374

oppressiona1382

pressurec1384

aggrievancea1400

thronga1400

oppress1488

aggrievement1646

compression1759

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun]

sorrowOE

ail?c1225

scorpion?c1225

dolec1290

angera1325

anguishc1330

cupa1340

aggrievancea1400

discomfortc1405

afflictionc1429

sytec1440

pressurea1500

constraint1509

tenterhook1532

grief1535

annoying1566

troubler1567

griper1573

vexation1588

infliction1590

trouble1591

temptationc1595

load1600

torment1600

wringer1602

sorance1609

inflicting1611

brusha1616

freighta1631

woe-heart1637

ordeala1658

cut-up1782

unpleasure1792

iron maiden1870

mental cruelty1899

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 21 Whanne sche hath borun a sone, now sche thenkith not on the pressure [L. pressurae] or charge for ioye.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 6104 (MED) Gramercy, lady, wych me helpyng Where..In alle þe pressurs of my chyldyng.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 142 (MED) Þy grace..is..liȝt of þe herte, þe solace of pressure.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Piiii^v In all perylles, temptacions, pressures & necessetees.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxix. 13 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 207 In presure, and in paine My ioyes thy preceptes giue.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) p. viii His Fatherly chastening of pains, sicknesses, and bodily pressures.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety viii. 185 Job, whom we find not so often nor so passionately complaining of any of his pressures, as of the unkind censures of his Friends.

1726 T. Bradbury Myst. of Godliness II. 836 Tho' his body was the most abus'd, and his soul under the heaviest pressure of grief and wrath.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ix. 234 Emily struggled against the pressure of grief.

1812 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 402 In the natural activity of my Intellect God has given me a counteracting principle to the intensity of my feelings, & a means of escaping from a part of the Pressure.

1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 97 He said..that the mental pressure and excitement was far the worst; it robbed him of his sleep.

1939 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 4 Aug. in War within & Without (1980) 21 It is, of course, that feeling of pressure.., inner pressure, that I have not learned to harness.

1990 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 14 Oct. 51/2 The mental pressure of constantly changing from Vincent Murano to Vinnie Mu..causes him to totter on the edge of emotional breakdown and physical destruction.

†a. As a count noun: a political or economic burden or constraint; an instance or source of economic or political oppression. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun]

threat971

duressc1320

defoulc1330

tyrantry1340

tyrannyc1368

oppressinga1382

overleadinga1382

tyrandisea1382

overlayingc1384

oppression1387

oversettinga1398

thronga1400

overpressingc1450

impressionc1470

tyrantshipc1470

tyrannesse?a1475

aggravation1481

defouling1483

supprissiona1500

oppressmentc1537

conculcation1547

iron hand?1570

thrall1578

tyrannizing1589

tyranting1596

ingrating1599

pressure1616

regrate1621

overpressure1644

slavishness1684

iron heel1798

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Pressure, an oppression.

1628 Sir H. Martin in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 581 The pressures and grievances of the people, with the easie remedies.

1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 641 Detaining our Arms, destroying our Trade and Markets, with many more Pressures upon us than we are willing to repeat.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 6 A proportion (how contemptible soever in respect of the pressures now every day imposed) scarce ever before heard of in Parliament.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 587 He [sc. Baillie] thought it was lawful for subjects, being under such pressures, to try how they might be relieved from them.

1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 113 That our Goods were first sent into Holland, Flanders, Italy, &c., and afterwards into France, under the pressures of the high duties.

b. A state of (esp. financial) difficulty or trouble; (in plural) †straits, difficulties (obsolete). Now usually in extended use: an external force or difficulty causing a person stress or tension; a strain, a stress.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction

teeneOE

harmOE

sourc1000

trayOE

angec1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

misease?c1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

sorenessc1275

grievancea1300

cumbermentc1300

cumbering1303

thro1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

encumbrancec1330

tribulationc1330

threst1340

mischiefa1375

pressc1375

unhend1377

miseasetya1382

angernessc1390

molestc1390

troublancec1400

notea1425

miseasenessc1450

cumber?a1513

tribule1513

unseasonableness?1523

troublesomeness1561

tribulance1575

tine1590

trials and tribulations1591

pressure1648

difficulty1667

hell to pay1758

dree1791

trial and tribulation1792

Queer Street1811

Sturm und Drang1857

a thin time1924

shit1929

crap1932

shtook1936

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 68 The Common-wealth hath soon fallen into heavy pressures and troubles.

?1720 Wonderful Wonder 2 In all urgent Necessities and Pressures he applies himself to these Deities.

1742 W. Allen Landlord's Compan. 15 Now is the Time to relieve the poor Farmers, that they may recover their past Losses, and be free from the like Pressures for the future.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India III. vi. i. 47 The finances of the Company were in their usual state of extreme pressure and embarrassment.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 202 The summer of 1868 is remembered as a period of financial pressure.

1894 Times 17 Mar. 9/6 When any financial pressure occurred such as that which has recently presented itself, it was deemed the easiest thing in the world to take £500,000 or £1,000,000 from the Army Estimates.

1932 J. B. Condliffe China To-Day 36 They [sc. the government of China] may have, arrayed against them, a peasantry suffering under economic pressures from which they have failed to get relief.

1961 N.Y. Times 5 July 31 Throughout ‘The Making of a President’ Mr. White shows wonderfully well how the pressures pile up on candidates.

1976 Times 30 Mar. 4/4 Not that they do not want freedom; but it brings pressures and choices with which they find it hard to cope.

2005 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 20 Nov. 1 Women with children may be especially vulnerable to financial pressure.

c. Urgency; the demand of affairs on a person's time or energies; constraint or obligation to act quickly or to the limit of one's ability or resources.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > busyness or want of leisure

negotiousness1642

unleisuredness1661

negotiosity1678

employednessa1691

pressure1812

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [noun] > a need or requirement > urgent or pressing > urgency

urgency1540

urgentness1598

urgencec1605

pressingness1661

pressure1812

1812 Q. Rev. May 159 At the end of the same session, the third bill, from the pressure of business, was given up without having come to a final hearing.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. xiii. 299 Another day: I have a great pressure of affairs at present.

1861 C. Dickens Let. 8 Jan. (1938) III. 204 I write under the pressure of occupation and business.

1911 D. H. Lawrence White Peacock iii. v. 442 In spite of his pressure of business he had become a County Councillor.

1938 R. C. Hutchinson Testament i. vi. 60 They were supposed to undergo examination every week, but that, from the pressure on the doctors' time, was often omitted.

1960 E. Stopp tr. St. Francis de Sales Sel. Lett. 238 I can see that it is hopeless to wait for a better opportunity, since continual pressure of affairs seems to be my fate.

2003 T. Booth et al. Developing Inclusive Teacher Educ. 39 The pressure on time within academic institutions which leads to a paradoxical difficulty in engaging in academic debate can lead people to take short cuts in their thinking.

d. Finance. A force on a currency tending towards a change in its value.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > forces tending towards value change

pressure1923

1923 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 14 Mar. 1/5 Financial pressure on the mark is having a tendency not only to stabilize its value, but to drive domestic prices in Germany to the levels of those of other countries.

1932 Times 28 Nov. 14 Pressure on the pound soon diminished, however, and a fair recovery ensued.

1954 W. L. Thorp Trade, Aid or What? 15 Some of the pressure on the dollar would disappear if there were freer trade within the nondollar area.

1997 K. O. Morgan Callaghan 213 With immediate pressure on the pound and heavy selling on Continental markets, the Chancellor had to take immediate action.

a. Psychological or moral influence, esp. of a constraining or oppressive kind; coercive, persuasive, or dissuasive force; coercion, persuasion, or dissuasion; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > [noun] > pressure

pressure1625

arm-twisting1924

pressurizing1940

pressurization1963

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 19 It was a notable Obseruation of a wise Father..That those, which held and perswaded pressure of Consciences, were commonly interessed therin.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. ii. 200 Rebelling against their natural Lords, at the pressure of Forrein Princes.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 5 His virtue, such as it was, could not stand the pressure of occasion.

1792 D. Stewart Elem. Philos. Human Mind I. iv. viii. 270 In every state of society..the multitude has..acted from the immediate impulse of passion, or from the pressure of their wants and necessities.

1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 8 The pressure from without will be a benefit to outlying clergy.

1895 Times 19 Dec. 5/6 He will have great difficulty in excusing himself to them for yielding to British pressure on the drifts question.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 530/2 [S. E. Finer] reserves the term pressure for those activities..which amount to the ‘application or threatened application of a sanction should a demand be refused’.

1976 Times 30 Mar. 4/2 The Conservative Party should resist well intentioned pressures to spell out in detail what it would do when it won a general election.

1999 C. Greenberg Homemade Esthetics 16 An esthetic judgment can be changed, or confirmed, only under renewed contact with the work of art in question, not through reflection or under the pressure of argument.

b. to put (also bring, exert) pressure on and variants: to urge or press strongly or coercively; to apply influence or psychological force; to bring pressure to bear: to exert influence to a specific end, esp. on a person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > pressurize

to put (also keep) the screw (also screws) on1659

to crowd the mourners1842

to bring pressure to bear1853

to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853

pressure1922

to be on someone's wheel1941

to twist (someone's) arm1953

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > pressurize

to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853

squeeze1888

pressure1911

high-pressure1925

to put the lug on1929

to put the squeeze on1941

pressurize1945

to turn the heat on1957

to lean on1960

1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 4 Aug. 1/3 The fleet going to the waters of an allied power, not for the purpose of injuring it, or putting any pressure on it, but on the contrary, to be ready to assist that power should it desire.

1864 W. Hardman Let. 21 Apr. in S. M. Ellis Lett. & Mem. Sir W. Hardman (1925) 172 Some pressure had evidently been brought to bear.

1875 Times 5 Aug. 7/5 Unless the entire body of importers interested can agree to bring pressure on the Dock Companies, no change for the better can be expected.

1908 A. F. Bentley Process of Govt. x. 208 We frequently talk of ‘bringing pressure to bear’ upon someone, and we can use the word here with but slight extension beyond this common meaning. Pressure, as we shall use it, is always a group phenomenon.

1912 T. Dreiser Financier xlv. 489 He thought once of going to Mrs. Cowperwood and having her bring pressure to bear on her husband.

1961 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) 1 Jan. ii. 3 This might be done to arouse those who have been squeezed out by the trims to exert pressure on the Legislature, so it would be more receptive to a tax proposal later in the year.

1995 K. Ishiguro Unconsoled ii. 21 But let me stress, the last thing I wish to do is put extra pressure on you.

4. American Football. Esp. as a statistical measure: an instance of a defensive player forcing the quarterback to make a play when not ready to do so.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres

rush1857

punt-out1861

goal-kicking1871

safety1879

safety touchdown1879

scrimmage1880

rushing1882

safety touch1884

touchback1884

forward pass1890

run1890

blocking1891

signal1891

fake1893

onside kick1895

tandem-play1895

pass play1896

spiral1896

shift1901

end run1902

straight-arm1903

quarterback sneak1904

runback1905

roughing1906

Minnesota shift1910

quarterbacking1910

snap-back1910

pickoff1912

punt return1914

screen forward pass1915

screen pass1920

power play1921

sneak1921

passback1922

snap1922

defence1923

reverse1924

carry1927

lateral1927

stiff-arm1927

zone1927

zone defence1927

submarine charge1928

squib1929

block1931

pass rushing1933

safetying1933

trap play1933

end-around1934

straight-arming1934

trap1935

mousetrap1936

buttonhook1938

blitzing1940

hand-off1940

pitchout1946

slant1947

strike1947

draw play1948

shovel pass1948

bootleg1949

option1950

red dog1950

red-dogging1951

rollout1951

submarine1952

sleeper pass1954

draw1956

bomb1960

swing pass1960

pass rush1962

blitz1963

spearing1964

onsides kick1965

takeaway1967

quarterback sack1968

smash-mouth1968

veer1968

turn-over1969

bump-and-run1970

scramble1971

sack1972

nose tackle1975

nickel1979

pressure1981

1981 N.Y. Times 26 Nov. d17/1 I don't think he had any sacks against me, but he had some pressures and things.

1991 Pro Football Weekly Preview Oct. 97/1 He is an outside speed rusher who plays hard and can get up the field. Last year, he had 18 pressures, and his 3.5 sacks could have been even higher.

2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 27 Dec. iii. 4/5 He has career highs this season with 112 tackles, seven forced fumbles and 13 quarterback pressures.

II. Physical force; compression.

a. The action or fact of pressing; the fact or condition of being pressed (press v.¹); the exertion of continuous force upon or against an object by something in contact with it; compression.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun]

distressc1384

press?1440

presseragec1450

thresting1481

thringing1483

thrust1513

squass1528

pressionc1540

squizing1565

pressure1601

squeezing1611

squishing1647

contrusiona1691

coercion1830

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 335 (MED) He ranne..to þe moost reprouable deeþ of þe crosse, where he presside himsilf doun, by þe which pressour he grauntide to þis deed child, þat is, mankynde, by inspiracioun of holy breþing, þe seuene ȝiftis of þe holy goost.

1432 Rolls of Parl. IV. 405/2 Suche Vesselx as thei [sc. wines] be putte ynne aftir theire pressure be not filled be viii or ix ynches.

1595 G. Chapman Quids Banquet of Sence E1^v With such a tender pressure as a kisse.

1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. iii. sig. E2^v The pressure of my haires, or the puncture of my heart, standes at the seruice of your sollide perfections.

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xxii. 247 When two Bodies having opposite Endeavours press one another, then the Endeavour of either of them is that which we call Pressure, and is mutual when their pressures are opposite.

1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 308 Let every thing be remov'd, that may cause the least Pressure upon his Breast.

1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §46 The juice of olives or grapes issuing by the lightest pressure is best.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xix. 200 Verdure meet For pressure of the fairies' feet.

1875 G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (1879) xii. 216 They [sc. bloodhounds] are sad cowards under pressure from a crowd.

1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 66 He put his chilly hand into the agent's, withdrew it without the faintest pressure, and went out into the sun.

1973 Lancet 5 May 999/2 Pain in hæmophilia can be divided into three types: (1) the type due to the pressure of a hæmorrhage on a sensory nerve, [etc.].

1988 M. Warner Lost Father xx. 215 They strolled hand in hand in the street, or arm in arm, giving each other squeezes of comfortable pressure.

2005 Sunday Times (Nexis) 2 Oct. 14 If you think about it, deep pressure is a soothing sensation. Watching the cattle relax, I knew I needed a squeeze chute.

b. Science. As a precisely defined physical quantity: the force exerted on a body by something in contact with it expressed as the force per unit area exerted in a direction perpendicular to the body's surface.air-, atmospheric, blood, critical, dynamic, high, internal, osmotic, partial, radiation, sound, vapour pressure, etc.: see the first element. centre of pressure: see centre n.¹ and adj. Phrases 1. See also high pressure n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure

sway1565

pressure1660

P1823

mip1961

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xliii. 392 The conjecture..That perhaps the pressure of the Air might have an interest in more Phænomena than men have hitherto thought.

1668 H. Oldenburg in R. Boyle Corr. 14 Jan. (2001) IV. 11 A Wheel-Barometer may very well be used at Sea by a Judicious man... But..I bethought myself of some other ways of discovering the pressure of the Air.

1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 55 Buildings of very considerable Weight and Pressure are found to stand firm on such Foundations.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 186 If the vessel filled with water be forty feet high, the bottom of that vessel will sustain such a pressure as would raise the same water forty feet high.

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 191 At great depths, the effect of the pressure of the sea is not a little curious.

1827 N. Arnott Elements Physics I. 337 In a fluid the pressure is in all directions.

1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 287 Steam produced under a pressure of 35 atmospheres has the temperature of 419°.

1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. vi. 142 Living in water under great pressure was no obstacle to animals provided they had no spaces or bubbles filled with air.

1992 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Oct. 36/1 The hydraulic press..exerts a pressure of one or two tons per square inch.

†c. History of Science. In Cartesian physics: = pression n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > pressure communicated through fluid

pression1672

pressure1710

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Pressure, by this word some Philosophers, addicted to the Cartesian Hypothesis, mean a kind of Motion which is impressed upon and propagated through a Fluid Medium.

d. Nautical. pressure of canvas = press of sail at press n.¹ 11b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > [noun] > as much sail as ship will carry

press sail1592

press of sail1751

pressing sail1774

pressure of canvas1823

1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 3 By carrying a pressure of canvass, we were enabled to weather the Calf of Man.

1853 Times 11 Apr. 8/4 During the return trip, which was performed under a considerable pressure of canvas in addition to steam, Mr. Macgregor Laird..entertained a number of gentlemen in the saloon.

1931 C. F. Goodrich Rope Yarns from Old Navy xv. 147 It was well that I took the latter precaution, for under heavy pressure of canvas we carried away quite a number of these light spars.

e. pressure of the atmosphere n. = atmospheric pressure at atmospheric adj. 3.

ΚΠ

1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography vi. 91 The weight or pressure of the atmosphere is about 15 lbs. on every square inch.

1938 L. Hogben Sci. for Citizen vii. 373 Raising the piston increases the volume of air in the cylinder, and the water rises because the pressure of the atmosphere in the well is greater than the pressure of the air in the pump itself.

1992 Business Hist. Rev. 66 288 This system created a vacuum and used the pressure of the atmosphere to power the brakes.

†6. figurative. A form produced by pressing; an image, impression, or stamp. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun]

tokenc1000

distinctionc1374

differencea1398

signeta1425

knowledge?c1475

smell?a1505

markc1522

badge1529

note1583

impress1590

monument1590

type1595

stamp1600

pressure1604

mintage1612

criterion1613

impressa1628

differencer1633

lineament1638

mole1644

discrimination1646

tessera1647

diagnostic1651

monumental1657

discretive1660

signate1662

footmark1666

trait1752

memorandum1766

fingerprint1792

insignia1796

identifier1807

designative1824

cachet1840

differentiator1854

tanga1867

trademark1869

signature1873

totem1875

differential1883

earmarkings1888

paw print1894

discriminator1943

ident1952

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 100 Yea, from the table of my memory Ile wipe away..all pressures [1623 presures] past That youth and obseruation coppied there.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 26 To shew vertue her feature..and the very age and body of the time his forme and pressure .

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas II. v. i. 323 No sooner did I cast my eyes on her face, than I knew..the very form and pressure of Lucinda.

7. Potential difference, voltage; = electric potential n. at electric adj. and n. Compounds 1b. More fully electric pressure, electrical pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > electrical potential > [noun]

tension1785

electric tension1802

potential1828

potential function1828

pd1887

pressure1889

potentiality1898

1889 Nature 24 Oct. 630/2 Currents of high tension are converted into pressures suitable for incandescent lamps by means of transformers.

1909 Rep. Regul. Use Electr. Energy under Factory & Workshop Act 1901 18/1, in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4462) XXI. 641 In these regulations:–Pressure means the difference of electrical potential between any two conductors, or between a conductor and earth, as read by a hot wire or electrostatic volt-meter.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) i. 6 The unit of electrical energy, the watt-second or joule, is defined as the energy expended in one second by an unvarying electric current of one ampere flowing under an electric pressure of one volt.

1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) ii. 17 Electric pressure is variously called difference in potential, voltage or electromotive force.

1989 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 9) I. iv. 164 The electrical pressure available at the terminals of the generator when no current is flowing in the circuit is known as the electro-motive force (e.m.f.).

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

pressure drop n.

ΚΠ

1909 Times 17 Feb. 17/3 When we have the turbine arranged in three barrels,..the pressure drops from row to row are comparatively small.

1990 R. Staines Market Gardening vi. 88 The pressure drop in large bore pipes is also less over a given distance.

pressure height n.

ΚΠ

1879 Times 9 June 9/2 This system of advertising..appears to bring about a periodical panic, especially when the sum advertised for reaches full pressure height.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 253 At a certain pressure-height the fluid meniscus exhibits maximal pulsations.

1998 Balloons & Airships July 20/1 We rose very gently, at a steady 100ft per minute, to 1,500ft. Our pressure height.

pressure stage n.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 476 Varying squint and ptosis are very common during the irritative and pressure stages.

2004 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 18 Mar. 16 A bit of thought into what goes into a newspaper would be appreciated by me and others who also have kids approaching the pressure stages in their life.

b. Designating an instrument used to indicate or ascertain an amount of pressure exerted.

pressure anemometer n.

ΚΠ

1880 Times 30 Apr. 12/1 There were only three pressure anemometers in this country.

1986 Engin. News-Record (Nexis) 13 Nov. 24 Eighteen types of measuring and monitoring devices, including..512 extra-sensory perception (ESP) pressure anemometers (which sense wind pressure) are installed.

c. Designating a device worked by means of pressure.

pressure fan n.

ΚΠ

1872 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 242/3 Sturtevant's pressure-fans and exhaust-blowers are displayed in different forms.

1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The main applications of the De Laval steam turbine are:—(1) Turbine motors,..(2) Turbine dynamos,..(3) turbine pumps..and (4) turbine exhaust and pressure fans or ventilators.

2003 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 Mar. 1 There was no major fire after the explosion, but pressure fans were used to blow out smoke.

pressure pump n.

ΚΠ

1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 234 The tank..is connected..by another pipe with a pressure-pump, for forcing the liquid into the pores of the wood.

1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 59/3 Another problem can occur with a pressure pump at low flow rates when you only have the tap partially open.

pressure valve n.

ΚΠ

1853 Sci. Amer. 6 Aug. 374/2 Combined with the air pump and pressure valve, for the purpose of regulating and maintaining the intensity of the steam on the saw.

1897 Weekly Sun 19 Sept. 15/2 It is forced down by the tremendous pressure-valves into a small chamber within the tank.

1992 S. Sigfusson Sigfusson's Roads x. 72 Air holes were nature's equalizing pressure valves; they formed in the ice, and freighters constantly brooded about them because technically they were weak spots.

d. Designating something caused by pressure.

pressure displacement n.

ΚΠ

1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 38 Pressure-displacements and motion-displacements are, in fact, respectively concerned.

1993 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 4 Jan. 40 A syringe pump metered the fluid, constant flow rate, and constant pressure displacements.

pressure forging n.

ΚΠ

1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-forging.

1949 R. W. Bolz Production Processes I. xxix. 427 Production by impact or pressure forging in closed impression dies merits serious consideration in the design and specification of machine parts which must withstand unduly heavy or unpredictable loads.

2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 15 Oct. Acceptable collateral will include machine tools, pressure forging equipment, printing presses, extrusion molding equipment and other machinery that the borrower has paid in full.

pressure sensation n.

ΚΠ

1890 Mind 15 490 Where pressure-sensations and muscular sensations concur, the latter, as a rule, take the lead.

1932 Mind 41 363 Whenever I touch anything I have pressure-sensations with a characteristic local sign.

2004 Health & Med. Week (Nexis) 16 Feb. 39 This reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in a painful pressure sensation in the chest area.

pressure-sign n.

ΚΠ

1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-sign.

1999 V. V. Krotov & A. I. Rusanov Physicochemical Hydrodynamics of Capillary Syst. vii. 211 The reversal of the pressure sign in the drop middle occurs with a jump when unloading the upper plate.

pressure symptom n.

ΚΠ

1875 W. T. Helmuth in P. J. Stephens Rec. Surg. Clinics Wm. Tod Helmuth 120 There are some pressure symptoms in abscesses, which are of a most perplexing nature.

1999 Practitioner (Nexis) June 474 Fibroids can be asymptomatic, but when large they may present as a visible mass and cause pressure symptoms with frequency, urgency and constipation.

e. Designating something used for pressing, or for causing pressure.

pressure ball n.

ΚΠ

1898 Westm. Gaz. 24 Jan. 7/2 Passing a current of air by means of indiarubber pressure-balls through a glass bottle full of glass shavings steeped in sulphuric acid.

1985 Machine Design (Nexis) 24 Oct. 68 From the rollers, power flows through the drive ring, pressure balls, and drive flange to the output shaft.

pressure bandage n.

ΚΠ

1876 T. F. Allen Ophthalmic Therapeutics 206 It should be snipped off with a pair of scissors, atropine instilled and a pressure bandage applied.

1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Dec. 2 If bitten, apply a pressure bandage to the bite, remain calm and seek immediate medical attention.

pressure bottle n.

ΚΠ

1881 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 172 832 The injection had been continued for five hours with the pressure bottle raised two feet above the level of the Star-fish.

1997 Plastics News (Nexis) 2 June 20 The plant operates four Bekum blow molding machines that make pressure bottles for pump-up garden sprayers.

pressure box n.

ΚΠ

1853 Sci. Amer. 17 Sept. 4/1 It is discharged in plugs, into a receiving long pressure box, where all the elasticity of the compressed tobacco is destroyed.

1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 626 In order to utilize the pressure due to the elevated position..the water is conducted from the ditches into a tank called the ‘pressure box’.

1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) i. 17 Scientists worked with the mice by inserting their hands into airtight rubber gloves that were built into the sides of the pressure box.

pressure forceps n.

ΚΠ

1896 Treves' Syst. Surg. I. 217 One does not require to ligature many vessels in a wound now that we have such excellent pressure forceps.

1930 Times 19 Mar. 5/3 I had 12 small pressure forceps.

2004 A. Holmes-Walker Life-enhancing Plastics II. ix. 181 Serrations and profiles are cut with special milling cutters, the components fitted together, and ground to size; after which they are correctly set, a vital operation in..the case of pressure forceps.

pressure frame n.

ΚΠ

1853 Times 15 June 10/4 (advt.) A complete set of apparatus..including..a portable stand, pressure frame, levelling stand, baths, and chymical complete.

1996 Commerce Business Mag. (Nexis) 29 Oct. End-uses are many and varied, from roofs to pipe-racks and pressure frames to structural crating for carrying car parts.

pressure screw n.

ΚΠ

1851 Sci. Amer. 9 Aug. 372/1 Pulleys banded together by a chain and connected to elastic pressure screws, which are acted upon by the weight.

1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. v. 200 The two mitred pieces of wood forming the corner..are gripped under respective pressure screws and are held accurately in relation to each other.

2004 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 28 Feb. 59 Although I can't see the Tigers losing, you have to back them to get off the mark, a defeat would tighten the pressure screw even more.

f. Objective.

pressure-fixing adj.

ΚΠ

1908 N.E.D. at Pressure Pressure-fixing.

1990 A. L. Thomas Phthalocyanine Res. & Applic. 242 An electrophotographic pressure fixing toner contains graft copolymers and Cu pc.

pressure-reciprocating adj.

ΚΠ

1881 Nature 15 Dec. 167 The total work done by a fluid pressure-reciprocating engine.

pressure reducer n.

ΚΠ

1879 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 241/1 It is a patent pressure reducer and regulator, as manufactured by Handren & Ripley at their steam engine and boiler works.

1995 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 13 July e5 The pressure reducer maintains a constant low pressure in the drip lines.

pressure-reducing adj.

ΚΠ

1878 Times 30 Aug. 10/1 Mr. Westinghouse's pressure-reducing valve..kept the pressure below the skidding-point as the speed diminished.

1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. vi. 400 (caption) Water flowing down the leg of the siphon passes through the pressure-reducing fitment A.

pressure regulator n.

ΚΠ

1853 Times 30 May 13/5 (advt.) The Practical Mechanics Journal, Part 63, for June, 1s., contains..Pressure Regulators.

1954 J. H. Harley & S. E. Wiberley Instrumental Anal. 199 Diaphragm-type pressure regulators do not usually give so steady a flow of gas as is required.

2004 Herald News (Passaic County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 28 Sept. a1 A burst rubber piece in the pressure regulator of the ammonia tank caused the leak.

pressure-relieving adj.

ΚΠ

1880 Times 2 Jan. 9/7 This result being assisted by a pressure relieving valve in connexion with the pneumatic cylinder.

2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 Sept. xiii. 11/4 The chairs come with retractable cupholders, spill-proof snack trays and movie storage and can be spiced up with..Tempurpedic, pressure-relieving material.

pressure-retaining adj.

ΚΠ

1884 M. N. Forney Car-builder's Dict. (ed. 2) 133/1 Pressure-retaining valve... A valve for use on long and steep gradients,..which keeps the train under control.

1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xii. 177 Pressure-retaining valves which maintain the pressure on the upstream side.

2003 World Oil (Nexis) 1 June 75 All pressure-retaining components of the system are manufactured from ASME SA-designated materials.

C2. attributive. Chiefly Sport. Designating a situation, shot, or piece of play where the outcome has significant repercussions, or where circumstances are stressful.

ΚΠ

1939 Golf May 205 The story of the '39 Masters..deals chiefly with Guldahl's final nine which represented perhaps the greatest ‘pressure’ golf ever played.

1952 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 17 July 27/4 It called for a pressure shot by Mary and she hit one—albeit just on the fringe.

1981 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 18 Aug. b1/4 One of the Guard's primary duties was to evaluate the reactions of the soldiers in a pressure situation.

2002 T. Cox Nice Jumper (2003) 316 Mousey and I slam-dunked pressure putts on the final green to beat Rushcliffe's juniors.

C3.

pressure angle n. Mechanics (in toothed gearing) the angle between the tangent to a tooth at the pitch point and the radial line at that point (a small angle corresponding to a steep tooth profile); (equivalently, for involute teeth) the angle between the line of action and the tangent to the pitch circle at the pitch point.

ΚΠ

1900 Formulas in Gearing (Brown & Sharpe Manuf. Co.) (ed. 3) 19 The base of our involute system is the 14½° pressure angle.

1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) ix. 261 If ‘stub’ teeth are used, the pressure angle will be increased to 20°.

2001 Jrnl. Materials Processing Technol. 112 29 The boundary of conjugate and non-conjugate surface regions appears on the worm gear tooth surface when the worm gear has a low pressure angle.

pressure arch n. Mining a distribution of pressure over an excavation resembling that in a structural arch, caused by increased pressure on the side walls of the excavation, which act as abutments supporting the strata forming the roof.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pressure on side walls as support to roof

pressure arch1950

1950 Ferrari & Wardell in E. Mason Pract. Coal Mining I. ix. 145/2 Props and bars, chocks and cutter nogs, all of which can be withdrawn and reset, are used for carrying the weight of stone inside the pressure arch.

1997 R. D. Singh Princ. & Pract. Mod. Coal Mining xii. 392 It was possible to indicate conservative estimates of the width of maximum pressure arch for various depths.

pressure balance n. (a) a state of equilibrium between pressures; frequently attributive, designating a device for maintaining such equilibrium; (b) Physics an instrument consisting of a weighted piston mounted vertically in a close-fitting cylinder containing a pressurized fluid, used for producing pressures that can be accurately calculated for calibration purposes.

ΚΠ

1850 Sci. Amer. 30 Nov. 87/2 A simple pressure balance valve is not new.

1932 Times 13 May 16/4 The exhibit..included a pressure-balance for the measurement of pressures from 300–2,000 atmospheres.

1958 R. H. W. Kneese & B. W. Sparks tr. A. Guilcher Coastal & Submarine Morphol. vi. 198 The ordinary diving suits used by specialists..are death-traps if the pressure balance is not accurately maintained.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 13 Sept. 14/3 Peerless's pressure-balance faucets are easy to install and give consistent temperature regardless of water pressure changes.

2004 Control Engin. Europe (Nexis) Sept. 20 Pressure balances are the most precise pressure measuring instruments available, but require correcting for the critical ambient parameters.

pressure bar n. a bar in a machine used to apply force; spec. a device in a planing machine for holding down the material to be planed (now rare).

ΚΠ

1850 Sci. Amer. 2 Nov. 49/2 G is the pressure bar or lever attached by pins to posts.

1876 Iron Age 20 Apr. 11/5 The pressure bar was the only and really best thing for holding down boards to be planed.

1998 Pop. Mech. (Nexis) Jan. 101 Press the pressure bar on the cutter across the face of the tile until it snaps along the scored line.

pressure blower n. a blower in which the air is compressed before being forced out.

ΚΠ

1865 Sci. Amer. 28 Oct. 285/2 Pressure blowers... Blowers for all purposes where pressure of air is required.

1997 Wood & Wood Products (Nexis) Feb. 91 A pressure blower is used to generate the cleaning air, so expensive compressed air from the shop or plant is not required.

pressure boiler n. a boiler designed to withstand high pressures, for heating liquids above their normal boiling points.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus

bain1477

speculum1650

filtering paper1651

wheel-fire1662

filter paper1670

sun furnace1763

respirator1789

candle-ball1794

rectifier1822

candle-bomb1823

filter1823

oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823

shade1837

graduator1839

pipette1839

thistle funnel1849

pressure tube1852

ozonizer1858

dialyser1861

Liebig condenser1861

Sprengel pump1866

Sprengel tube1866

water softener1867

mercury pump1869

Bunsen burner1870

dialysator1877

test-mixer1877

tube-condenser1877

Kipp1879

reflux condenser1880

policeman1888

converter1889

pressure boiler1891

spot plate1896

hydrogen electrode1898

sampler1902

reactor1903

fume-chamber1905

Permutit1910

microburner1911

salt bridge1915

precipitator1919

Raschig ring1920

microneedle1921

titrator1928

laboratory coatc1936

spray tower1937

precipitron1938

ion exchanger1941

potentiostat1942

chemostat1950

Knudsen pipette1951

pH-stat1956

cryopump1958

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel in which liquid is boiled > [noun]

furnacec1290

boiler1591

water boiler1774

pressure boiler1891

1891 S. P. Sadtler Handbk. Industr. Org. Chem. v. 179 Three grammes of substance are placed in a small beaker (preferably of metal), which is placed..in a Soxhlet pressure-boiler..+and heated to the temperature of boiling water.

1932 Vitamins (Med. Res. Council) x. 263 The vegetable was cooked..for about 15 minutes in a pressure boiler in absence of air at 121° C.

2003 Sci. Total Environment 304 46/1 The glasses were firmly sealed with Teflon coated caps and heated in a pressure boiler at 120 °C for 30 min.

pressure bomb n. a strong, thick-walled container in which chemical processes can be carried out under pressure; cf. bomb calorimeter n. at bomb n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1900 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 22 646 The high pressure bomb..requires an elaboration of apparatus and skill in manipulation not conducive to the wide use it deserves.]

1909 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 1 18/2 These pressure bombs will check each other with a given sample at hand.

1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 115 The coarsely granular sample..is weighed and placed in a steel pressure bomb which is then evacuated until all adsorbed gases are removed.

1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain 57 Anita also cooked conodonts in pressure bombs, because it had been suggested to her that the pressures of great tectonism..might also affect conodont colors.

pressure breathing n. the breathing of air at a pressure slightly higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere (in high-altitude flying or as a therapeutic procedure; cf. positive pressure n. at positive adj. and n. Compounds); frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by gas, air, or fumes > [noun] > treatment introducing gas or air

pneumothorax1885

preoxygenation1942

pressure breathing1946

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > method of supplying oxygen

pressure breathing1946

1946 Science 27 Sept. 300/2 The introducer was devised to overcome this obstacle which becomes a serious one when dexterity is poor, as during a pressure-breathing experiment at altitude.

1952 A. Huxley Let. 20 May (1969) 644 I have had no return of my iritis and, thanks to the newly invented pressure-breathing treatment,..have practically eliminated the slight chronic bronchitis.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. lviii. 1365/2 When, as in the Valsalva maneuver, positive-pressure artificial ventilation, or pressure breathing once used in aviation,..the intrathoracic pressure exceeds the pressure inside the veins, the latter will collapse.

2002 T. G. O'Brien & D. Meister in S. G. Charlton & T. G. O'Brien Handbk. Human Testing & Evaluation (ed. 2) 13 Tests of..pressure breathing apparatus, and protective clothing for use at high altitudes.

pressure-broadened adj. Physics broadened as a result of pressure broadening.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [adjective] > broadening of spectral lines

pressure-broadened1936

1936 Rev. Mod. Physics 8 48/2 These pressure-broadened lines show the expected larger shifts and half-widths.

1995 Observatory 115 119 Surface gravities can be determined spectroscopically, by using suitable gravity-sensitive indexes such as the pressure-broadened wings of strong lines.

pressure broadening n. Physics pressure-dependent broadening of lines in atomic spectra, caused by collisions of excited atoms with neighbouring atoms and molecules in a gas.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > pressure exerted by > broadening of spectral lines

pressure broadening1932

1932 Physical Rev. 39 860 The pressure shift of spectral lines, unexplained by the usual theories of pressure broadening.

1967 W. R. Hindmarsh Atomic Spectra viii. 86 The three main causes of line-broadening are: the natural width of atomic energy levels..; Doppler width..; and collision, or pressure broadening.

2003 Laser Focus World (Nexis) 1 May 107 Samples also can be interrogated at reduced pressure, which reduces interference due to pressure broadening with little loss of peak absorption strength.

pressure button n. (a) = press-button n. 1; (b) figurative a factor or trigger which brings psychological, political, or social pressure to bear (cf. pressure point n. 2).

ΚΠ

1893 Star 19 May 1/8 The new electric bells..the substitution of pressure buttons for the existing lever pulls.

1960 Washington Post 22 May g13/3 Writing wasn't done under pressure. You'd sculpture things. You had time. But mass communication has touched the pressure button.

1990 DEC User (Nexis) Apr. 65 You set it to the requirements of the host computer using pressure buttons and a small LCD display panel on the front of the box.

2005 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 10 Nov. h1 We would play on Tuesday morning at 7 a.m. to get (all 16 teams) to New York. Obviously, that didn't make much sense. But clearly, it's another pressure button that everybody has to handle.

pressure cabin n. an airtight cabin in an aircraft in which the air is maintained at a pressure safe and comfortable for the occupants.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > fuselage > cabin or saloon

cabin1908

saloon1921

pressure cabin1933

1933 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 840 The French stratosphere plane, with pressure cabin for two men flying ‘blind’, is intended to attempt an eight-hour flight from Paris to New York.

1965 J. D. Storer Behind Scenes in Aircraft Factory iii. 33 A door in a normal pressure cabin would have to withstand an outward load of some seven tons.

2001 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 25 July b9 If the others can't handle the risk of flying with a bunch of drunks in a locked pressure cabin at 40,000 feet, they should take a train.

pressure cable n. Electrical Engineering a paper-insulated cable containing gas or oil under pressure within the outer sheath or pipe, the pressure counteracting the tendency of the insulation to separate from the conductors in operating conditions and enabling higher voltages to be used.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > cable > insulated cable

paper cable1893

pressure cable1931

Pyrotenax1936

1924 Times 29 July p. xx/3 This has been provided by the Cable Makers' Association, consisting, in the case of high and extra pressure cables, of the paper insulated, lead covered, and wire armoured type.]

1931 M. Hochstadter et al. in Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 80 95 The utilisation of an impregnated paper cable..could be greatly increased if it were possible to get rid of the heterogeneity in the dielectric, or to render it harmless... It is possible to do this... (b) By radial compression of the cable in such a way that the radial ‘breathing’ is reversible at all temperatures, such vacuous spaces as tend to form being closed by the compression or the pressure in them raised to such an extent that no ionisation takes place. The latter alternative leads to the ‘Pressure Cable’.

1966 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Syst. 85 375 (heading) A few aspects of the general problem concerning tightness of connections formed by pressure cables.

1997 G. F. Moore Electric Cables Handbk. (ed. 3) iv. xxix. 438 In comparing pressure cable with extruded polymeric cable there are three important factors.

pressure cap n. a cap made to withstand pressure or to be sensitive to pressure; spec. one that incorporates a pressure relief valve, as on the radiator or coolant tank of a motor vehicle.

ΚΠ

1907 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 28 June 8 c/5 Attached to each [stick of dynamite] was a 65-pound pressure cap, and to these was [attached] a length of fuse.

1925 Decatur (Illinois) Sunday Rev. 18 Oct. 3/6 Offset wells are now being drilled around it, so it may be capped. A 450 pound pressure cap was blown off by the pressure.

1941 Science 3 Jan. 23/2 The pressure cap of the Seitz filter is fitted with a standard valve stem which fits the automatic valve chuck of the tank.

1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. vi. 59/1 To prevent overheating and boiling over, a radiator pressure cap is fitted.

pressure-cast adj. Engineering produced or made by pressure casting.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [adjective] > processes in founding or casting

Mitis casting1885

hot-metal1901

knock-out1942

pressure-cast1973

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > cast

yotenOE

welledc1300

yetc1429

casten1493

cast1535

molten1535

well-metalled1644

sand-cast1934

pressure-cast1973

1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 41 A pressure-cast material is likely to be..more uniformly consistent in structure than other cast materials.

2002 Dealernews (Nexis) 1 Sept. 56 Borrowing some unique space frame technology from their friends at Audi, Lightcon utilizes two symmetrical pressure-cast parts to create their wheels.

pressure casting n. Engineering die-casting in which metal is forced into the mould under pressure; a casting so made.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal

casting1788

foundry1890

pressure die-casting1919

pressure casting1922

sand casting1939

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > types of

iron founding1793

bronze founding1869

chill-casting1879

die-casting1911

core-casting1928

slush casting1930

sand casting1939

gravity die-casting1940

investment casting1946

slipforming1968

pressure casting1973

1894 Manufacturer & Builder June 131/1 The Smith pressure casting process has been very successfully used for casting aluminum articles.

1922 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. II. 27 Pressure castings in iron though not yet out of the experimental stage, would..tend to eliminate holes due to occluded air or shrinkage.

1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 42 (caption) Systems for pressure casting. (a) Gravity pressure. (b) Gas pressure. (c) Mechanical pressure. (d) Centrifugal pressure.

1999 Materials World Sept. 535/1 The development and integration of pressure casting with synthetic porous plastic moulds has gone a long way to solve the problem.

pressure chamber n. a chamber designed to hold material under pressure, or inside which pressure can be applied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > chambers for specific reactions

poison tower1839

pressure chamber1857

Glover (also Glover's) tower1871

cloud chamber1897

bubble chamber1902

proportional counter1932

1857 Sci. Amer. 10 Oct. 37/4 It has two force or pressure chambers and 4 valve seats.

1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 ii. 820 A lower cylinder with narrow holes bored vertically in it forces a molten solid out of the pressure chamber and so causes a sudden drop in pressure.

1989 Skin Diver May 26/3 Saturation divers using helium to avoid narcosis..would live in a pressure chamber on a ship and descend to the work in a pressurized bell.

pressure crack n. a crack caused by or attributed to pressure, esp. in lake or sea ice.

ΚΠ

1912 tr. R. Amundsen in Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 44 824 We everywhere saw sharp hills and points between which there were pressure-cracks and depressions filled with large masses of drift.

1964 Physica 30 1760 They are certainly not pressure cracks, as the interferometric profile of a pressure crack differs completely from that of a disk.

1994 J. Milne Getting Back xi. 120 Slush: Water-saturated snow conditions which occur on the surface of lake ice usually as a result of lake water seeping up through pressure cracks. A very dangerous snowmobiling condition.

pressure cylinder n. a cylinder in which a fluid is maintained under pressure.

ΚΠ

1848 Sci. Amer. 13 May 268/1 The escape steam from the high pressure cylinder.]

1852 Sci. Amer. 4 Dec. 94/1 The combination and arrangement of the pressure cylinder and the bed with the conveying bands.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Nov. 2/3 Whilst carrying out a speed trial..the pressure cylinder burst, and the engineer..got badly scalded.

1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. v. 33 A pump forces liquid into the pressure cylinder, thus causing the ram which carries the movable piston to descend.

pressure die-casting n. Engineering = pressure casting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal

casting1788

foundry1890

pressure die-casting1919

pressure casting1922

sand casting1939

1919 Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Feb. 240 On fracture, the pressure die casting will be found to consist of a dense closely grained outer stratum and a porous inner stratum.

1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 8 We have..injection moulding technologists concerned only with pressure-die-casting of thermo-plastic polymers.

1992 RTZ Rev. Mar. 16/1 For decades, pressure die casting, in which molten alloy is injected under pressure into a steel mould, has been a basic process of the engineering and car industries.

pressure drag n. Aeronautics the drag on a moving body which results from the aerodynamic pressure distribution over its surface.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > drag > types of

parasite resistance1918

profile drag1922

induced drag1926

parasite drag1927

form drag1931

pressure drag1933

parasitic drag1937

wave drag1948

1933 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 141 659 These values will be found plotted..among the experimental curves. The pressure drag is easily found.

1961 H. H. Koelle Handbk. Astronaut. Engin. v. 23 In ideal, inviscid, and incompressible two-dimensional flow there is no pressure drag.

1983 Sci. Amer. Dec. 127/3 Pressure drag results when the flow of air fails to follow the contours of the moving body.

pressure engine n. (a) an engine powered by steam under pressure, a steam engine (now historical); †(b) a machine operated by means of hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic engine (obsolete).

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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [noun] > by water

pressure engine1806

Hungarian1829

1806 R. Trevithick Let. 4 Mar. in R. Trevithick (1934) iii. 66 I will soon convince them of the superiority of the pressure-of-steam engine.]

1806 R. Trevithick Let. 23 Sept. in R. Trevithick (1934) iii. 74 From thence I went to Derby shire: the great pressure engine I expect will be at work before the middle of October.

1815 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 91/1 A new steam boiler, worked by what is called a pressure engine of about six horse power.

1853 J. Glynn Treat. Power Water 96 By the pressure-engine and the turbine, the power of waterfalls of any height..may at once be made available.

1988 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Mag.) 22 This is an early steam reaction turbine that is often demonstrated in introductory science classrooms. In the same book, a prototype of a pressure engine is also discussed.

pressure figure n. [with spec. use in mineralogy compare German Druckfigur (1897 or earlier); compare also percussion figure n. at percussion n. Compounds 2] †(a) a shape that corresponds to some situation defined in terms of pressure (obsolete); (b) Mineralogy a pattern of cracks formed on the surface of a mineral by applying steady pressure at a point.Sense (a) apparently represents an isolated use.

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1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 1883–4 36 226 We may determine the pressure-figure, or form, which the wheat assumes in the cell.

1890 Cent. Dict. Pressure-figure, a figure produced in a section of some minerals by the pressure of a rather sharp point.

1963 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 71 581 Closely spaced planar features occur which are parallel with {1101} and {0001}. These features..are parallel with the sides of the pressure figures produced by Shubnikov and Zinserling with a spherical indenter.

2002 C. Cipriani in A. Mottana et al. Micas xii. 484 In crystals without crystal shape, distinction was made by means of ‘percussion figures’.., a method introduced by Rensch in 1868... A few years later in 1873, Rensch also produced ‘pressure figures’ (with a pencil point rounded into a hemisphere).

pressure filter n. a filter through which liquid is forced by applied pressure.

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1850 Sci. Amer. 25 May 287/3 (advt.) This is the most perfect and scientific pressure filter now in use.

1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking xi. 250 Pressure filters—this system incorporates a series of felt-covered frames, which are spaced apart from each other by about 1 in, and through which the effluent is forced.

1991 Process Engin. Aug. 23/1 The production plant at Wilton houses 11 pressure filters operating continuously.

pressure-flaked adj. Archaeology shaped by pressure flaking.

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the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [adjective] > of or relating to archaeology > relating to artefacts > relating to specific artefacts

portholed1854

rouletted1895

rostro-carinate1912

pressure-flaked1923

1923 Man 23 54 No marked inequalities can be left in the resulting pressure-flaked edge.

2001 Ashmolean Spring 5 The fine pressure-flaked blades of Melian obsidian..were probably used for cutting and shaving.

pressure flaker n. Archaeology a pointed object used as a tool for pressure flaking.

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the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > artefacts > methods of production > tools for

side scraper1872

pressure flaker1938

1938 Amer. Antiq. 4 58 Iron nails and spikes..might have served as either hammers, pressure flakers, or awls depending on the size.

1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles ii. 43 The same floor produced three antler tines, and Floor 58..another, associated with a heap of minute flakes, indicating their use as pressure-flakers.

1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 132 He laid out a tarp and began to unpack..pressure flakers made of bone for hand-squeezing flakes off a tool's edge.

pressure flaking n. Archaeology (in the shaping of stone tools) the removal of flakes by applying pressure near the edge of the stone with a hard point.

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the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > artefacts > methods of production

pressure flaking1902

step flaking1931

1902 Amer. Anthropologist 4 112 Implements made of deer antler which resemble very closely the hammers and pressure-flaking implements used by the tribes of the region in shaping flint.

1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. vi. 157 The finish is much finer and pressure flaking is frequently used.

1992 Washington Post 26 Oct. 9/2 There is a device that looks like a very fat pencil... The hard point would have been pressed against the edge of the flint to split off flakes. Such steady ‘pressure flaking’ is well known to be the way to make fine edges on flint tools.

pressure flask n. a flask designed to withstand high pressures.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > flask > designed to withstand pressure

pressure flask1891

1891 S. P. Sadtler Handbk. Industr. Org. Chem. v. 179 Three grammes of substance are placed in a small beaker..in a Soxhlet pressure-boiler, or the test is carried out in the Lintner pressure-flask,—and heated to the temperature of boiling water.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 188 Pressure flask for studying plants under a few atm.

1999 New Phytologist 143 334/1 A certified NH₃ standard and clean air from commercially available pressure flasks..were mixed using flow meters.

pressure gauge n. an instrument for showing the pressure of a fluid, esp. steam or gas.

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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > fluid pressure > measuring instruments

air gauge1787

piezometer1820

gas gauge1836

pressure gauge1836

thermometer-gauge1841

kymograph1855

telemanometer1884

tensimeter1907

isoteniscope1910

Pirani gauge1911

Knudsen gauge1918

Knudsen manometer1961

1836 Times 23 Apr. 2/2 (advt.) Mercurial safety pipe, self-acting damper, and pressure gauge for high-pressure boilers.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iv. 211 Some mode of indicating at any moment the exact pressure which the steam exerts, and this we learn by means of the ‘pressure-gauge’.

1920 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 224 Tire pressure gauge. Accurate and reliable for correct air pressure.

1931 C. E. Munroe & J. E. Tiffany Physical Testing Explosives 84 The Bichel pressure gage is employed to determine the maximum pressure an explosive would exert if exploded or detonated in a space that it fills completely.

1991 Professional Heating Sept. 49/2 The fire is now ready for commissioning and gas pressure must be checked using a suitable pressure gauge.

pressure gradient n. the rate of change of pressure with distance, esp. in the atmosphere or other fluid.

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1888 Philos. Trans. 1887 (Royal Soc.) A. 178 336 Over the plains of Northern India, the average velocity of the wind has little or no apparent relation to the pressure gradient.

1918 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) Gradient wind, the flow of air which is necessary to balance the pressure-gradient.

1968 R. A. Lyttleton Myst. Solar Syst. i. 27 For a heated gas-cloud rotating round the sun, there can be a pressure-gradient perpendicularly away from the general equatorial plane of the distribution.

1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) ii. 46 There is a pressure gradient so that the water can flow laterally through the more porous soil and over the less permeable layer.

pressure heater n. an apparatus for heating something (esp. water) using steam under pressure.

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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > heater using steam

steam radiator1725

steam heatera1884

pressure heater1893

1893 Times 1 Aug. 11/2 (advt.) The pressure-heaters and machines are also adapted to numerous other trades.

1964 M. Laski in S. Nowell-Smith Edwardian Eng. iv. 160 The bathroom [was] served by..a multi-point pressure heater (the first..came on the market in 1899).

2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 14 June e2 The spa will use a pressure-heater sterilization system similar to the ones that dentists use.

pressure hold n. Mountaineering a hold maintained by the exertion of sideways or downward pressure.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > hold

footholea1589

fingerhold1720

handhold1726

side hold1829

toe-hole1876

push hold1904

side pull1920

under-hold1920

pressure hold1941

hand jam1948

thank God hold1955

undergrip1955

jug1957

chickenhead1961

crimp1994

1941 T. A. H. Peacocke Mountaineering iv. 46 Sideways pressureholds, with the palms of the hands pointing down, should be used as much as possible.

1975 W. Unsworth Encycl. Mountaineering 120/1 Pressure holds are holds where there in no grip as such and one relies on the friction of the rock.

pressure hull n. (in a submarine) the hull or the component of the hull which is designed to withstand the pressure of the sea when the vessel is submerged.

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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > types of hull > pressure hull in submarine

pressure hull1921

1921 Times 20 Jan. 11/6 The construction of the pressure hull will have to be very massive.

1974 L. Deighton Spy Story xx. 210 The crash came like a sledgehammer pounded against the hollow steel of the pressure hull.

1998 S. Sontag et al. Blind Man's Bluff v. 116 Three hatches leading from the torpedo room through the pressure hull..were all dislodged.

pressure ice n. ice on the sea or a lake that has a broken, uneven surface as a result of compressive or other forces.

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1911 Let. 24 Apr. in Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 44 (1912) 661 Ice cakes eleven or twelve inches thick and many square yards in area..are piled into ridges in the manner of pressure ice on the unsheltered sea.

1958 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 28 Apr. 2/3 There Bozo is now, surrounded by pack ice which is being rafted by tides and frost into a jumble of pressure-ice.

1996 W. Rostad On Road Again xxiii. 266 Frobisher Bay was a mass of giant, frozen chunks of sea ice, thrown up by the surging tides of the sea. It's called pressure ice.

pressure jump n. a sudden increase in pressure over a short distance; (Meteorology) a mobile zone of atmospheric disturbance characterized by a steep pressure gradient and usually marking a discontinuity in the height of an inversion layer.

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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > zone with steep gradient

pressure jump1949

1949 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 35 208 In equation (1) w is proportional to the slope..of the lifting surface and p is the pressure jump across the lifting surface.

1950 M. Tepper in Jrnl. Meteorol. 7 23/1 The leading edge of this pressure gradient, which shall be referred to as the pressure jump, is clearly defined on the maps, seems to undulate rather violently, and moves in a non-uniform manner.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 42 Sudden rises in sea level..have been experienced occasionally at coastal locations with the passage over the sea of a moving squall line or pressure jump.

2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 29 July 57 As it is heated, the air expands explosively, compressing the region immediately around the lightning. This ‘pressure jump’ creates sounds waves.

pressure-jump line n. Meteorology the line of an atmospheric pressure jump.

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1950 M. Tepper in Jrnl. Meteorol. 7 21 It is proposed that a squall line might be considered as a disturbance generated by accelerations along the cold front and which travels along the warm sector inversion as a gravitational wave. It is recommended that any series of meteorological events similar to this mechanism be called a Pressure Jump Line.

1983 Boundary Layer Meteorol. 27 69 Mesoscale pressure systems..are dominated by a pressure-jump line and a mesoscale high pressure area.

pressure lamp n. a portable oil or paraffin lamp in which the fuel is forced up into the mantle or burner by the air pressure in an enclosed reservoir, which can be increased by pumping with a built-in plunger.

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the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > [noun] > oil-lamp > pressure lamp

pressure lamp1848

1848 Times 26 Dec. 8/2 (advt.) It..is far superior to any other carcel pressure lamp yet introduced.

1893 Science 21 Apr. 217/2 The pressure-lamps of Messrs. Chance used with such burners seem to secure the maximum of advantage in the focus of any dioptric sea-light.

1999 Sea Angler May 36/1 Having spent the last 35 winters fishing in the light of a pressure lamp I thought I had pretty much got the hand of their little oddities.

pressure line n. (a) rare a pressure ridge in ice; (b) a pipeline or tube carrying air, water, or oil under pressure.

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the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ridge formed by lateral pressure

pressure ridge1897

pressure line1909

1909 Daily Chron. 3 Sept. 1/2 Much of our hard work was lost in circuitous twists around troublesome pressure lines and high, irregular fields of very old ice.

1933 Sci. Monthly Oct. 380/1 The water accumulated in the Grimsel Lake is conducted through a horizontal tunnel to the Gelmer Lake and from there by means of a steel tube pressure line, eight feet in diameter.., to the Handeck Generating Station.

1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 577/3 Two hydraulic pressure lines to trailer, with quick-disconnect couplings.

1990 Pilot Sept. 56/1 The ATCS (which stands for Airborne Time Controlling System) is activated by a pressure line tapped into the aircraft pitot system.

† pressure-log n. Obsolete a device for measuring the speed of flowing water by the height to which it rises in a tube (a particular form of pitot tube).

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1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. 455 By means of a number of ingenious pressure-logs, the velocities of the streams at different points were measured by the heights of water in tubes.

pressure microphone n. a microphone which produces a signal proportional to the variation in air pressure; contrasted with velocity microphone.

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the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > sound magnification or reproduction > [noun] > microphone

carbon transmitter1878

microphone1878

carbon microphone1879

pantelephone1881

phonoscope1890

mike1911

condenser microphone1921

magnetophone1922

radio microphone1922

ionophone1924

crystal microphone1925

ribbon microphone1925

radio mike1926

laryngophone1927

velocity microphone1931

ribbon mike1933

pressure microphone1934

bug1936

eight ball1937

ribbon1937

throat microphone1937

throat mike1937

rifle microphone1938

parabolic microphone1939

lip microphone1941

intercept1942

spike mike1950

spy-mike1955

spy-microphone1960

mic1961

rifle mike1961

gun microphone1962

spike microphone1962

shotgun microphone1968

Lavallière1972

wire1973

sneaky1974

multi-mikes1990

1934 H. F. Olson & F. Massa Appl. Acoustics v. 93 If the response corresponds to the variations in pressure of the medium, it is termed a pressure microphone.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VIII. 360/1 Pressure microphones are inherently nondirectional (omnidirectional), because pressure is a scalar and not a vector quantity.

2004 Playback (Nexis) 2 Feb. 17 Using pressure microphones, a few hungry hornworms and some organic spinach, Archer was able to capture the intricate sounds of insects chewing on leaves.

pressure mine n. a mine actuated by a change in pressure; esp. an underwater mine actuated by the temporary reduction in hydrostatic pressure caused by a passing ship.

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society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > mine

undermine1682

American turtle1775

torpedo1776

submarine1846

mine1862

pole torpedo1877

ground-torpedo1878

spar torpedo1878

countermine1880

acoustic mine1923

magnetic mine1939

limpet1942

pressure mine1943

oyster1945

1943 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune (Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin) 19 Aug. 2/5 ‘Mines removed’ meant hunting tricky instruments—some with new devices... They include all kinds of pressure mines, tension mines, clock mines and photo mines.

1949 J. S. Cowie Mines, Minelayers & Minelaying viii. 162 The Germans, meanwhile, had played their last card, the ‘Oyster’ or pressure mine.

1977 D. Irving Hitler's War v. 640 Göring blamed the navy..for objecting to the earlier laying of the secret ‘pressure mines’ off the French coast.

2002 P. Anderson When Scorpion Stings xi. 227 Callsign 22Alpha had detonated either an M16 or a small pressure mine, and..one of the vehicle's tracks had been blown off.

pressure-note n. Music rare a note played or to be played with a crescendo; cf. pressure tone n.

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1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-note, a note marked with a crescendo.

1914 H. Coward Choral Technique & Interpretation 271 Every accent, pressure-note, or shading-off appears to be the manifestation of a sentient being, a something quite apart and distinct from the persons who are the vehicle of the sounds.

pressure pack n. a dispenser or other receptacle containing a substance, frequently an aerosol, under pressure.

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the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure > container

pressure pack1958

pressure package1958

1958 A. Herzka & J. Pickthall Pressurized Packaging (Aerosols) iv. 78 The first pressure packs marketed in Great Britain were packed in aluminium dispensers which monopolized the British market until the advent of the all-tinplate dispenser in 1955.

1990 Sunday Mail (Nexis) 29 July Mrs I. Gieltowski urges the greater use of natural products for kitchen and bathroom cleaning rather than pressure packs.

pressure package n. (a) = pressure pack n.; (b) American Football a series of defensive positions and strategies designed to increase the pressure on an opposing team's quarterback; cf. sense 4.

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the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure > container

pressure pack1958

pressure package1958

1958 Food Technol. 12 331/1 Results of one or both of the above mentioned methods will indicate whether the existing product is applicable to the pressure package.

1980 Chem. Week (Nexis) 23 Jan. 44 The pressure package is separated from the product, eliminating incompatibility problems.

1988 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 31 Dec. Defensively we'll..work on our short-yardage defense, our long-yardage defense, our pressure package, our blitz package, things like that.

2000 F. Spaziani in Defensive Football Strategies 226 This is not to say one should not pressure the QB. A pressure package is essential. However, the variety of the defense is the key to its success.

pressure-packaged adj. (of a substance) contained under pressure in a dispenser or other container.

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the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > under pressure > packaged

pressure-packaged1954

1954 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Sunday Post 31 Oct. 16/3 Pressure packaged items for household, drugs, toiletry and industrial fields.

1957 Mod. Packaging Dec. 156/2 Many foods that are pressure packaged cannot be subjected to heat without quality loss and thus must be refrigerated.

2004 Canberra Times (Nexis) 12 Mar. a18 There is potential to expand markets for pressure-packaged guacamole into eastern Asia and Europe.

pressure-packaging n. the packaging of a substance under pressure in a dispenser or other container.

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the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure

pressure-packaging1957

1957 Mod. Packaging Dec. 156/2 Most foods that have application to pressure packaging will require some sort of preservation treatment.

1999 M. Fonberg-Broczek et al. in J. C. Oliveira & F. A. R. Oliverira Processing Foods xvi. 298 (heading) Pressure packaging.

pressure pad n. a pad designed to transmit or absorb pressure; (in later use) esp. one which converts applied pressure into an electrical signal.

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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > pad transmitting or absorbing

pressure pad1855

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for transmitting or increasing pressure

pressure pad1855

intensifier1892

hydraulic intensifier1899

1855 Sci. Amer. 9 June 306/3 Sewing machines—I. M. Singer, of New York City... I also claim connecting the pressure pad with its slide..by means of a long jointed arm.

1941 C. W. Hinman Pressworking Metals vi. 75 The power of compression is adjusted by nuts beneath a pressure pad at the lower end of the casing.

1969 Times 7 Mar. 15/1 A group..claims to have discovered a way of presenting visual information to blind people through an array of pressure pads which vibrate against the skin of their backs.

1996 Independent 29 July (Sport section) 2/3 Behind the footplate of every runner's blocks is a sensitive pressure pad which measures when the athlete's feet leave the blocks.

pressure palsy n. Medicine paralysis of part of the body caused by compression of a nerve or nerve trunk; an instance of this.

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1850 Lancet 2 Mar. 278/2 A consequent pressure palsy of that [sc. fifth] nerve.

1943 Lancet 18 Dec. 758/1 Pressure palsy of the lateral popliteal nerve has been demonstrated.

1976 Arch. Neurol. 33 681 The etiology was of some prognostic value, with universal recovery of pressure palsies.

2000 Pediatric Neurol. 22 302 The girl was also determined to have hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy.

pressure paralysis n. Medicine rare = pressure palsy n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > palsy or paralysis > types of

mollification?a1425

hemiplexy1576

paraplegia1583

dead palsy?1594

hemiplegia1600

sideration1612

astrobolism1651

paresis1668

hemiplegy1755

general paralysis1820

refixation1825

Pott's disease1827

pamplegia1842

pamplegy1857

crossed palsy1858

transverse palsy1858

neuroparalysis1859

general paresis1862

athetosis1871

monoplegia1876

spastic paralysis1877

Landry's paralysis1882

Little's disease1884

cerebral palsy1889

paraparesis1890

hemiparesis1893

Pott's paraplegia1895

sleep-palsy1896

quadriplegia1897

pressure paralysis1899

Bell's palsy1904

taboparesis1910

tetraplegia1911

tick paralysis1914

quadriparesis1948

Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome1957

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 658 Pressure paralysis for the most part is rapidly recovered from.

1988 Music & Lett. 69 220 Schumann scholars have variously described this disability..to pressure-paralysis and to mercury treatment for syphilis.

pressure pattern n. a pattern of prevailing atmospheric pressures.

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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > pattern of prevailing pressures

pressure pattern1946

1946 Sci. News Let. 2 Nov. 278/2 A new technique, ‘pressure pattern flying’, is now available to air pilots on the Atlantic route from Europe.

1954 N.Y. Times 6 June ii. 31/2 During the past eight years Trans World Airlines pilots flying over the Atlantic..have mastered the techniques of getting maximum range from their planes by flying ‘pressure patterns’.

1994 Air & Space Technol. Nov. 35/3 What is called the semi-annual oscillation usually dominates the pressure patterns in the middle and high latitudes of the southern hemisphere.

pressure-pattern flying n. Aeronautics the use of flight paths which enable aircraft to take advantage of the air currents associated with pressure patterns to economize on fuel or time.

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1946 Sci. News Let. 2 Nov. 278/2 A new technique, ‘pressure pattern flying’, is now available to air pilots on the Atlantic route from Europe.

1962 G. D. P. Worthington Flight Planning iv. 53 The study of pressure pattern flying and the increasing knowledge being obtained of jet streams has made it apparent that the shortest route is not always the quickest or most economical.

2000 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 20 July b4 Jim was a member of the American Meteorological Society and was one of the developers of pressure pattern flying over the North Atlantic.

pressure pipe n. a pipe carrying water, air, or other fluid under pressure.

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1852 J. Bennett tr. J. F. d'Aubuisson de Voisins Treat. Hydraulics 454 If the machine had been established on a level with the discharge gallery, the pressure pipe [Fr. tuyau de chute] would have had but this last height.

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Nov. 4/3 During her gun trials the pressure pipe, which was 8 feet long, burst. No one was hurt.

1991 Greece & Rome 38 50 Such a pressure pipe was certainly employed to carry the water across the valley which separated the spur from the site.

† pressure pouch n. Medicine Obsolete rare = pulsion diverticulum n. at pulsion n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of throat > [noun] > disorders of pharynx

putrid sore throat1754

pharyngitis1826

pharyngocele1842

rhinopharyngitis1878

pressure pouch1893

pseudodiphtheria1894

1893 Medico-chirurg. Trans. 76 274 The true pressure-pouch is invariably, or almost invariably, situated at the junction of the pharynx with the œsophagus.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 363 Pressure pouches, though often called œsophageal, in reality arise from the lower part of the pharynx.

† pressure register n. Obsolete rare = pressure gauge n.

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1853 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 490/1 Mr. Crossley..is also the inventor of these pressure registers.

1883 Times 23 Feb. 3/3 Sugg's illuminating-power meter, his pressure register and his standard cubic foot measure are also noteworthy.

pressure release n. = pressure relief n.

ΚΠ

1915 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. July 574/1 At the other end of the reaction coil was a pressure-release valve controlled by a spring.

1924 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 29 June (Home Beautiful section) 9/7 (advt.) A positive pressure release leaving a large space between the rolls.

2004 Pioneer Press (SE. Minnesota) (Nexis) 26 Sept. p3 A good-cop, bad-cop situation has to exist as a pressure release for a disgruntled player.

pressure release valve n. = pressure relief valve n.; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1915 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. July 574/1 At the other end of the reaction coil was a pressure-release valve controlled by a spring.

1953 G. A. Steiner Govt.'s Role in Econ. Life xii. 336 Group participation may provide a sort of pressure-release valve without which frustrations might build up to a dangerous point.

2001 S. Roaf et al. Ecohouse (2002) ix. 212 Ensure that there is a pressure release valve at the highest point of the system to prevent air-locking.

pressure relief n. release of built-up pressure; relief from pressure; an instance of this (frequently attributive).

ΚΠ

1886 Manufacturer & Builder Sept. 197/2 We present herewith an illustration of a pressure relief governor, designed especially for use with the air compressor which has lately been invented by Mr. J. Clayton.

1889 Proc. Royal Soc. 47 238 The boiler was fitted with a pressure-relief arrangement, consisting simply of a tube taken externally from the top of the boiler, bent twice at right angles and brought downwards, so that it opened at a level below the bottom of the boiler.

1998 Disability Now Nov. 5/1 It is a two-compartment inflatable mattress overlay designed to help turn patients for personal care and pressure relief.

pressure relief valve n. a valve which automatically opens to release a gas or liquid when the pressure reaches a certain level.

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1910 Washington Post 15 July 3/8 The pressure relief valve is set to blow off at a high figure.

1991 Offshore Engineer Sept. 5/2 A pressure relief valve on the hydraulic fluid side protects the gear and diaphragm pumphead from overloading.

pressure ridge n. a ridge caused by pressure; a ridge on the surface of sea or lake ice, caused by compression or lateral movement; (Meteorology) a ridge of high atmospheric pressure.

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the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ridge formed by lateral pressure

pressure ridge1897

pressure line1909

1897 tr. F. Nansen Farthest North I. vi. 241 The pressure-ridges..are apt to run at right angles to the course of the pressure which produced them.

1913 I. Cowie Company of Adventurers xv. 264 I..was aroused every now and again by the cracking, rumbling and thunderous resounding of the ice as the cold took a firmer grip on it and upheaved it into pressure ridges.

1945 Geogr. Rev. 35 132 The anticyclone that had covered the eastern United States..joined the Bermuda high and thus built up a pressure ridge.

1972 R. G. Kazmann Mod. Hydrol. (ed. 2) v. 217 The most promising experiment was that which utilized artificial recharge by means of wells to create a groundwater ridge, or pressure ridge, of freshwater between the area of pumpage and the sea.

1994 Equinox Jan. 16/3 Ice shrinks in the cold... It will burst up in a pressure ridge as the weather warms, because when it expands, the sheet of ice is too big for the lake.

pressure saucepan n. = pressure cooker n. 1.

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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > other types of pot or pan

olla1535

pipkin1554

marmite1581

diet-pot1617

pipkinet1647

chocolate pot1676

gotch1691

lead1741

puchero1791

steamer1814

bake pot1822

kedgeree-pot1824

braising-pan1825

handi1847

craggan1880

yabba1889

sufuria1891

dixie1900

Revere1901

pressure cooker1914

pressure saucepan1940

li1945

wok1952

li ting1958

firepot1959

fondue pot1959

tian1978

1940 Jrnl. Home Econ. 32 693/1 Pressure saucepan: A 2-quart heavy aluminium pan with flexible steel top which fits tightly.

2000 Bradenton (Florida) Herald (Nexis) 3 May 1 Although a fan of pressure saucepans if oven terror is too strong, Rogers recommends one that is large enough to include vegetables.

pressure-sensitive adj. that which is sensitive to or able to detect a pressing force.

ΚΠ

1928 L. T. Trolfand Fundamentals of Human Motivation 160 These impulses are referable to the excitation of pressure-sensitive receptors in the bladder walls.

1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 108/3 Repair the damage with pressure-sensitive tape.

2000 Guiding Mag. Feb. 2/1 Puffin crossing—a pressure-sensitive mat activates a ‘green man’ on the near side of the road rather than opposite.

pressure sore n. Medicine a sore or ulcer of the skin and soft tissue, usually over a bony prominence, occurring in an immobile patient as a result of continuous pressure of the body against a bed or other object; a bedsore, a decubitus ulcer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > sore

sorec1000

cweise?c1225

sorancec1440

shoyn1527

uncome1542

sorance1592

rawness1607

button farcy1673

fleck1695

raw1825

cold sore1842

bed-sore1861

fox1862

pressure sore1889

Queensland sore1892

salt sore1908

salt-burn1917

pressure point1929

1889 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. Index 748/3 Pressure-sores.

1905 R. Howard Surg. Nursing ii. 23 In applying back splints to the leg and foot..the heel itself only rests lightly on the splint, otherwise a pressure-sore may occur.

1995 Independent 14 Nov. 4/7 They [sc. elderly patients] are lying immobile on hard trolleys and there is a danger of pressure sores.

pressure stove n. a portable cooking stove fuelled by oil or paraffin that is pressurized by pumping with a built-in plunger.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun]

range1423

buccan1611

fire-range1668

stew-stove1727

screw-range1772

stew-hole1780

cooking stove1796

range stove1803

cooking range1805

cookstove1820

kitchener1829

gas range1853

cooker1860

gas cooker1873

Soyer's stove1878

hay-box1885

blazer1889

machine oven1890

paraffin stove1891

primus1893

electric cooker1894

electric range1894

Yukon stove1898

fireless cooker1904

picnic stove1910

pressure stove1914

Tommy cooker1915

rangette1922

Aga1931

barbecue1931

Rayburn1947

sigri1949

jiko1973

1914 Handbk. Amateur Camping Club 51 The increasing popularity of the paraffin pressure stove, the best-known form of which is perhaps the ‘Primus’, is an indication that this form of kitchen range probably best fits the camper's bill.

1956 R. C. Evans On Climbing viii. 129 For high altitudes, and extreme cold, it is possible to have a pressure-stove made with an extra large cup to hold more priming fuel.

1990 P. Magubane et al. Soweto iv. 81 (caption) Many shack-dwellers and other squatters rely on the kerosene pressure stove (or ‘Primus’) to cook their daily pap.

pressure suit n. an all-body garment that can be made airtight and inflated to protect the wearer against low ambient pressure (as in high-altitude flight).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > one-piece garment > [noun]

playsuit1609

romper1902

romper suit1904

diving-suit1908

bunting1914

teddy bear1917

leotard1920

Sidcot1921

sleeper1921

romper1922

pressure suit1923

boiler suit1928

maillot1928

mono1937

footy1938

all-in-one1939

siren suit1939

goonskin1943

anti-g suit1945

G-suit1945

jump suit1948

immersion suit1951

moon suit1953

poopy suit1953

dry suit1955

wetsuit1955

sleepsuit1958

Babygro1959

tank suit1959

cat-suit1960

penguin suit1961

unitard1961

bodysuit1963

shortall1966

steamer1982

1923 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 47/1 When a workman is attacked by the ‘bends’, he..is placed in a tank or a pressure suit and subjected to the same atmospheric pressure that caused the disease.

1936 Flight 1 Oct. 340/2 To enable the pilot to stand the extremely low pressure encountered at about 50,000ft..a special ‘pressure-suit’ has been produced.

1949 Startling Stories Sept. 125/2 The multiple layers of my pressure suit had made movement very difficult.

1962 in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 244 G-suits are not to be confused with pressure suits (or, now, spacesuits).

1992 B. Bova Mars 3 Through the thick insulation of his pressure suit helmet Jamie could hear nothing except his own excited breathing.

pressure switch n. a switch that is tripped when the pressure of a fluid reaches a certain value.

ΚΠ

1919 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News & Sentinel 1 Aug. 5/1 He will have full charge of the inspection and testing of all pressure switches.

1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) vi. 106/1 Pressure switches may also be applied to systems requiring that warning or indication be given of changes in pressure.

1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 59/3 (caption) A typical installation on a narrowboat, with pump, primary filter, pressure switch and accumulator tank.

pressure tank n. a tank in which a fluid, esp. fuel, is held under pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > receptacle > for liquids

vata1225

vessel1340

cistern1382

reservoir1686

tank1690

pressure tank1862

storage tank1897

pillow tank1951

1851 Times 8 Feb. 2/4 With respect to the low pressure tanks, he was told that the low pressure main, which ought to have been charged, was not charged.]

1862 Electrician 10 Jan. 115/2 (heading) Mr. Reid's pressure tank, used in testing cables during manufacture.

1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings viii. 225 A small gravity tank for his machine, to be used when the pressure tank is ventilated by a bullet.

1994 Harrowsmith Country Life Dec. 71/2 The 19-by-11 foot confines of ‘the furnace room’ also accommodate the pressure tank for the water pump.

pressure tendency n. Meteorology the net change in atmospheric pressure during a specified interval (usually three hours) prior to the time of observation; cf. earlier barometric tendency n. at barometric adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > change within three hours

barometric tendency1916

pressure tendency1939

1939 R. C. Sutcliffe Meteorol. for Aviators xvii. 218 The closest attention should always be given to the pressure tendencies.

1970 F. W. Cole Introd. Meteorol. xiv. 323 While pressure, as such, is not a useful weather parameter, the change in pressure and the pressure tendency are both helpful in developing a forecast.

2000 Weatherwise (Nexis) 1 July 40 It emphasizes..‘Dr. Mel's Forecast at a Glance’, which relies on cloud types and pressure tendencies.

pressure-tight adj. (of a joint, container, etc.) tightly enough constructed to prevent the passage of a fluid under pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific

watertight1489

wind-tight1507

wind and water tighta1550

weatherproof1647

weather-tight1648

wind-fast1648

airtight1728

steam-tight1765

waterproofed1813

gas-tight1819

acid-proof1844

gas-proof1846

oil-tight1847

mudproof1897

pressure-tight1899

draught-proof1908

weather-stripped1908

spill-proof1920

vacuum-tight1927

splash-proof1929

vapour-proof1946

1899 Bot. Gaz. 27 267 Such a joint will be pressure tight.

1946 Nature 21 Dec. 897/2 Pressurization of cabins for high-altitude flying now appears to be essential... This creates a fresh outlook on the body structure, which now has to be a pressure-tight shell.

1963 R. Hammond Automatic Welding ii. 85 Eight spot welds fix the spider to the rim, eliminating rivet holes and ensuring a pressure-tight joint.

1992 Ships Monthly Apr. 14/2 Internally the submarine is divided into three water and pressure tight compartments by two transverse bulkheads.

pressure tightness n. the condition of being pressure-tight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > water- or air-pressure-tight closure

Hermes' seal1605

hermetic seal1663

watertightness1826

pressure tightness1945

1945 Materials & Methods XXII. 1750 (caption) A bronze flame thrower part which required pressure tightness and chemical resistance on the part of the sealant.

2003 Designfax (Nexis) 1 Nov. 42 Pressure tightness and metallurgical soundness meet the most stringent specifications.

pressure tone n. Music rare a rapid crescendo on a single note; cf. pressure-note n.

ΚΠ

1877 J. Curwen Musical Theory 242 A rapid crescendo on a single tone is called a Pressure tone, and is indicated thus ?. It naturally expresses prayerful and beseeching pleading.

1881 J. Curwen & J. S. Curwen How to read Music xv. 67 Marks for Single Notes. Pressure tone (?), rapid cres, on single tone.

pressure transducer n. a transducer which produces an electrical signal proportional to an applied pressure, used chiefly for measuring pressures.

ΚΠ

1949 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 26 327/2 (caption) Final form of electronic pressure transducer.

1963 H. K. P. Neubert Instrument Transducers iv. 348 The main application of piezoelectric pressure transducers has been the ‘engine indicator’ for use with internal-combustion engines, which employs quartz disks or piles of disks.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 116/1 A microtipped pressure transducer..was then introduced 10 cm into the rectum.

pressure vessel n. a vessel designed to contain material, esp. water or steam, at high pressure.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > vessel with contents at high pressure

iron bomb1747

pressure vessel1915

1884 Times 29 Aug. 4/1 The thermal effect of gases expanding from a high pressure vessel through a porous plug.]

1915 G. B. Haven & G. W. Swett (title) The design of steam boilers and pressure vessels.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students x. 196 The bomb..is a pressure vessel, made of steel, of about 650 c.c. capacity.

1960 Pract. Wireless 36 298/1 X-ray photographs of the welds in the pressure vessel of a nuclear power station.

2001 Model Engineer 186 111/2 Boiler testers are usually nominated and selected for their knowledge and experience on the subject of pressure vessels and associated equipment.

pressure washer n. a cleaning device which uses a jet of pressurized water, now often comprising a hose with a lance-like nozzle.

ΚΠ

1920 Mansfield (Ohio) News 22 Apr. 11/1 A pressure washer which washes [bottles] by steam and hot water will be installed.

1995 Classic Critters: Rare Breeds Mag. Summer 17/1 If the trailer has rubber mats on a wooden floor, remove them so that you can clean the deck with a pressure washer.

pressure welding n. Engineering welding in which pressure is applied to the parts to be joined; welding brought about by pressure (deliberately or inadvertently).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > types of

butt welding1878

lead burning1886

arc welding1890

thermite process1905

thermite welding1906

resistance welding1908

spot welding1908

seam welding1917

fusion welding1918

projection welding1918

stud welding1918

metal arc welding1926

pressure welding1926

metallic arc welding1927

flash-butt welding1933

flash welding1933

stitch welding1934

rightward welding1936

block welding1943

submerged-arc welding1945

friction welding1946

T.I.G.1960

microwelding1962

1926 B. Stoughton & A. Butts Engin. Metall. vii. 137 (heading) Electric heating for pressure welding.

1954 H. Udin et al. Welding for Engineers iii. 34 Oxyacetylene pressure welding is accomplished by butting together under pressure the two pieces of metal to be joined and heating the junction by oxyacetylene torches.

1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxii. 435 In extrusion, the great pressure developed between the metal and the die can lead to sticking, due to pressure welding.

2002 Mod. Machine Shop (Nexis) 1 July 92 The use of sharp edges helps to prevent pressure welding, too.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pressure
释义	pressuren.¹ Brit. /ˈprɛʃə/, U.S. /ˈprɛʃər/ Forms: Middle English pressour, Middle English pressur, Middle English– pressure, 1500s–1600s presure; Scottish pre-1700 pressor, pre-1700 pressore, pre-1700 pressour, 1700s– pressure. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pressure; Latin pressūra. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pressure oppression, tribulation (early 13th cent. in Old French), constraint (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), extreme suffering, torture (14th cent.; earlier in sense ‘extreme tiredness’ (c1190 in Old French in an apparently isolated attestation)) and its etymon classical Latin pressūra action or fact of pressing, liquid extracted by pressing, in post-classical Latin also affliction, tribulation (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), constraint of time (early 5th cent. in Augustine) < press- , past participial stem of premere to press (see press v.¹) + -ūra -ure suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan pressura trouble, suffering (probably 14th cent.), Catalan pressura tribulation (c1400; late 13th cent. in sense ‘crowd’), Spanish presura, †pressura urgency, mental oppression, stress (all first half of the 13th cent. or earlier). I. Metaphorical force; oppression. 1. Originally: †pain, bodily discomfort, (a) physical affliction (obsolete). In later use: mental oppression or affliction; the burden of grief, troubles, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction threat971 constraintc1374 oppressiona1382 pressurec1384 aggrievancea1400 thronga1400 oppress1488 aggrievement1646 compression1759 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun] sorrowOE ail?c1225 scorpion?c1225 dolec1290 angera1325 anguishc1330 cupa1340 aggrievancea1400 discomfortc1405 afflictionc1429 sytec1440 pressurea1500 constraint1509 tenterhook1532 grief1535 annoying1566 troubler1567 griper1573 vexation1588 infliction1590 trouble1591 temptationc1595 load1600 torment1600 wringer1602 sorance1609 inflicting1611 brusha1616 freighta1631 woe-heart1637 ordeala1658 cut-up1782 unpleasure1792 iron maiden1870 mental cruelty1899 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 21 Whanne sche hath borun a sone, now sche thenkith not on the pressure [L. pressurae] or charge for ioye. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 6104 (MED) Gramercy, lady, wych me helpyng Where..In alle þe pressurs of my chyldyng. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 142 (MED) Þy grace..is..liȝt of þe herte, þe solace of pressure. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Piiii^v In all perylles, temptacions, pressures & necessetees. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxix. 13 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 207 In presure, and in paine My ioyes thy preceptes giue. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) p. viii His Fatherly chastening of pains, sicknesses, and bodily pressures. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety viii. 185 Job, whom we find not so often nor so passionately complaining of any of his pressures, as of the unkind censures of his Friends. 1726 T. Bradbury Myst. of Godliness II. 836 Tho' his body was the most abus'd, and his soul under the heaviest pressure of grief and wrath. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ix. 234 Emily struggled against the pressure of grief. 1812 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 402 In the natural activity of my Intellect God has given me a counteracting principle to the intensity of my feelings, & a means of escaping from a part of the Pressure. 1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 97 He said..that the mental pressure and excitement was far the worst; it robbed him of his sleep. 1939 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 4 Aug. in War within & Without (1980) 21 It is, of course, that feeling of pressure.., inner pressure, that I have not learned to harness. 1990 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 14 Oct. 51/2 The mental pressure of constantly changing from Vincent Murano to Vinnie Mu..causes him to totter on the edge of emotional breakdown and physical destruction. 2. †a. As a count noun: a political or economic burden or constraint; an instance or source of economic or political oppression. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] threat971 duressc1320 defoulc1330 tyrantry1340 tyrannyc1368 oppressinga1382 overleadinga1382 tyrandisea1382 overlayingc1384 oppression1387 oversettinga1398 thronga1400 overpressingc1450 impressionc1470 tyrantshipc1470 tyrannesse?a1475 aggravation1481 defouling1483 supprissiona1500 oppressmentc1537 conculcation1547 iron hand?1570 thrall1578 tyrannizing1589 tyranting1596 ingrating1599 pressure1616 regrate1621 overpressure1644 slavishness1684 iron heel1798 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Pressure, an oppression. 1628 Sir H. Martin in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 581 The pressures and grievances of the people, with the easie remedies. 1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 641 Detaining our Arms, destroying our Trade and Markets, with many more Pressures upon us than we are willing to repeat. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 6 A proportion (how contemptible soever in respect of the pressures now every day imposed) scarce ever before heard of in Parliament. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 587 He [sc. Baillie] thought it was lawful for subjects, being under such pressures, to try how they might be relieved from them. 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 113 That our Goods were first sent into Holland, Flanders, Italy, &c., and afterwards into France, under the pressures of the high duties. b. A state of (esp. financial) difficulty or trouble; (in plural) †straits, difficulties (obsolete). Now usually in extended use: an external force or difficulty causing a person stress or tension; a strain, a stress. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction teeneOE harmOE sourc1000 trayOE angec1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 misease?c1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 sorenessc1275 grievancea1300 cumbermentc1300 cumbering1303 thro1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 encumbrancec1330 tribulationc1330 threst1340 mischiefa1375 pressc1375 unhend1377 miseasetya1382 angernessc1390 molestc1390 troublancec1400 notea1425 miseasenessc1450 cumber?a1513 tribule1513 unseasonableness?1523 troublesomeness1561 tribulance1575 tine1590 trials and tribulations1591 pressure1648 difficulty1667 hell to pay1758 dree1791 trial and tribulation1792 Queer Street1811 Sturm und Drang1857 a thin time1924 shit1929 crap1932 shtook1936 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 68 The Common-wealth hath soon fallen into heavy pressures and troubles. ?1720 Wonderful Wonder 2 In all urgent Necessities and Pressures he applies himself to these Deities. 1742 W. Allen Landlord's Compan. 15 Now is the Time to relieve the poor Farmers, that they may recover their past Losses, and be free from the like Pressures for the future. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India III. vi. i. 47 The finances of the Company were in their usual state of extreme pressure and embarrassment. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 202 The summer of 1868 is remembered as a period of financial pressure. 1894 Times 17 Mar. 9/6 When any financial pressure occurred such as that which has recently presented itself, it was deemed the easiest thing in the world to take £500,000 or £1,000,000 from the Army Estimates. 1932 J. B. Condliffe China To-Day 36 They [sc. the government of China] may have, arrayed against them, a peasantry suffering under economic pressures from which they have failed to get relief. 1961 N.Y. Times 5 July 31 Throughout ‘The Making of a President’ Mr. White shows wonderfully well how the pressures pile up on candidates. 1976 Times 30 Mar. 4/4 Not that they do not want freedom; but it brings pressures and choices with which they find it hard to cope. 2005 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 20 Nov. 1 Women with children may be especially vulnerable to financial pressure. c. Urgency; the demand of affairs on a person's time or energies; constraint or obligation to act quickly or to the limit of one's ability or resources. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > busyness or want of leisure negotiousness1642 unleisuredness1661 negotiosity1678 employednessa1691 pressure1812 the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [noun] > a need or requirement > urgent or pressing > urgency urgency1540 urgentness1598 urgencec1605 pressingness1661 pressure1812 1812 Q. Rev. May 159 At the end of the same session, the third bill, from the pressure of business, was given up without having come to a final hearing. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. xiii. 299 Another day: I have a great pressure of affairs at present. 1861 C. Dickens Let. 8 Jan. (1938) III. 204 I write under the pressure of occupation and business. 1911 D. H. Lawrence White Peacock iii. v. 442 In spite of his pressure of business he had become a County Councillor. 1938 R. C. Hutchinson Testament i. vi. 60 They were supposed to undergo examination every week, but that, from the pressure on the doctors' time, was often omitted. 1960 E. Stopp tr. St. Francis de Sales Sel. Lett. 238 I can see that it is hopeless to wait for a better opportunity, since continual pressure of affairs seems to be my fate. 2003 T. Booth et al. Developing Inclusive Teacher Educ. 39 The pressure on time within academic institutions which leads to a paradoxical difficulty in engaging in academic debate can lead people to take short cuts in their thinking. d. Finance. A force on a currency tending towards a change in its value. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > forces tending towards value change pressure1923 1923 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 14 Mar. 1/5 Financial pressure on the mark is having a tendency not only to stabilize its value, but to drive domestic prices in Germany to the levels of those of other countries. 1932 Times 28 Nov. 14 Pressure on the pound soon diminished, however, and a fair recovery ensued. 1954 W. L. Thorp Trade, Aid or What? 15 Some of the pressure on the dollar would disappear if there were freer trade within the nondollar area. 1997 K. O. Morgan Callaghan 213 With immediate pressure on the pound and heavy selling on Continental markets, the Chancellor had to take immediate action. 3. a. Psychological or moral influence, esp. of a constraining or oppressive kind; coercive, persuasive, or dissuasive force; coercion, persuasion, or dissuasion; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > [noun] > pressure pressure1625 arm-twisting1924 pressurizing1940 pressurization1963 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 19 It was a notable Obseruation of a wise Father..That those, which held and perswaded pressure of Consciences, were commonly interessed therin. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. ii. 200 Rebelling against their natural Lords, at the pressure of Forrein Princes. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 5 His virtue, such as it was, could not stand the pressure of occasion. 1792 D. Stewart Elem. Philos. Human Mind I. iv. viii. 270 In every state of society..the multitude has..acted from the immediate impulse of passion, or from the pressure of their wants and necessities. 1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 8 The pressure from without will be a benefit to outlying clergy. 1895 Times 19 Dec. 5/6 He will have great difficulty in excusing himself to them for yielding to British pressure on the drifts question. 1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 530/2 [S. E. Finer] reserves the term pressure for those activities..which amount to the ‘application or threatened application of a sanction should a demand be refused’. 1976 Times 30 Mar. 4/2 The Conservative Party should resist well intentioned pressures to spell out in detail what it would do when it won a general election. 1999 C. Greenberg Homemade Esthetics 16 An esthetic judgment can be changed, or confirmed, only under renewed contact with the work of art in question, not through reflection or under the pressure of argument. b. to put (also bring, exert) pressure on and variants: to urge or press strongly or coercively; to apply influence or psychological force; to bring pressure to bear: to exert influence to a specific end, esp. on a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > pressurize to put (also keep) the screw (also screws) on1659 to crowd the mourners1842 to bring pressure to bear1853 to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853 pressure1922 to be on someone's wheel1941 to twist (someone's) arm1953 the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > pressurize to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853 squeeze1888 pressure1911 high-pressure1925 to put the lug on1929 to put the squeeze on1941 pressurize1945 to turn the heat on1957 to lean on1960 1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 4 Aug. 1/3 The fleet going to the waters of an allied power, not for the purpose of injuring it, or putting any pressure on it, but on the contrary, to be ready to assist that power should it desire. 1864 W. Hardman Let. 21 Apr. in S. M. Ellis Lett. & Mem. Sir W. Hardman (1925) 172 Some pressure had evidently been brought to bear. 1875 Times 5 Aug. 7/5 Unless the entire body of importers interested can agree to bring pressure on the Dock Companies, no change for the better can be expected. 1908 A. F. Bentley Process of Govt. x. 208 We frequently talk of ‘bringing pressure to bear’ upon someone, and we can use the word here with but slight extension beyond this common meaning. Pressure, as we shall use it, is always a group phenomenon. 1912 T. Dreiser Financier xlv. 489 He thought once of going to Mrs. Cowperwood and having her bring pressure to bear on her husband. 1961 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) 1 Jan. ii. 3 This might be done to arouse those who have been squeezed out by the trims to exert pressure on the Legislature, so it would be more receptive to a tax proposal later in the year. 1995 K. Ishiguro Unconsoled ii. 21 But let me stress, the last thing I wish to do is put extra pressure on you. 4. American Football. Esp. as a statistical measure: an instance of a defensive player forcing the quarterback to make a play when not ready to do so. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres rush1857 punt-out1861 goal-kicking1871 safety1879 safety touchdown1879 scrimmage1880 rushing1882 safety touch1884 touchback1884 forward pass1890 run1890 blocking1891 signal1891 fake1893 onside kick1895 tandem-play1895 pass play1896 spiral1896 shift1901 end run1902 straight-arm1903 quarterback sneak1904 runback1905 roughing1906 Minnesota shift1910 quarterbacking1910 snap-back1910 pickoff1912 punt return1914 screen forward pass1915 screen pass1920 power play1921 sneak1921 passback1922 snap1922 defence1923 reverse1924 carry1927 lateral1927 stiff-arm1927 zone1927 zone defence1927 submarine charge1928 squib1929 block1931 pass rushing1933 safetying1933 trap play1933 end-around1934 straight-arming1934 trap1935 mousetrap1936 buttonhook1938 blitzing1940 hand-off1940 pitchout1946 slant1947 strike1947 draw play1948 shovel pass1948 bootleg1949 option1950 red dog1950 red-dogging1951 rollout1951 submarine1952 sleeper pass1954 draw1956 bomb1960 swing pass1960 pass rush1962 blitz1963 spearing1964 onsides kick1965 takeaway1967 quarterback sack1968 smash-mouth1968 veer1968 turn-over1969 bump-and-run1970 scramble1971 sack1972 nose tackle1975 nickel1979 pressure1981 1981 N.Y. Times 26 Nov. d17/1 I don't think he had any sacks against me, but he had some pressures and things. 1991 Pro Football Weekly Preview Oct. 97/1 He is an outside speed rusher who plays hard and can get up the field. Last year, he had 18 pressures, and his 3.5 sacks could have been even higher. 2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 27 Dec. iii. 4/5 He has career highs this season with 112 tackles, seven forced fumbles and 13 quarterback pressures. II. Physical force; compression. 5. a. The action or fact of pressing; the fact or condition of being pressed (press v.¹); the exertion of continuous force upon or against an object by something in contact with it; compression. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun] distressc1384 press?1440 presseragec1450 thresting1481 thringing1483 thrust1513 squass1528 pressionc1540 squizing1565 pressure1601 squeezing1611 squishing1647 contrusiona1691 coercion1830 ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 335 (MED) He ranne..to þe moost reprouable deeþ of þe crosse, where he presside himsilf doun, by þe which pressour he grauntide to þis deed child, þat is, mankynde, by inspiracioun of holy breþing, þe seuene ȝiftis of þe holy goost. 1432 Rolls of Parl. IV. 405/2 Suche Vesselx as thei [sc. wines] be putte ynne aftir theire pressure be not filled be viii or ix ynches. 1595 G. Chapman Quids Banquet of Sence E1^v With such a tender pressure as a kisse. 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. iii. sig. E2^v The pressure of my haires, or the puncture of my heart, standes at the seruice of your sollide perfections. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xxii. 247 When two Bodies having opposite Endeavours press one another, then the Endeavour of either of them is that which we call Pressure, and is mutual when their pressures are opposite. 1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 308 Let every thing be remov'd, that may cause the least Pressure upon his Breast. 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §46 The juice of olives or grapes issuing by the lightest pressure is best. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xix. 200 Verdure meet For pressure of the fairies' feet. 1875 G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (1879) xii. 216 They [sc. bloodhounds] are sad cowards under pressure from a crowd. 1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 66 He put his chilly hand into the agent's, withdrew it without the faintest pressure, and went out into the sun. 1973 Lancet 5 May 999/2 Pain in hæmophilia can be divided into three types: (1) the type due to the pressure of a hæmorrhage on a sensory nerve, [etc.]. 1988 M. Warner Lost Father xx. 215 They strolled hand in hand in the street, or arm in arm, giving each other squeezes of comfortable pressure. 2005 Sunday Times (Nexis) 2 Oct. 14 If you think about it, deep pressure is a soothing sensation. Watching the cattle relax, I knew I needed a squeeze chute. b. Science. As a precisely defined physical quantity: the force exerted on a body by something in contact with it expressed as the force per unit area exerted in a direction perpendicular to the body's surface.air-, atmospheric, blood, critical, dynamic, high, internal, osmotic, partial, radiation, sound, vapour pressure, etc.: see the first element. centre of pressure: see centre n.¹ and adj. Phrases 1. See also high pressure n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure sway1565 pressure1660 P1823 mip1961 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xliii. 392 The conjecture..That perhaps the pressure of the Air might have an interest in more Phænomena than men have hitherto thought. 1668 H. Oldenburg in R. Boyle Corr. 14 Jan. (2001) IV. 11 A Wheel-Barometer may very well be used at Sea by a Judicious man... But..I bethought myself of some other ways of discovering the pressure of the Air. 1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 55 Buildings of very considerable Weight and Pressure are found to stand firm on such Foundations. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 186 If the vessel filled with water be forty feet high, the bottom of that vessel will sustain such a pressure as would raise the same water forty feet high. 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 191 At great depths, the effect of the pressure of the sea is not a little curious. 1827 N. Arnott Elements Physics I. 337 In a fluid the pressure is in all directions. 1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 287 Steam produced under a pressure of 35 atmospheres has the temperature of 419°. 1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. vi. 142 Living in water under great pressure was no obstacle to animals provided they had no spaces or bubbles filled with air. 1992 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Oct. 36/1 The hydraulic press..exerts a pressure of one or two tons per square inch. †c. History of Science. In Cartesian physics: = pression n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > pressure communicated through fluid pression1672 pressure1710 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Pressure, by this word some Philosophers, addicted to the Cartesian Hypothesis, mean a kind of Motion which is impressed upon and propagated through a Fluid Medium. d. Nautical. pressure of canvas = press of sail at press n.¹ 11b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > [noun] > as much sail as ship will carry press sail1592 press of sail1751 pressing sail1774 pressure of canvas1823 1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 3 By carrying a pressure of canvass, we were enabled to weather the Calf of Man. 1853 Times 11 Apr. 8/4 During the return trip, which was performed under a considerable pressure of canvas in addition to steam, Mr. Macgregor Laird..entertained a number of gentlemen in the saloon. 1931 C. F. Goodrich Rope Yarns from Old Navy xv. 147 It was well that I took the latter precaution, for under heavy pressure of canvas we carried away quite a number of these light spars. e. pressure of the atmosphere n. = atmospheric pressure at atmospheric adj. 3. ΚΠ 1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography vi. 91 The weight or pressure of the atmosphere is about 15 lbs. on every square inch. 1938 L. Hogben Sci. for Citizen vii. 373 Raising the piston increases the volume of air in the cylinder, and the water rises because the pressure of the atmosphere in the well is greater than the pressure of the air in the pump itself. 1992 Business Hist. Rev. 66 288 This system created a vacuum and used the pressure of the atmosphere to power the brakes. †6. figurative. A form produced by pressing; an image, impression, or stamp. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun] tokenc1000 distinctionc1374 differencea1398 signeta1425 knowledge?c1475 smell?a1505 markc1522 badge1529 note1583 impress1590 monument1590 type1595 stamp1600 pressure1604 mintage1612 criterion1613 impressa1628 differencer1633 lineament1638 mole1644 discrimination1646 tessera1647 diagnostic1651 monumental1657 discretive1660 signate1662 footmark1666 trait1752 memorandum1766 fingerprint1792 insignia1796 identifier1807 designative1824 cachet1840 differentiator1854 tanga1867 trademark1869 signature1873 totem1875 differential1883 earmarkings1888 paw print1894 discriminator1943 ident1952 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 100 Yea, from the table of my memory Ile wipe away..all pressures [1623 presures] past That youth and obseruation coppied there. View more context for this quotation 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 26 To shew vertue her feature..and the very age and body of the time his forme and pressure . View more context for this quotation 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas II. v. i. 323 No sooner did I cast my eyes on her face, than I knew..the very form and pressure of Lucinda. 7. Potential difference, voltage; = electric potential n. at electric adj. and n. Compounds 1b. More fully electric pressure, electrical pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > electrical potential > [noun] tension1785 electric tension1802 potential1828 potential function1828 pd1887 pressure1889 potentiality1898 1889 Nature 24 Oct. 630/2 Currents of high tension are converted into pressures suitable for incandescent lamps by means of transformers. 1909 Rep. Regul. Use Electr. Energy under Factory & Workshop Act 1901 18/1, in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4462) XXI. 641 In these regulations:–Pressure means the difference of electrical potential between any two conductors, or between a conductor and earth, as read by a hot wire or electrostatic volt-meter. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) i. 6 The unit of electrical energy, the watt-second or joule, is defined as the energy expended in one second by an unvarying electric current of one ampere flowing under an electric pressure of one volt. 1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) ii. 17 Electric pressure is variously called difference in potential, voltage or electromotive force. 1989 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 9) I. iv. 164 The electrical pressure available at the terminals of the generator when no current is flowing in the circuit is known as the electro-motive force (e.m.f.). Compounds C1. a. General attributive. pressure drop n. ΚΠ 1909 Times 17 Feb. 17/3 When we have the turbine arranged in three barrels,..the pressure drops from row to row are comparatively small. 1990 R. Staines Market Gardening vi. 88 The pressure drop in large bore pipes is also less over a given distance. pressure height n. ΚΠ 1879 Times 9 June 9/2 This system of advertising..appears to bring about a periodical panic, especially when the sum advertised for reaches full pressure height. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 253 At a certain pressure-height the fluid meniscus exhibits maximal pulsations. 1998 Balloons & Airships July 20/1 We rose very gently, at a steady 100ft per minute, to 1,500ft. Our pressure height. pressure stage n. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 476 Varying squint and ptosis are very common during the irritative and pressure stages. 2004 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 18 Mar. 16 A bit of thought into what goes into a newspaper would be appreciated by me and others who also have kids approaching the pressure stages in their life. b. Designating an instrument used to indicate or ascertain an amount of pressure exerted. pressure anemometer n. ΚΠ 1880 Times 30 Apr. 12/1 There were only three pressure anemometers in this country. 1986 Engin. News-Record (Nexis) 13 Nov. 24 Eighteen types of measuring and monitoring devices, including..512 extra-sensory perception (ESP) pressure anemometers (which sense wind pressure) are installed. c. Designating a device worked by means of pressure. pressure fan n. ΚΠ 1872 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 242/3 Sturtevant's pressure-fans and exhaust-blowers are displayed in different forms. 1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The main applications of the De Laval steam turbine are:—(1) Turbine motors,..(2) Turbine dynamos,..(3) turbine pumps..and (4) turbine exhaust and pressure fans or ventilators. 2003 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 Mar. 1 There was no major fire after the explosion, but pressure fans were used to blow out smoke. pressure pump n. ΚΠ 1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 234 The tank..is connected..by another pipe with a pressure-pump, for forcing the liquid into the pores of the wood. 1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 59/3 Another problem can occur with a pressure pump at low flow rates when you only have the tap partially open. pressure valve n. ΚΠ 1853 Sci. Amer. 6 Aug. 374/2 Combined with the air pump and pressure valve, for the purpose of regulating and maintaining the intensity of the steam on the saw. 1897 Weekly Sun 19 Sept. 15/2 It is forced down by the tremendous pressure-valves into a small chamber within the tank. 1992 S. Sigfusson Sigfusson's Roads x. 72 Air holes were nature's equalizing pressure valves; they formed in the ice, and freighters constantly brooded about them because technically they were weak spots. d. Designating something caused by pressure. pressure displacement n. ΚΠ 1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 38 Pressure-displacements and motion-displacements are, in fact, respectively concerned. 1993 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 4 Jan. 40 A syringe pump metered the fluid, constant flow rate, and constant pressure displacements. pressure forging n. ΚΠ 1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-forging. 1949 R. W. Bolz Production Processes I. xxix. 427 Production by impact or pressure forging in closed impression dies merits serious consideration in the design and specification of machine parts which must withstand unduly heavy or unpredictable loads. 2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 15 Oct. Acceptable collateral will include machine tools, pressure forging equipment, printing presses, extrusion molding equipment and other machinery that the borrower has paid in full. pressure sensation n. ΚΠ 1890 Mind 15 490 Where pressure-sensations and muscular sensations concur, the latter, as a rule, take the lead. 1932 Mind 41 363 Whenever I touch anything I have pressure-sensations with a characteristic local sign. 2004 Health & Med. Week (Nexis) 16 Feb. 39 This reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in a painful pressure sensation in the chest area. pressure-sign n. ΚΠ 1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-sign. 1999 V. V. Krotov & A. I. Rusanov Physicochemical Hydrodynamics of Capillary Syst. vii. 211 The reversal of the pressure sign in the drop middle occurs with a jump when unloading the upper plate. pressure symptom n. ΚΠ 1875 W. T. Helmuth in P. J. Stephens Rec. Surg. Clinics Wm. Tod Helmuth 120 There are some pressure symptoms in abscesses, which are of a most perplexing nature. 1999 Practitioner (Nexis) June 474 Fibroids can be asymptomatic, but when large they may present as a visible mass and cause pressure symptoms with frequency, urgency and constipation. e. Designating something used for pressing, or for causing pressure. pressure ball n. ΚΠ 1898 Westm. Gaz. 24 Jan. 7/2 Passing a current of air by means of indiarubber pressure-balls through a glass bottle full of glass shavings steeped in sulphuric acid. 1985 Machine Design (Nexis) 24 Oct. 68 From the rollers, power flows through the drive ring, pressure balls, and drive flange to the output shaft. pressure bandage n. ΚΠ 1876 T. F. Allen Ophthalmic Therapeutics 206 It should be snipped off with a pair of scissors, atropine instilled and a pressure bandage applied. 1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Dec. 2 If bitten, apply a pressure bandage to the bite, remain calm and seek immediate medical attention. pressure bottle n. ΚΠ 1881 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 172 832 The injection had been continued for five hours with the pressure bottle raised two feet above the level of the Star-fish. 1997 Plastics News (Nexis) 2 June 20 The plant operates four Bekum blow molding machines that make pressure bottles for pump-up garden sprayers. pressure box n. ΚΠ 1853 Sci. Amer. 17 Sept. 4/1 It is discharged in plugs, into a receiving long pressure box, where all the elasticity of the compressed tobacco is destroyed. 1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 626 In order to utilize the pressure due to the elevated position..the water is conducted from the ditches into a tank called the ‘pressure box’. 1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) i. 17 Scientists worked with the mice by inserting their hands into airtight rubber gloves that were built into the sides of the pressure box. pressure forceps n. ΚΠ 1896 Treves' Syst. Surg. I. 217 One does not require to ligature many vessels in a wound now that we have such excellent pressure forceps. 1930 Times 19 Mar. 5/3 I had 12 small pressure forceps. 2004 A. Holmes-Walker Life-enhancing Plastics II. ix. 181 Serrations and profiles are cut with special milling cutters, the components fitted together, and ground to size; after which they are correctly set, a vital operation in..the case of pressure forceps. pressure frame n. ΚΠ 1853 Times 15 June 10/4 (advt.) A complete set of apparatus..including..a portable stand, pressure frame, levelling stand, baths, and chymical complete. 1996 Commerce Business Mag. (Nexis) 29 Oct. End-uses are many and varied, from roofs to pipe-racks and pressure frames to structural crating for carrying car parts. pressure screw n. ΚΠ 1851 Sci. Amer. 9 Aug. 372/1 Pulleys banded together by a chain and connected to elastic pressure screws, which are acted upon by the weight. 1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. v. 200 The two mitred pieces of wood forming the corner..are gripped under respective pressure screws and are held accurately in relation to each other. 2004 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 28 Feb. 59 Although I can't see the Tigers losing, you have to back them to get off the mark, a defeat would tighten the pressure screw even more. f. Objective. pressure-fixing adj. ΚΠ 1908 N.E.D. at Pressure Pressure-fixing. 1990 A. L. Thomas Phthalocyanine Res. & Applic. 242 An electrophotographic pressure fixing toner contains graft copolymers and Cu pc. pressure-reciprocating adj. ΚΠ 1881 Nature 15 Dec. 167 The total work done by a fluid pressure-reciprocating engine. pressure reducer n. ΚΠ 1879 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 241/1 It is a patent pressure reducer and regulator, as manufactured by Handren & Ripley at their steam engine and boiler works. 1995 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 13 July e5 The pressure reducer maintains a constant low pressure in the drip lines. pressure-reducing adj. ΚΠ 1878 Times 30 Aug. 10/1 Mr. Westinghouse's pressure-reducing valve..kept the pressure below the skidding-point as the speed diminished. 1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. vi. 400 (caption) Water flowing down the leg of the siphon passes through the pressure-reducing fitment A. pressure regulator n. ΚΠ 1853 Times 30 May 13/5 (advt.) The Practical Mechanics Journal, Part 63, for June, 1s., contains..Pressure Regulators. 1954 J. H. Harley & S. E. Wiberley Instrumental Anal. 199 Diaphragm-type pressure regulators do not usually give so steady a flow of gas as is required. 2004 Herald News (Passaic County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 28 Sept. a1 A burst rubber piece in the pressure regulator of the ammonia tank caused the leak. pressure-relieving adj. ΚΠ 1880 Times 2 Jan. 9/7 This result being assisted by a pressure relieving valve in connexion with the pneumatic cylinder. 2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 Sept. xiii. 11/4 The chairs come with retractable cupholders, spill-proof snack trays and movie storage and can be spiced up with..Tempurpedic, pressure-relieving material. pressure-retaining adj. ΚΠ 1884 M. N. Forney Car-builder's Dict. (ed. 2) 133/1 Pressure-retaining valve... A valve for use on long and steep gradients,..which keeps the train under control. 1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xii. 177 Pressure-retaining valves which maintain the pressure on the upstream side. 2003 World Oil (Nexis) 1 June 75 All pressure-retaining components of the system are manufactured from ASME SA-designated materials. C2. attributive. Chiefly Sport. Designating a situation, shot, or piece of play where the outcome has significant repercussions, or where circumstances are stressful. ΚΠ 1939 Golf May 205 The story of the '39 Masters..deals chiefly with Guldahl's final nine which represented perhaps the greatest ‘pressure’ golf ever played. 1952 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 17 July 27/4 It called for a pressure shot by Mary and she hit one—albeit just on the fringe. 1981 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 18 Aug. b1/4 One of the Guard's primary duties was to evaluate the reactions of the soldiers in a pressure situation. 2002 T. Cox Nice Jumper (2003) 316 Mousey and I slam-dunked pressure putts on the final green to beat Rushcliffe's juniors. C3. pressure angle n. Mechanics (in toothed gearing) the angle between the tangent to a tooth at the pitch point and the radial line at that point (a small angle corresponding to a steep tooth profile); (equivalently, for involute teeth) the angle between the line of action and the tangent to the pitch circle at the pitch point. ΚΠ 1900 Formulas in Gearing (Brown & Sharpe Manuf. Co.) (ed. 3) 19 The base of our involute system is the 14½° pressure angle. 1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) ix. 261 If ‘stub’ teeth are used, the pressure angle will be increased to 20°. 2001 Jrnl. Materials Processing Technol. 112 29 The boundary of conjugate and non-conjugate surface regions appears on the worm gear tooth surface when the worm gear has a low pressure angle. pressure arch n. Mining a distribution of pressure over an excavation resembling that in a structural arch, caused by increased pressure on the side walls of the excavation, which act as abutments supporting the strata forming the roof. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pressure on side walls as support to roof pressure arch1950 1950 Ferrari & Wardell in E. Mason Pract. Coal Mining I. ix. 145/2 Props and bars, chocks and cutter nogs, all of which can be withdrawn and reset, are used for carrying the weight of stone inside the pressure arch. 1997 R. D. Singh Princ. & Pract. Mod. Coal Mining xii. 392 It was possible to indicate conservative estimates of the width of maximum pressure arch for various depths. pressure balance n. (a) a state of equilibrium between pressures; frequently attributive, designating a device for maintaining such equilibrium; (b) Physics an instrument consisting of a weighted piston mounted vertically in a close-fitting cylinder containing a pressurized fluid, used for producing pressures that can be accurately calculated for calibration purposes. ΚΠ 1850 Sci. Amer. 30 Nov. 87/2 A simple pressure balance valve is not new. 1932 Times 13 May 16/4 The exhibit..included a pressure-balance for the measurement of pressures from 300–2,000 atmospheres. 1958 R. H. W. Kneese & B. W. Sparks tr. A. Guilcher Coastal & Submarine Morphol. vi. 198 The ordinary diving suits used by specialists..are death-traps if the pressure balance is not accurately maintained. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 13 Sept. 14/3 Peerless's pressure-balance faucets are easy to install and give consistent temperature regardless of water pressure changes. 2004 Control Engin. Europe (Nexis) Sept. 20 Pressure balances are the most precise pressure measuring instruments available, but require correcting for the critical ambient parameters. pressure bar n. a bar in a machine used to apply force; spec. a device in a planing machine for holding down the material to be planed (now rare). ΚΠ 1850 Sci. Amer. 2 Nov. 49/2 G is the pressure bar or lever attached by pins to posts. 1876 Iron Age 20 Apr. 11/5 The pressure bar was the only and really best thing for holding down boards to be planed. 1998 Pop. Mech. (Nexis) Jan. 101 Press the pressure bar on the cutter across the face of the tile until it snaps along the scored line. pressure blower n. a blower in which the air is compressed before being forced out. ΚΠ 1865 Sci. Amer. 28 Oct. 285/2 Pressure blowers... Blowers for all purposes where pressure of air is required. 1997 Wood & Wood Products (Nexis) Feb. 91 A pressure blower is used to generate the cleaning air, so expensive compressed air from the shop or plant is not required. pressure boiler n. a boiler designed to withstand high pressures, for heating liquids above their normal boiling points. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus bain1477 speculum1650 filtering paper1651 wheel-fire1662 filter paper1670 sun furnace1763 respirator1789 candle-ball1794 rectifier1822 candle-bomb1823 filter1823 oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823 shade1837 graduator1839 pipette1839 thistle funnel1849 pressure tube1852 ozonizer1858 dialyser1861 Liebig condenser1861 Sprengel pump1866 Sprengel tube1866 water softener1867 mercury pump1869 Bunsen burner1870 dialysator1877 test-mixer1877 tube-condenser1877 Kipp1879 reflux condenser1880 policeman1888 converter1889 pressure boiler1891 spot plate1896 hydrogen electrode1898 sampler1902 reactor1903 fume-chamber1905 Permutit1910 microburner1911 salt bridge1915 precipitator1919 Raschig ring1920 microneedle1921 titrator1928 laboratory coatc1936 spray tower1937 precipitron1938 ion exchanger1941 potentiostat1942 chemostat1950 Knudsen pipette1951 pH-stat1956 cryopump1958 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel in which liquid is boiled > [noun] furnacec1290 boiler1591 water boiler1774 pressure boiler1891 1891 S. P. Sadtler Handbk. Industr. Org. Chem. v. 179 Three grammes of substance are placed in a small beaker (preferably of metal), which is placed..in a Soxhlet pressure-boiler..+and heated to the temperature of boiling water. 1932 Vitamins (Med. Res. Council) x. 263 The vegetable was cooked..for about 15 minutes in a pressure boiler in absence of air at 121° C. 2003 Sci. Total Environment 304 46/1 The glasses were firmly sealed with Teflon coated caps and heated in a pressure boiler at 120 °C for 30 min. pressure bomb n. a strong, thick-walled container in which chemical processes can be carried out under pressure; cf. bomb calorimeter n. at bomb n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1900 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 22 646 The high pressure bomb..requires an elaboration of apparatus and skill in manipulation not conducive to the wide use it deserves.] 1909 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 1 18/2 These pressure bombs will check each other with a given sample at hand. 1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 115 The coarsely granular sample..is weighed and placed in a steel pressure bomb which is then evacuated until all adsorbed gases are removed. 1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain 57 Anita also cooked conodonts in pressure bombs, because it had been suggested to her that the pressures of great tectonism..might also affect conodont colors. pressure breathing n. the breathing of air at a pressure slightly higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere (in high-altitude flying or as a therapeutic procedure; cf. positive pressure n. at positive adj. and n. Compounds); frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by gas, air, or fumes > [noun] > treatment introducing gas or air pneumothorax1885 preoxygenation1942 pressure breathing1946 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > method of supplying oxygen pressure breathing1946 1946 Science 27 Sept. 300/2 The introducer was devised to overcome this obstacle which becomes a serious one when dexterity is poor, as during a pressure-breathing experiment at altitude. 1952 A. Huxley Let. 20 May (1969) 644 I have had no return of my iritis and, thanks to the newly invented pressure-breathing treatment,..have practically eliminated the slight chronic bronchitis. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. lviii. 1365/2 When, as in the Valsalva maneuver, positive-pressure artificial ventilation, or pressure breathing once used in aviation,..the intrathoracic pressure exceeds the pressure inside the veins, the latter will collapse. 2002 T. G. O'Brien & D. Meister in S. G. Charlton & T. G. O'Brien Handbk. Human Testing & Evaluation (ed. 2) 13 Tests of..pressure breathing apparatus, and protective clothing for use at high altitudes. pressure-broadened adj. Physics broadened as a result of pressure broadening. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [adjective] > broadening of spectral lines pressure-broadened1936 1936 Rev. Mod. Physics 8 48/2 These pressure-broadened lines show the expected larger shifts and half-widths. 1995 Observatory 115 119 Surface gravities can be determined spectroscopically, by using suitable gravity-sensitive indexes such as the pressure-broadened wings of strong lines. pressure broadening n. Physics pressure-dependent broadening of lines in atomic spectra, caused by collisions of excited atoms with neighbouring atoms and molecules in a gas. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > pressure exerted by > broadening of spectral lines pressure broadening1932 1932 Physical Rev. 39 860 The pressure shift of spectral lines, unexplained by the usual theories of pressure broadening. 1967 W. R. Hindmarsh Atomic Spectra viii. 86 The three main causes of line-broadening are: the natural width of atomic energy levels..; Doppler width..; and collision, or pressure broadening. 2003 Laser Focus World (Nexis) 1 May 107 Samples also can be interrogated at reduced pressure, which reduces interference due to pressure broadening with little loss of peak absorption strength. pressure button n. (a) = press-button n. 1; (b) figurative a factor or trigger which brings psychological, political, or social pressure to bear (cf. pressure point n. 2). ΚΠ 1893 Star 19 May 1/8 The new electric bells..the substitution of pressure buttons for the existing lever pulls. 1960 Washington Post 22 May g13/3 Writing wasn't done under pressure. You'd sculpture things. You had time. But mass communication has touched the pressure button. 1990 DEC User (Nexis) Apr. 65 You set it to the requirements of the host computer using pressure buttons and a small LCD display panel on the front of the box. 2005 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 10 Nov. h1 We would play on Tuesday morning at 7 a.m. to get (all 16 teams) to New York. Obviously, that didn't make much sense. But clearly, it's another pressure button that everybody has to handle. pressure cabin n. an airtight cabin in an aircraft in which the air is maintained at a pressure safe and comfortable for the occupants. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > fuselage > cabin or saloon cabin1908 saloon1921 pressure cabin1933 1933 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 840 The French stratosphere plane, with pressure cabin for two men flying ‘blind’, is intended to attempt an eight-hour flight from Paris to New York. 1965 J. D. Storer Behind Scenes in Aircraft Factory iii. 33 A door in a normal pressure cabin would have to withstand an outward load of some seven tons. 2001 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 25 July b9 If the others can't handle the risk of flying with a bunch of drunks in a locked pressure cabin at 40,000 feet, they should take a train. pressure cable n. Electrical Engineering a paper-insulated cable containing gas or oil under pressure within the outer sheath or pipe, the pressure counteracting the tendency of the insulation to separate from the conductors in operating conditions and enabling higher voltages to be used. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > cable > insulated cable paper cable1893 pressure cable1931 Pyrotenax1936 1924 Times 29 July p. xx/3 This has been provided by the Cable Makers' Association, consisting, in the case of high and extra pressure cables, of the paper insulated, lead covered, and wire armoured type.] 1931 M. Hochstadter et al. in Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 80 95 The utilisation of an impregnated paper cable..could be greatly increased if it were possible to get rid of the heterogeneity in the dielectric, or to render it harmless... It is possible to do this... (b) By radial compression of the cable in such a way that the radial ‘breathing’ is reversible at all temperatures, such vacuous spaces as tend to form being closed by the compression or the pressure in them raised to such an extent that no ionisation takes place. The latter alternative leads to the ‘Pressure Cable’. 1966 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Syst. 85 375 (heading) A few aspects of the general problem concerning tightness of connections formed by pressure cables. 1997 G. F. Moore Electric Cables Handbk. (ed. 3) iv. xxix. 438 In comparing pressure cable with extruded polymeric cable there are three important factors. pressure cap n. a cap made to withstand pressure or to be sensitive to pressure; spec. one that incorporates a pressure relief valve, as on the radiator or coolant tank of a motor vehicle. ΚΠ 1907 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 28 June 8 c/5 Attached to each [stick of dynamite] was a 65-pound pressure cap, and to these was [attached] a length of fuse. 1925 Decatur (Illinois) Sunday Rev. 18 Oct. 3/6 Offset wells are now being drilled around it, so it may be capped. A 450 pound pressure cap was blown off by the pressure. 1941 Science 3 Jan. 23/2 The pressure cap of the Seitz filter is fitted with a standard valve stem which fits the automatic valve chuck of the tank. 1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. vi. 59/1 To prevent overheating and boiling over, a radiator pressure cap is fitted. pressure-cast adj. Engineering produced or made by pressure casting. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [adjective] > processes in founding or casting Mitis casting1885 hot-metal1901 knock-out1942 pressure-cast1973 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > cast yotenOE welledc1300 yetc1429 casten1493 cast1535 molten1535 well-metalled1644 sand-cast1934 pressure-cast1973 1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 41 A pressure-cast material is likely to be..more uniformly consistent in structure than other cast materials. 2002 Dealernews (Nexis) 1 Sept. 56 Borrowing some unique space frame technology from their friends at Audi, Lightcon utilizes two symmetrical pressure-cast parts to create their wheels. pressure casting n. Engineering die-casting in which metal is forced into the mould under pressure; a casting so made. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal casting1788 foundry1890 pressure die-casting1919 pressure casting1922 sand casting1939 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > types of iron founding1793 bronze founding1869 chill-casting1879 die-casting1911 core-casting1928 slush casting1930 sand casting1939 gravity die-casting1940 investment casting1946 slipforming1968 pressure casting1973 1894 Manufacturer & Builder June 131/1 The Smith pressure casting process has been very successfully used for casting aluminum articles. 1922 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. II. 27 Pressure castings in iron though not yet out of the experimental stage, would..tend to eliminate holes due to occluded air or shrinkage. 1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 42 (caption) Systems for pressure casting. (a) Gravity pressure. (b) Gas pressure. (c) Mechanical pressure. (d) Centrifugal pressure. 1999 Materials World Sept. 535/1 The development and integration of pressure casting with synthetic porous plastic moulds has gone a long way to solve the problem. pressure chamber n. a chamber designed to hold material under pressure, or inside which pressure can be applied. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > chambers for specific reactions poison tower1839 pressure chamber1857 Glover (also Glover's) tower1871 cloud chamber1897 bubble chamber1902 proportional counter1932 1857 Sci. Amer. 10 Oct. 37/4 It has two force or pressure chambers and 4 valve seats. 1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 ii. 820 A lower cylinder with narrow holes bored vertically in it forces a molten solid out of the pressure chamber and so causes a sudden drop in pressure. 1989 Skin Diver May 26/3 Saturation divers using helium to avoid narcosis..would live in a pressure chamber on a ship and descend to the work in a pressurized bell. pressure crack n. a crack caused by or attributed to pressure, esp. in lake or sea ice. ΚΠ 1912 tr. R. Amundsen in Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 44 824 We everywhere saw sharp hills and points between which there were pressure-cracks and depressions filled with large masses of drift. 1964 Physica 30 1760 They are certainly not pressure cracks, as the interferometric profile of a pressure crack differs completely from that of a disk. 1994 J. Milne Getting Back xi. 120 Slush: Water-saturated snow conditions which occur on the surface of lake ice usually as a result of lake water seeping up through pressure cracks. A very dangerous snowmobiling condition. pressure cylinder n. a cylinder in which a fluid is maintained under pressure. ΚΠ 1848 Sci. Amer. 13 May 268/1 The escape steam from the high pressure cylinder.] 1852 Sci. Amer. 4 Dec. 94/1 The combination and arrangement of the pressure cylinder and the bed with the conveying bands. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Nov. 2/3 Whilst carrying out a speed trial..the pressure cylinder burst, and the engineer..got badly scalded. 1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. v. 33 A pump forces liquid into the pressure cylinder, thus causing the ram which carries the movable piston to descend. pressure die-casting n. Engineering = pressure casting n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal casting1788 foundry1890 pressure die-casting1919 pressure casting1922 sand casting1939 1919 Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Feb. 240 On fracture, the pressure die casting will be found to consist of a dense closely grained outer stratum and a porous inner stratum. 1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 8 We have..injection moulding technologists concerned only with pressure-die-casting of thermo-plastic polymers. 1992 RTZ Rev. Mar. 16/1 For decades, pressure die casting, in which molten alloy is injected under pressure into a steel mould, has been a basic process of the engineering and car industries. pressure drag n. Aeronautics the drag on a moving body which results from the aerodynamic pressure distribution over its surface. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > drag > types of parasite resistance1918 profile drag1922 induced drag1926 parasite drag1927 form drag1931 pressure drag1933 parasitic drag1937 wave drag1948 1933 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 141 659 These values will be found plotted..among the experimental curves. The pressure drag is easily found. 1961 H. H. Koelle Handbk. Astronaut. Engin. v. 23 In ideal, inviscid, and incompressible two-dimensional flow there is no pressure drag. 1983 Sci. Amer. Dec. 127/3 Pressure drag results when the flow of air fails to follow the contours of the moving body. pressure engine n. (a) an engine powered by steam under pressure, a steam engine (now historical); †(b) a machine operated by means of hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic engine (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [noun] > by water pressure engine1806 Hungarian1829 1806 R. Trevithick Let. 4 Mar. in R. Trevithick (1934) iii. 66 I will soon convince them of the superiority of the pressure-of-steam engine.] 1806 R. Trevithick Let. 23 Sept. in R. Trevithick (1934) iii. 74 From thence I went to Derby shire: the great pressure engine I expect will be at work before the middle of October. 1815 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 91/1 A new steam boiler, worked by what is called a pressure engine of about six horse power. 1853 J. Glynn Treat. Power Water 96 By the pressure-engine and the turbine, the power of waterfalls of any height..may at once be made available. 1988 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Mag.) 22 This is an early steam reaction turbine that is often demonstrated in introductory science classrooms. In the same book, a prototype of a pressure engine is also discussed. pressure figure n. [with spec. use in mineralogy compare German Druckfigur (1897 or earlier); compare also percussion figure n. at percussion n. Compounds 2] †(a) a shape that corresponds to some situation defined in terms of pressure (obsolete); (b) Mineralogy a pattern of cracks formed on the surface of a mineral by applying steady pressure at a point.Sense (a) apparently represents an isolated use. ΚΠ 1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 1883–4 36 226 We may determine the pressure-figure, or form, which the wheat assumes in the cell. 1890 Cent. Dict. Pressure-figure, a figure produced in a section of some minerals by the pressure of a rather sharp point. 1963 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 71 581 Closely spaced planar features occur which are parallel with {1101} and {0001}. These features..are parallel with the sides of the pressure figures produced by Shubnikov and Zinserling with a spherical indenter. 2002 C. Cipriani in A. Mottana et al. Micas xii. 484 In crystals without crystal shape, distinction was made by means of ‘percussion figures’.., a method introduced by Rensch in 1868... A few years later in 1873, Rensch also produced ‘pressure figures’ (with a pencil point rounded into a hemisphere). pressure filter n. a filter through which liquid is forced by applied pressure. ΚΠ 1850 Sci. Amer. 25 May 287/3 (advt.) This is the most perfect and scientific pressure filter now in use. 1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking xi. 250 Pressure filters—this system incorporates a series of felt-covered frames, which are spaced apart from each other by about 1 in, and through which the effluent is forced. 1991 Process Engin. Aug. 23/1 The production plant at Wilton houses 11 pressure filters operating continuously. pressure-flaked adj. Archaeology shaped by pressure flaking. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [adjective] > of or relating to archaeology > relating to artefacts > relating to specific artefacts portholed1854 rouletted1895 rostro-carinate1912 pressure-flaked1923 1923 Man 23 54 No marked inequalities can be left in the resulting pressure-flaked edge. 2001 Ashmolean Spring 5 The fine pressure-flaked blades of Melian obsidian..were probably used for cutting and shaving. pressure flaker n. Archaeology a pointed object used as a tool for pressure flaking. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > artefacts > methods of production > tools for side scraper1872 pressure flaker1938 1938 Amer. Antiq. 4 58 Iron nails and spikes..might have served as either hammers, pressure flakers, or awls depending on the size. 1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles ii. 43 The same floor produced three antler tines, and Floor 58..another, associated with a heap of minute flakes, indicating their use as pressure-flakers. 1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 132 He laid out a tarp and began to unpack..pressure flakers made of bone for hand-squeezing flakes off a tool's edge. pressure flaking n. Archaeology (in the shaping of stone tools) the removal of flakes by applying pressure near the edge of the stone with a hard point. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > artefacts > methods of production pressure flaking1902 step flaking1931 1902 Amer. Anthropologist 4 112 Implements made of deer antler which resemble very closely the hammers and pressure-flaking implements used by the tribes of the region in shaping flint. 1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. vi. 157 The finish is much finer and pressure flaking is frequently used. 1992 Washington Post 26 Oct. 9/2 There is a device that looks like a very fat pencil... The hard point would have been pressed against the edge of the flint to split off flakes. Such steady ‘pressure flaking’ is well known to be the way to make fine edges on flint tools. pressure flask n. a flask designed to withstand high pressures. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > flask > designed to withstand pressure pressure flask1891 1891 S. P. Sadtler Handbk. Industr. Org. Chem. v. 179 Three grammes of substance are placed in a small beaker..in a Soxhlet pressure-boiler, or the test is carried out in the Lintner pressure-flask,—and heated to the temperature of boiling water. 1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 188 Pressure flask for studying plants under a few atm. 1999 New Phytologist 143 334/1 A certified NH₃ standard and clean air from commercially available pressure flasks..were mixed using flow meters. pressure gauge n. an instrument for showing the pressure of a fluid, esp. steam or gas. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > fluid pressure > measuring instruments air gauge1787 piezometer1820 gas gauge1836 pressure gauge1836 thermometer-gauge1841 kymograph1855 telemanometer1884 tensimeter1907 isoteniscope1910 Pirani gauge1911 Knudsen gauge1918 Knudsen manometer1961 1836 Times 23 Apr. 2/2 (advt.) Mercurial safety pipe, self-acting damper, and pressure gauge for high-pressure boilers. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iv. 211 Some mode of indicating at any moment the exact pressure which the steam exerts, and this we learn by means of the ‘pressure-gauge’. 1920 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 224 Tire pressure gauge. Accurate and reliable for correct air pressure. 1931 C. E. Munroe & J. E. Tiffany Physical Testing Explosives 84 The Bichel pressure gage is employed to determine the maximum pressure an explosive would exert if exploded or detonated in a space that it fills completely. 1991 Professional Heating Sept. 49/2 The fire is now ready for commissioning and gas pressure must be checked using a suitable pressure gauge. pressure gradient n. the rate of change of pressure with distance, esp. in the atmosphere or other fluid. ΚΠ 1888 Philos. Trans. 1887 (Royal Soc.) A. 178 336 Over the plains of Northern India, the average velocity of the wind has little or no apparent relation to the pressure gradient. 1918 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) Gradient wind, the flow of air which is necessary to balance the pressure-gradient. 1968 R. A. Lyttleton Myst. Solar Syst. i. 27 For a heated gas-cloud rotating round the sun, there can be a pressure-gradient perpendicularly away from the general equatorial plane of the distribution. 1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) ii. 46 There is a pressure gradient so that the water can flow laterally through the more porous soil and over the less permeable layer. pressure heater n. an apparatus for heating something (esp. water) using steam under pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > heater using steam steam radiator1725 steam heatera1884 pressure heater1893 1893 Times 1 Aug. 11/2 (advt.) The pressure-heaters and machines are also adapted to numerous other trades. 1964 M. Laski in S. Nowell-Smith Edwardian Eng. iv. 160 The bathroom [was] served by..a multi-point pressure heater (the first..came on the market in 1899). 2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 14 June e2 The spa will use a pressure-heater sterilization system similar to the ones that dentists use. pressure hold n. Mountaineering a hold maintained by the exertion of sideways or downward pressure. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > hold footholea1589 fingerhold1720 handhold1726 side hold1829 toe-hole1876 push hold1904 side pull1920 under-hold1920 pressure hold1941 hand jam1948 thank God hold1955 undergrip1955 jug1957 chickenhead1961 crimp1994 1941 T. A. H. Peacocke Mountaineering iv. 46 Sideways pressureholds, with the palms of the hands pointing down, should be used as much as possible. 1975 W. Unsworth Encycl. Mountaineering 120/1 Pressure holds are holds where there in no grip as such and one relies on the friction of the rock. pressure hull n. (in a submarine) the hull or the component of the hull which is designed to withstand the pressure of the sea when the vessel is submerged. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > types of hull > pressure hull in submarine pressure hull1921 1921 Times 20 Jan. 11/6 The construction of the pressure hull will have to be very massive. 1974 L. Deighton Spy Story xx. 210 The crash came like a sledgehammer pounded against the hollow steel of the pressure hull. 1998 S. Sontag et al. Blind Man's Bluff v. 116 Three hatches leading from the torpedo room through the pressure hull..were all dislodged. pressure ice n. ice on the sea or a lake that has a broken, uneven surface as a result of compressive or other forces. ΚΠ 1911 Let. 24 Apr. in Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 44 (1912) 661 Ice cakes eleven or twelve inches thick and many square yards in area..are piled into ridges in the manner of pressure ice on the unsheltered sea. 1958 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 28 Apr. 2/3 There Bozo is now, surrounded by pack ice which is being rafted by tides and frost into a jumble of pressure-ice. 1996 W. Rostad On Road Again xxiii. 266 Frobisher Bay was a mass of giant, frozen chunks of sea ice, thrown up by the surging tides of the sea. It's called pressure ice. pressure jump n. a sudden increase in pressure over a short distance; (Meteorology) a mobile zone of atmospheric disturbance characterized by a steep pressure gradient and usually marking a discontinuity in the height of an inversion layer. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > zone with steep gradient pressure jump1949 1949 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 35 208 In equation (1) w is proportional to the slope..of the lifting surface and p is the pressure jump across the lifting surface. 1950 M. Tepper in Jrnl. Meteorol. 7 23/1 The leading edge of this pressure gradient, which shall be referred to as the pressure jump, is clearly defined on the maps, seems to undulate rather violently, and moves in a non-uniform manner. 1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 42 Sudden rises in sea level..have been experienced occasionally at coastal locations with the passage over the sea of a moving squall line or pressure jump. 2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 29 July 57 As it is heated, the air expands explosively, compressing the region immediately around the lightning. This ‘pressure jump’ creates sounds waves. pressure-jump line n. Meteorology the line of an atmospheric pressure jump. ΚΠ 1950 M. Tepper in Jrnl. Meteorol. 7 21 It is proposed that a squall line might be considered as a disturbance generated by accelerations along the cold front and which travels along the warm sector inversion as a gravitational wave. It is recommended that any series of meteorological events similar to this mechanism be called a Pressure Jump Line. 1983 Boundary Layer Meteorol. 27 69 Mesoscale pressure systems..are dominated by a pressure-jump line and a mesoscale high pressure area. pressure lamp n. a portable oil or paraffin lamp in which the fuel is forced up into the mantle or burner by the air pressure in an enclosed reservoir, which can be increased by pumping with a built-in plunger. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > [noun] > oil-lamp > pressure lamp pressure lamp1848 1848 Times 26 Dec. 8/2 (advt.) It..is far superior to any other carcel pressure lamp yet introduced. 1893 Science 21 Apr. 217/2 The pressure-lamps of Messrs. Chance used with such burners seem to secure the maximum of advantage in the focus of any dioptric sea-light. 1999 Sea Angler May 36/1 Having spent the last 35 winters fishing in the light of a pressure lamp I thought I had pretty much got the hand of their little oddities. pressure line n. (a) rare a pressure ridge in ice; (b) a pipeline or tube carrying air, water, or oil under pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ridge formed by lateral pressure pressure ridge1897 pressure line1909 1909 Daily Chron. 3 Sept. 1/2 Much of our hard work was lost in circuitous twists around troublesome pressure lines and high, irregular fields of very old ice. 1933 Sci. Monthly Oct. 380/1 The water accumulated in the Grimsel Lake is conducted through a horizontal tunnel to the Gelmer Lake and from there by means of a steel tube pressure line, eight feet in diameter.., to the Handeck Generating Station. 1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 577/3 Two hydraulic pressure lines to trailer, with quick-disconnect couplings. 1990 Pilot Sept. 56/1 The ATCS (which stands for Airborne Time Controlling System) is activated by a pressure line tapped into the aircraft pitot system. † pressure-log n. Obsolete a device for measuring the speed of flowing water by the height to which it rises in a tube (a particular form of pitot tube). ΚΠ 1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. 455 By means of a number of ingenious pressure-logs, the velocities of the streams at different points were measured by the heights of water in tubes. pressure microphone n. a microphone which produces a signal proportional to the variation in air pressure; contrasted with velocity microphone. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > sound magnification or reproduction > [noun] > microphone carbon transmitter1878 microphone1878 carbon microphone1879 pantelephone1881 phonoscope1890 mike1911 condenser microphone1921 magnetophone1922 radio microphone1922 ionophone1924 crystal microphone1925 ribbon microphone1925 radio mike1926 laryngophone1927 velocity microphone1931 ribbon mike1933 pressure microphone1934 bug1936 eight ball1937 ribbon1937 throat microphone1937 throat mike1937 rifle microphone1938 parabolic microphone1939 lip microphone1941 intercept1942 spike mike1950 spy-mike1955 spy-microphone1960 mic1961 rifle mike1961 gun microphone1962 spike microphone1962 shotgun microphone1968 Lavallière1972 wire1973 sneaky1974 multi-mikes1990 1934 H. F. Olson & F. Massa Appl. Acoustics v. 93 If the response corresponds to the variations in pressure of the medium, it is termed a pressure microphone. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VIII. 360/1 Pressure microphones are inherently nondirectional (omnidirectional), because pressure is a scalar and not a vector quantity. 2004 Playback (Nexis) 2 Feb. 17 Using pressure microphones, a few hungry hornworms and some organic spinach, Archer was able to capture the intricate sounds of insects chewing on leaves. pressure mine n. a mine actuated by a change in pressure; esp. an underwater mine actuated by the temporary reduction in hydrostatic pressure caused by a passing ship. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > mine undermine1682 American turtle1775 torpedo1776 submarine1846 mine1862 pole torpedo1877 ground-torpedo1878 spar torpedo1878 countermine1880 acoustic mine1923 magnetic mine1939 limpet1942 pressure mine1943 oyster1945 1943 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune (Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin) 19 Aug. 2/5 ‘Mines removed’ meant hunting tricky instruments—some with new devices... They include all kinds of pressure mines, tension mines, clock mines and photo mines. 1949 J. S. Cowie Mines, Minelayers & Minelaying viii. 162 The Germans, meanwhile, had played their last card, the ‘Oyster’ or pressure mine. 1977 D. Irving Hitler's War v. 640 Göring blamed the navy..for objecting to the earlier laying of the secret ‘pressure mines’ off the French coast. 2002 P. Anderson When Scorpion Stings xi. 227 Callsign 22Alpha had detonated either an M16 or a small pressure mine, and..one of the vehicle's tracks had been blown off. pressure-note n. Music rare a note played or to be played with a crescendo; cf. pressure tone n. ΚΠ 1908 N.E.D. at Pressure sb. Pressure-note, a note marked with a crescendo. 1914 H. Coward Choral Technique & Interpretation 271 Every accent, pressure-note, or shading-off appears to be the manifestation of a sentient being, a something quite apart and distinct from the persons who are the vehicle of the sounds. pressure pack n. a dispenser or other receptacle containing a substance, frequently an aerosol, under pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure > container pressure pack1958 pressure package1958 1958 A. Herzka & J. Pickthall Pressurized Packaging (Aerosols) iv. 78 The first pressure packs marketed in Great Britain were packed in aluminium dispensers which monopolized the British market until the advent of the all-tinplate dispenser in 1955. 1990 Sunday Mail (Nexis) 29 July Mrs I. Gieltowski urges the greater use of natural products for kitchen and bathroom cleaning rather than pressure packs. pressure package n. (a) = pressure pack n.; (b) American Football a series of defensive positions and strategies designed to increase the pressure on an opposing team's quarterback; cf. sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure > container pressure pack1958 pressure package1958 1958 Food Technol. 12 331/1 Results of one or both of the above mentioned methods will indicate whether the existing product is applicable to the pressure package. 1980 Chem. Week (Nexis) 23 Jan. 44 The pressure package is separated from the product, eliminating incompatibility problems. 1988 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 31 Dec. Defensively we'll..work on our short-yardage defense, our long-yardage defense, our pressure package, our blitz package, things like that. 2000 F. Spaziani in Defensive Football Strategies 226 This is not to say one should not pressure the QB. A pressure package is essential. However, the variety of the defense is the key to its success. pressure-packaged adj. (of a substance) contained under pressure in a dispenser or other container. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > under pressure > packaged pressure-packaged1954 1954 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Sunday Post 31 Oct. 16/3 Pressure packaged items for household, drugs, toiletry and industrial fields. 1957 Mod. Packaging Dec. 156/2 Many foods that are pressure packaged cannot be subjected to heat without quality loss and thus must be refrigerated. 2004 Canberra Times (Nexis) 12 Mar. a18 There is potential to expand markets for pressure-packaged guacamole into eastern Asia and Europe. pressure-packaging n. the packaging of a substance under pressure in a dispenser or other container. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air > packing under pressure pressure-packaging1957 1957 Mod. Packaging Dec. 156/2 Most foods that have application to pressure packaging will require some sort of preservation treatment. 1999 M. Fonberg-Broczek et al. in J. C. Oliveira & F. A. R. Oliverira Processing Foods xvi. 298 (heading) Pressure packaging. pressure pad n. a pad designed to transmit or absorb pressure; (in later use) esp. one which converts applied pressure into an electrical signal. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > pad transmitting or absorbing pressure pad1855 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for transmitting or increasing pressure pressure pad1855 intensifier1892 hydraulic intensifier1899 1855 Sci. Amer. 9 June 306/3 Sewing machines—I. M. Singer, of New York City... I also claim connecting the pressure pad with its slide..by means of a long jointed arm. 1941 C. W. Hinman Pressworking Metals vi. 75 The power of compression is adjusted by nuts beneath a pressure pad at the lower end of the casing. 1969 Times 7 Mar. 15/1 A group..claims to have discovered a way of presenting visual information to blind people through an array of pressure pads which vibrate against the skin of their backs. 1996 Independent 29 July (Sport section) 2/3 Behind the footplate of every runner's blocks is a sensitive pressure pad which measures when the athlete's feet leave the blocks. pressure palsy n. Medicine paralysis of part of the body caused by compression of a nerve or nerve trunk; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1850 Lancet 2 Mar. 278/2 A consequent pressure palsy of that [sc. fifth] nerve. 1943 Lancet 18 Dec. 758/1 Pressure palsy of the lateral popliteal nerve has been demonstrated. 1976 Arch. Neurol. 33 681 The etiology was of some prognostic value, with universal recovery of pressure palsies. 2000 Pediatric Neurol. 22 302 The girl was also determined to have hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy. pressure paralysis n. Medicine rare = pressure palsy n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > palsy or paralysis > types of mollification?a1425 hemiplexy1576 paraplegia1583 dead palsy?1594 hemiplegia1600 sideration1612 astrobolism1651 paresis1668 hemiplegy1755 general paralysis1820 refixation1825 Pott's disease1827 pamplegia1842 pamplegy1857 crossed palsy1858 transverse palsy1858 neuroparalysis1859 general paresis1862 athetosis1871 monoplegia1876 spastic paralysis1877 Landry's paralysis1882 Little's disease1884 cerebral palsy1889 paraparesis1890 hemiparesis1893 Pott's paraplegia1895 sleep-palsy1896 quadriplegia1897 pressure paralysis1899 Bell's palsy1904 taboparesis1910 tetraplegia1911 tick paralysis1914 quadriparesis1948 Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome1957 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 658 Pressure paralysis for the most part is rapidly recovered from. 1988 Music & Lett. 69 220 Schumann scholars have variously described this disability..to pressure-paralysis and to mercury treatment for syphilis. pressure pattern n. a pattern of prevailing atmospheric pressures. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > pattern of prevailing pressures pressure pattern1946 1946 Sci. News Let. 2 Nov. 278/2 A new technique, ‘pressure pattern flying’, is now available to air pilots on the Atlantic route from Europe. 1954 N.Y. Times 6 June ii. 31/2 During the past eight years Trans World Airlines pilots flying over the Atlantic..have mastered the techniques of getting maximum range from their planes by flying ‘pressure patterns’. 1994 Air & Space Technol. Nov. 35/3 What is called the semi-annual oscillation usually dominates the pressure patterns in the middle and high latitudes of the southern hemisphere. pressure-pattern flying n. Aeronautics the use of flight paths which enable aircraft to take advantage of the air currents associated with pressure patterns to economize on fuel or time. ΚΠ 1946 Sci. News Let. 2 Nov. 278/2 A new technique, ‘pressure pattern flying’, is now available to air pilots on the Atlantic route from Europe. 1962 G. D. P. Worthington Flight Planning iv. 53 The study of pressure pattern flying and the increasing knowledge being obtained of jet streams has made it apparent that the shortest route is not always the quickest or most economical. 2000 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 20 July b4 Jim was a member of the American Meteorological Society and was one of the developers of pressure pattern flying over the North Atlantic. pressure pipe n. a pipe carrying water, air, or other fluid under pressure. ΚΠ 1852 J. Bennett tr. J. F. d'Aubuisson de Voisins Treat. Hydraulics 454 If the machine had been established on a level with the discharge gallery, the pressure pipe [Fr. tuyau de chute] would have had but this last height. 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Nov. 4/3 During her gun trials the pressure pipe, which was 8 feet long, burst. No one was hurt. 1991 Greece & Rome 38 50 Such a pressure pipe was certainly employed to carry the water across the valley which separated the spur from the site. † pressure pouch n. Medicine Obsolete rare = pulsion diverticulum n. at pulsion n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of throat > [noun] > disorders of pharynx putrid sore throat1754 pharyngitis1826 pharyngocele1842 rhinopharyngitis1878 pressure pouch1893 pseudodiphtheria1894 1893 Medico-chirurg. Trans. 76 274 The true pressure-pouch is invariably, or almost invariably, situated at the junction of the pharynx with the œsophagus. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 363 Pressure pouches, though often called œsophageal, in reality arise from the lower part of the pharynx. † pressure register n. Obsolete rare = pressure gauge n. ΚΠ 1853 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 490/1 Mr. Crossley..is also the inventor of these pressure registers. 1883 Times 23 Feb. 3/3 Sugg's illuminating-power meter, his pressure register and his standard cubic foot measure are also noteworthy. pressure release n. = pressure relief n. ΚΠ 1915 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. July 574/1 At the other end of the reaction coil was a pressure-release valve controlled by a spring. 1924 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 29 June (Home Beautiful section) 9/7 (advt.) A positive pressure release leaving a large space between the rolls. 2004 Pioneer Press (SE. Minnesota) (Nexis) 26 Sept. p3 A good-cop, bad-cop situation has to exist as a pressure release for a disgruntled player. pressure release valve n. = pressure relief valve n.; also figurative. ΚΠ 1915 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. July 574/1 At the other end of the reaction coil was a pressure-release valve controlled by a spring. 1953 G. A. Steiner Govt.'s Role in Econ. Life xii. 336 Group participation may provide a sort of pressure-release valve without which frustrations might build up to a dangerous point. 2001 S. Roaf et al. Ecohouse (2002) ix. 212 Ensure that there is a pressure release valve at the highest point of the system to prevent air-locking. pressure relief n. release of built-up pressure; relief from pressure; an instance of this (frequently attributive). ΚΠ 1886 Manufacturer & Builder Sept. 197/2 We present herewith an illustration of a pressure relief governor, designed especially for use with the air compressor which has lately been invented by Mr. J. Clayton. 1889 Proc. Royal Soc. 47 238 The boiler was fitted with a pressure-relief arrangement, consisting simply of a tube taken externally from the top of the boiler, bent twice at right angles and brought downwards, so that it opened at a level below the bottom of the boiler. 1998 Disability Now Nov. 5/1 It is a two-compartment inflatable mattress overlay designed to help turn patients for personal care and pressure relief. pressure relief valve n. a valve which automatically opens to release a gas or liquid when the pressure reaches a certain level. ΚΠ 1910 Washington Post 15 July 3/8 The pressure relief valve is set to blow off at a high figure. 1991 Offshore Engineer Sept. 5/2 A pressure relief valve on the hydraulic fluid side protects the gear and diaphragm pumphead from overloading. pressure ridge n. a ridge caused by pressure; a ridge on the surface of sea or lake ice, caused by compression or lateral movement; (Meteorology) a ridge of high atmospheric pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ridge formed by lateral pressure pressure ridge1897 pressure line1909 1897 tr. F. Nansen Farthest North I. vi. 241 The pressure-ridges..are apt to run at right angles to the course of the pressure which produced them. 1913 I. Cowie Company of Adventurers xv. 264 I..was aroused every now and again by the cracking, rumbling and thunderous resounding of the ice as the cold took a firmer grip on it and upheaved it into pressure ridges. 1945 Geogr. Rev. 35 132 The anticyclone that had covered the eastern United States..joined the Bermuda high and thus built up a pressure ridge. 1972 R. G. Kazmann Mod. Hydrol. (ed. 2) v. 217 The most promising experiment was that which utilized artificial recharge by means of wells to create a groundwater ridge, or pressure ridge, of freshwater between the area of pumpage and the sea. 1994 Equinox Jan. 16/3 Ice shrinks in the cold... It will burst up in a pressure ridge as the weather warms, because when it expands, the sheet of ice is too big for the lake. pressure saucepan n. = pressure cooker n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > other types of pot or pan olla1535 pipkin1554 marmite1581 diet-pot1617 pipkinet1647 chocolate pot1676 gotch1691 lead1741 puchero1791 steamer1814 bake pot1822 kedgeree-pot1824 braising-pan1825 handi1847 craggan1880 yabba1889 sufuria1891 dixie1900 Revere1901 pressure cooker1914 pressure saucepan1940 li1945 wok1952 li ting1958 firepot1959 fondue pot1959 tian1978 1940 Jrnl. Home Econ. 32 693/1 Pressure saucepan: A 2-quart heavy aluminium pan with flexible steel top which fits tightly. 2000 Bradenton (Florida) Herald (Nexis) 3 May 1 Although a fan of pressure saucepans if oven terror is too strong, Rogers recommends one that is large enough to include vegetables. pressure-sensitive adj. that which is sensitive to or able to detect a pressing force. ΚΠ 1928 L. T. Trolfand Fundamentals of Human Motivation 160 These impulses are referable to the excitation of pressure-sensitive receptors in the bladder walls. 1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 108/3 Repair the damage with pressure-sensitive tape. 2000 Guiding Mag. Feb. 2/1 Puffin crossing—a pressure-sensitive mat activates a ‘green man’ on the near side of the road rather than opposite. pressure sore n. Medicine a sore or ulcer of the skin and soft tissue, usually over a bony prominence, occurring in an immobile patient as a result of continuous pressure of the body against a bed or other object; a bedsore, a decubitus ulcer. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > sore sorec1000 cweise?c1225 sorancec1440 shoyn1527 uncome1542 sorance1592 rawness1607 button farcy1673 fleck1695 raw1825 cold sore1842 bed-sore1861 fox1862 pressure sore1889 Queensland sore1892 salt sore1908 salt-burn1917 pressure point1929 1889 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. Index 748/3 Pressure-sores. 1905 R. Howard Surg. Nursing ii. 23 In applying back splints to the leg and foot..the heel itself only rests lightly on the splint, otherwise a pressure-sore may occur. 1995 Independent 14 Nov. 4/7 They [sc. elderly patients] are lying immobile on hard trolleys and there is a danger of pressure sores. pressure stove n. a portable cooking stove fuelled by oil or paraffin that is pressurized by pumping with a built-in plunger. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] range1423 buccan1611 fire-range1668 stew-stove1727 screw-range1772 stew-hole1780 cooking stove1796 range stove1803 cooking range1805 cookstove1820 kitchener1829 gas range1853 cooker1860 gas cooker1873 Soyer's stove1878 hay-box1885 blazer1889 machine oven1890 paraffin stove1891 primus1893 electric cooker1894 electric range1894 Yukon stove1898 fireless cooker1904 picnic stove1910 pressure stove1914 Tommy cooker1915 rangette1922 Aga1931 barbecue1931 Rayburn1947 sigri1949 jiko1973 1914 Handbk. Amateur Camping Club 51 The increasing popularity of the paraffin pressure stove, the best-known form of which is perhaps the ‘Primus’, is an indication that this form of kitchen range probably best fits the camper's bill. 1956 R. C. Evans On Climbing viii. 129 For high altitudes, and extreme cold, it is possible to have a pressure-stove made with an extra large cup to hold more priming fuel. 1990 P. Magubane et al. Soweto iv. 81 (caption) Many shack-dwellers and other squatters rely on the kerosene pressure stove (or ‘Primus’) to cook their daily pap. pressure suit n. an all-body garment that can be made airtight and inflated to protect the wearer against low ambient pressure (as in high-altitude flight). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > one-piece garment > [noun] playsuit1609 romper1902 romper suit1904 diving-suit1908 bunting1914 teddy bear1917 leotard1920 Sidcot1921 sleeper1921 romper1922 pressure suit1923 boiler suit1928 maillot1928 mono1937 footy1938 all-in-one1939 siren suit1939 goonskin1943 anti-g suit1945 G-suit1945 jump suit1948 immersion suit1951 moon suit1953 poopy suit1953 dry suit1955 wetsuit1955 sleepsuit1958 Babygro1959 tank suit1959 cat-suit1960 penguin suit1961 unitard1961 bodysuit1963 shortall1966 steamer1982 1923 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 47/1 When a workman is attacked by the ‘bends’, he..is placed in a tank or a pressure suit and subjected to the same atmospheric pressure that caused the disease. 1936 Flight 1 Oct. 340/2 To enable the pilot to stand the extremely low pressure encountered at about 50,000ft..a special ‘pressure-suit’ has been produced. 1949 Startling Stories Sept. 125/2 The multiple layers of my pressure suit had made movement very difficult. 1962 in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 244 G-suits are not to be confused with pressure suits (or, now, spacesuits). 1992 B. Bova Mars 3 Through the thick insulation of his pressure suit helmet Jamie could hear nothing except his own excited breathing. pressure switch n. a switch that is tripped when the pressure of a fluid reaches a certain value. ΚΠ 1919 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News & Sentinel 1 Aug. 5/1 He will have full charge of the inspection and testing of all pressure switches. 1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) vi. 106/1 Pressure switches may also be applied to systems requiring that warning or indication be given of changes in pressure. 1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 59/3 (caption) A typical installation on a narrowboat, with pump, primary filter, pressure switch and accumulator tank. pressure tank n. a tank in which a fluid, esp. fuel, is held under pressure. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > receptacle > for liquids vata1225 vessel1340 cistern1382 reservoir1686 tank1690 pressure tank1862 storage tank1897 pillow tank1951 1851 Times 8 Feb. 2/4 With respect to the low pressure tanks, he was told that the low pressure main, which ought to have been charged, was not charged.] 1862 Electrician 10 Jan. 115/2 (heading) Mr. Reid's pressure tank, used in testing cables during manufacture. 1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings viii. 225 A small gravity tank for his machine, to be used when the pressure tank is ventilated by a bullet. 1994 Harrowsmith Country Life Dec. 71/2 The 19-by-11 foot confines of ‘the furnace room’ also accommodate the pressure tank for the water pump. pressure tendency n. Meteorology the net change in atmospheric pressure during a specified interval (usually three hours) prior to the time of observation; cf. earlier barometric tendency n. at barometric adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > change within three hours barometric tendency1916 pressure tendency1939 1939 R. C. Sutcliffe Meteorol. for Aviators xvii. 218 The closest attention should always be given to the pressure tendencies. 1970 F. W. Cole Introd. Meteorol. xiv. 323 While pressure, as such, is not a useful weather parameter, the change in pressure and the pressure tendency are both helpful in developing a forecast. 2000 Weatherwise (Nexis) 1 July 40 It emphasizes..‘Dr. Mel's Forecast at a Glance’, which relies on cloud types and pressure tendencies. pressure-tight adj. (of a joint, container, etc.) tightly enough constructed to prevent the passage of a fluid under pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific watertight1489 wind-tight1507 wind and water tighta1550 weatherproof1647 weather-tight1648 wind-fast1648 airtight1728 steam-tight1765 waterproofed1813 gas-tight1819 acid-proof1844 gas-proof1846 oil-tight1847 mudproof1897 pressure-tight1899 draught-proof1908 weather-stripped1908 spill-proof1920 vacuum-tight1927 splash-proof1929 vapour-proof1946 1899 Bot. Gaz. 27 267 Such a joint will be pressure tight. 1946 Nature 21 Dec. 897/2 Pressurization of cabins for high-altitude flying now appears to be essential... This creates a fresh outlook on the body structure, which now has to be a pressure-tight shell. 1963 R. Hammond Automatic Welding ii. 85 Eight spot welds fix the spider to the rim, eliminating rivet holes and ensuring a pressure-tight joint. 1992 Ships Monthly Apr. 14/2 Internally the submarine is divided into three water and pressure tight compartments by two transverse bulkheads. pressure tightness n. the condition of being pressure-tight. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > water- or air-pressure-tight closure Hermes' seal1605 hermetic seal1663 watertightness1826 pressure tightness1945 1945 Materials & Methods XXII. 1750 (caption) A bronze flame thrower part which required pressure tightness and chemical resistance on the part of the sealant. 2003 Designfax (Nexis) 1 Nov. 42 Pressure tightness and metallurgical soundness meet the most stringent specifications. pressure tone n. Music rare a rapid crescendo on a single note; cf. pressure-note n. ΚΠ 1877 J. Curwen Musical Theory 242 A rapid crescendo on a single tone is called a Pressure tone, and is indicated thus ?. It naturally expresses prayerful and beseeching pleading. 1881 J. Curwen & J. S. Curwen How to read Music xv. 67 Marks for Single Notes. Pressure tone (?), rapid cres, on single tone. pressure transducer n. a transducer which produces an electrical signal proportional to an applied pressure, used chiefly for measuring pressures. ΚΠ 1949 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 26 327/2 (caption) Final form of electronic pressure transducer. 1963 H. K. P. Neubert Instrument Transducers iv. 348 The main application of piezoelectric pressure transducers has been the ‘engine indicator’ for use with internal-combustion engines, which employs quartz disks or piles of disks. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 116/1 A microtipped pressure transducer..was then introduced 10 cm into the rectum. pressure vessel n. a vessel designed to contain material, esp. water or steam, at high pressure. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > vessel with contents at high pressure iron bomb1747 pressure vessel1915 1884 Times 29 Aug. 4/1 The thermal effect of gases expanding from a high pressure vessel through a porous plug.] 1915 G. B. Haven & G. W. Swett (title) The design of steam boilers and pressure vessels. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students x. 196 The bomb..is a pressure vessel, made of steel, of about 650 c.c. capacity. 1960 Pract. Wireless 36 298/1 X-ray photographs of the welds in the pressure vessel of a nuclear power station. 2001 Model Engineer 186 111/2 Boiler testers are usually nominated and selected for their knowledge and experience on the subject of pressure vessels and associated equipment. pressure washer n. a cleaning device which uses a jet of pressurized water, now often comprising a hose with a lance-like nozzle. ΚΠ 1920 Mansfield (Ohio) News 22 Apr. 11/1 A pressure washer which washes [bottles] by steam and hot water will be installed. 1995 Classic Critters: Rare Breeds Mag. Summer 17/1 If the trailer has rubber mats on a wooden floor, remove them so that you can clean the deck with a pressure washer. pressure welding n. Engineering welding in which pressure is applied to the parts to be joined; welding brought about by pressure (deliberately or inadvertently). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > types of butt welding1878 lead burning1886 arc welding1890 thermite process1905 thermite welding1906 resistance welding1908 spot welding1908 seam welding1917 fusion welding1918 projection welding1918 stud welding1918 metal arc welding1926 pressure welding1926 metallic arc welding1927 flash-butt welding1933 flash welding1933 stitch welding1934 rightward welding1936 block welding1943 submerged-arc welding1945 friction welding1946 T.I.G.1960 microwelding1962 1926 B. Stoughton & A. Butts Engin. Metall. vii. 137 (heading) Electric heating for pressure welding. 1954 H. Udin et al. Welding for Engineers iii. 34 Oxyacetylene pressure welding is accomplished by butting together under pressure the two pieces of metal to be joined and heating the junction by oxyacetylene torches. 1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxii. 435 In extrusion, the great pressure developed between the metal and the die can lead to sticking, due to pressure welding. 2002 Mod. Machine Shop (Nexis) 1 July 92 The use of sharp edges helps to prevent pressure welding, too. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pressuren.² Brit. /ˈprɛʃə/, U.S. /ˈprɛʃər/ Forms: late Middle English 1700s pressure; English regional (Yorkshire) 1600s preaser, 1800s– pressur, 1800s– prissur. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French presure. Etymology: < Middle French presure (French présure , also †pressure (1611 in Cotgrave)) rennet (c1200 in Old French; earlier as prisure (end of the 12th cent. in Old French)) < an unattested post-classical Latin form prensura < classical Latin prēns-* , past participial stem of prendere prend v. + -ūra -ure suffix¹, perhaps so called with reference to the use of rennet as a curdling agent. Compare post-classical Latin presura, pressura (from 13th cent. in British sources; < French). Now English regional (Yorkshire) and rare. Rennet, esp. as food for a hawk. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > rennet cheeselipeOE runningOE yearning1371 congealinga1398 renninga1398 rueninga1398 rundlesa1400 curd?1440 rendles1440 pressure1486 rennet?a1500 ruen1510 runnet1577 rennet bag1611 earning1615 coagulum1658 cheese rennet1671 steep1688 stomach-bag1704 vell1724 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. c vii/b (MED) Take pressure made of a lombe that was borne in vntyme..and put it in a gut of a coluer and fede her therwith. 1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale 69 I stale a Keslup, Nan, fra thy Fatther, Which made me a deel of dainty preaser. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Back-worm Take a Pressure made of a Lamb that was slink'd, and make thereof two or three Pieces, which put into the Gut of a Dove or the like Fowl, and feed your Hawk therewith. 1891 in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 12 51/1 In the north of Yorkshire I have often heard the word prissur or pressur used for rennet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pressurev. Brit. /ˈprɛʃə/, U.S. /ˈprɛʃər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pressure n.¹ Etymology: < pressure n.¹ Compare pressurize v. Originally North American. 1. a. transitive. To apply pressure to, esp. to coerce or persuade by applying psychological or moral pressure. Frequently with into or infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > pressurize to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853 squeeze1888 pressure1911 high-pressure1925 to put the lug on1929 to put the squeeze on1941 pressurize1945 to turn the heat on1957 to lean on1960 1911 tr. J.-P. Turcotte in Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 21 Apr. 7516 Extreme protection brought the formation of gigantic trusts, which pressured the consumers, who are now in open revolt against that regime. 1930 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 5 Aug. 10/2 Branson charges he was not legally divorced from his first wife in 1930 and that the present Mrs. Branson, who had been his secretary, ‘pressured’ him into the ceremony. 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 6 Oct. 7/3 You can't pressure the War Labor Board into action through strikes. 1951 L. Z. Hobson Celebrity (1953) x. 140 It's too bad Gregory Johns is so set against public appearances, but even the studio isn't trying to pressure him. 1971 H. Cheetham Portrait of Oxf. xiii. 202 The trouble about an Oxford education..is that no-one..pressures you into working. 1973 Houston Chron. 21 Oct. 12/1 Congress is being pressured to ease the auto emission standard. 2003 Guardian 4 Jan. i. 2/5 Pilots are routinely pressured to take dextroamphetamines—known to the troops as ‘go pills’. b. intransitive. To exert pressure, to press or agitate. Frequently with for. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > pressurize to put (also keep) the screw (also screws) on1659 to crowd the mourners1842 to bring pressure to bear1853 to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853 pressure1922 to be on someone's wheel1941 to twist (someone's) arm1953 1922 Printers' Ink 9 Mar. 145/1 Consumer pressure is forsooth an excellent thing, but while it is pressuring I will help my dealer to meet it on the way in. 1941 Los Angeles Times 19 Jan. 5/3 Winston Churchill had been pressuring for an American declaration of war to boost the morale of small European states and the British people. 1973 J. Goodfield Courier to Peking i. iii. 45 You personally have never pressured for unlimited resources. 2004 Nat. Catholic Reporter 24 Sept. 13/1 After helping to force the resignation of President Abdalá Bucaram..they pressured for a constituent assembly to rewrite the country's constitution. c. transitive. To gain through the application of pressure. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by pressure pressure1944 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 7 May 8/3 He intervened himself and pressured a better settlement for the unions. 1952 Sun (Baltimore) 22 Mar. 6/4 Other strong unions will now immediately pressure comparable or greater gains for their own people. 1994 Detroit Free Press (Nexis) 15 Sept. 4 c Owners and players have, however, been uncompromising, and now there is no World Series or deadline to pressure a settlement. 2005 Times (Nexis) 20 Jan. 9 They have used the press, leaking documents to try and pressure a settlement. 2. transitive. To apply physical pressure to, to press, to pressurize. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > [verb (transitive)] > compress, etc. (air, gas, or container) compressa1676 recompress1873 decompress1905 pressurize1940 depressurize1944 repressurize1947 pressure1961 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Pressure, to increase or intensify pressure in; pressurize. 1979 Daily Tel. 8 June 2/1 The engine on the right would have continued to pressure the No. 3 [hydraulic] system under normal circumstances. 1998 C. Irwin & B. Weber Horses don't Lie (2001) iii. 58 We're pushing a horse by moving into his space and pressuring his Go button at the flanks. 2000 R. Wistreich in J. Potter Cambr. Compan. Singing xv. 179 Adult men and women can also force the chest voice higher in a similar way to children, by pressuring the larynx upwards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1384n.²1486v.1911
随便看	remontants remontoire remontoiring remoor remoot remora remoral remoralization remoralize remoras remorate remorating remord remordency remordent remorder remording remore remorphize remorse remorse of conscience remorse of equity remorse of mind remorse-filled remorse-smitten

pressuren.1

Compounds

pressuren.2

pressurev.

pressuren.¹

pressuren.²