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primern.1  Brit.  /ˈprʌɪmə/, /ˈprɪmə/, U.S. /ˈprɪmər/, /ˈpraɪmər/ (in sense 2d) Brit. /ˈprɪmə/, U.S. /ˈprɪmər/, New Zealand English /ˈprɪmə/Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin primarius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin primarius, primarium prayer book or devotional manual (frequently from early 14th cent. in British sources; also as primerum (1323 in a British source)), probably use as noun of masculine and neuter respectively of classical Latin prīmārius primary adj., or perhaps < prima prime n.1 + classical Latin -ārius , -ārium -er suffix2. Compare Anglo-Norman primer devotional manual for the laity (late 14th cent. or earlier). Compare primer adj.In long primer n. at sense 3b, great primer n. at sense 3a probably transferred uses of sense 1; compare discussion at pica n.1, and also brevier n., canon n.1 Pronunciation with ‘short’ i (/ɪ/) is original (and is still usual in senses relating to type); pronunciation (in the other senses) with ‘long’ i (now /ʌɪ/) seems to be first recorded in British dictionaries of the late 19th cent. and is the primary one given in all editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > other books > [noun] > devotional book 1378 in M. T. Löfvenberg (1946) 102 (MED) [One red] primer. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vi. 46 (MED) The lomes þat ich laboure with and lyflode deserue Ys pater-noster and my prymer. 1434 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 102 (MED) Y bequethe to Robert Sharp, goddis child..a prymmer for to serve god with. ?1460 G. Boleyn in (2004) II. 224 My Maister Fastolf..by his othe made on his primer ther, grauntted and promitted to me to have the maner of Guton. 1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan (1811) Pref. p. vii Wt my great masse booke, and also the great prymar, whiche before daies I gave to my wif. 1530 J. Palsgrave 183 Vnes hevres, a primer or a mattyns boke. 1545 (title) The Primer, set foorth by the Kynges maiestie and his Clergie, to be taught, lerned, and read: and none other to be vsed throughout all his dominions. 1553 (title) A prymmer or boke of priuate prayer nedeful to be vsed of al faythfull Christianes. Whiche boke is auctorysed and set fourth by the kinges maiestie, to be taughte, learned, redde and vsed of al hys louynge subiectes. 1605 Gunpowder Plot in (Malh.) III. 25 Having, upon a primer, given each other the oath of secrecy. 1656 T. Blount Primer, a Prayer book of the Romanists so called; containing the Office of the Virgin Mary. 1686 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 504 One Hall, who styled himselfe his Majesties Printer..for the printing Missals, Offices, Lives of Saints, Portals, Primers &c: books expressly forbidden to be printed or sold, &c by divers Acts of Parliament. 1716 M. Davies II. 116 All Prayers to Saints were to be struck out of the Primmers, publish'd by the late King. 1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in No. 23. 118 (note) The primer contained a collection of prayers, psalms, hymns. 1846 W. Maskell II. xliii Having thus shewn..these later prymers..and the present manuscript may almost said to be identical, I do not think that the title ‘Prymer’ is an improper one to give. 1959 6 227 In England, this prayer was often reprinted in the old Sarum primers (at least until 1558). 1997 E. A. Livingstone (ed. 3) 1327/2 The Primer contained the Little Office of the BVM, followed by the seven penitential Psalms, the 15 Gradual Psalms, the Litany of the Saints and the Office for the dead. 2. society > communication > reading > [noun] > reading matter > reading book for learners c1390 G. Chaucer 1707 This litel child his litel book lernynge, As he sat in the scole at his prymer, He Alma redemptoris herde synge. c1500 lf. 29 b (Somerset Ho.) The prymmer that she lernyth vppon. c1537 (title) The Primer in English for children, after the vse of Sarum. 1539 (title) The Primer in English most necessary for the education of children. a1617 P. Baynes (1634) 82 It is a good primmer for us to spell in. 1639 in S. Tymms (1850) 176 For the buyeing and provideing of horne bookes and primers to be giuen to poore children of the said parish of St Maries. 1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 37 in J. Swift et al. But for which..the Substance of many a fair Volume might be reduced to the size of a Primmer. 1772 J. Trumbull I. 7 [He] scorns to hesitate or faulter In primmer, spelling-book or psalter. 1810 G. Crabbe xxiv. 329 Where humming Students gilded Primers read. a1839 W. M. Praed (1864) II. 105 The treasured primer's lettered rows. 1902 G. M. Martin 10 But this morning he was at his desk copying from his Primer on to his slate. 1967 W. Styron ii. 209 I had begun to teach him..to read, using my Bible as a primer. 1992 Fall 82/1 I find Berger's prose at times repetitive and simplistic, reminiscent of a public school primer. 1640 F. Quarles iv. xcix Keepe him from vaine..and amorous Pamphlets as the Primmers of all Vice. 1658 J. Robinson i. 4 Thus did Adam, Noah,..teach their Families, by the primmer of divine Traditions. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe II. iii. 250 Spell in lovers' primers sweetly! 1901 Aug. 672/1 In China,..learning is the first primer of power. 1975 3 Mar. 61/1 The stream is a white-water primer, for it is flowing much like a riverine rapid, which is what it is, scaled down. 2005 (Nexis) 12 Dec. His work as a political journalist proved to be an excellent primer for presenting the interests of his employers. society > communication > book > kind of book > textbook or book of instructions > [noun] > introductory 1722 F. Lee 46 Being as a sort of Hebrew Primer; and that as such it must be very agreeable to the State of the Jewish Church. 1846 (title) Primer of the Irish language. 1875 (title of series) Science Primers, edited by Professors Huxley, Roscoe, and Balfour Stewart. 1895 E. Clodd (title) Primer of Evolution. 1920 T. S. Eliot 148 An American writer of a little primer of Dante, Mr. Henry Dwight Sidgwick, who desires to improve our understanding of Dante as a ‘spiritual leader’. 1937 12 Apr. 52/1 Shown on this and subsequent pages are photographs from Dr. Mensendieck's more popularly-priced $3 exercise primer, It's Up to You. 1973 J. Bronowski v. 166 When the poet Geoffrey Chaucer in 1391 wrote a primer to teach his son how to use the astrolabe, he copied it from an Arab astronomer of the eighth century. 2005 (Nexis) 5 Mar. d18 He labours with his old Greek primer to make a personal translation of The Odyssey as a way to keep from going barking mad. society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils > form or class society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils > form or class > pupil in 1885 S. O. Jewett vii. 94 He was a big boy at school when I was a little one in the primer. 1928 (N.Z. Dept. Educ.) 55 Where there are three teachers: Primers do infant work; Squad I, Tables 1–36; [etc.]. 1947 ‘A. P. Gaskell’ 92 There was Micky, her [sc. the teacher's] smallest primer, a little wizened creature with sad eyes. 1963 B. Pearson i. 8 She had taught in the primers of his school when he was in Standard six. 1990 (Nexis) 25 Sept. 12 (heading) Maori course for primers. 3. Typography. society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > height of type > names of type sizes 1539 J. Wayland Indenture 1 Sept. (PRO, King's Bench Roll 1121, 28) in (1931) 2 323 The englyshe letter the grete prymer letter the small letter. 1553 Inventory in J. Moran (1960) 38 One forme of the grete primer letter in a chase. 1629 C. Butler sig. Aivv Genera literarum..corporum proceritate distinguuntur: Primier, Pique, English: & supra hæc, Great Primier, Double Pique, Double English. 1683 J. Moxon II. 13 Most Printing-Houses have..Pearl, Nomparel, Brevier, Long-Primmer, Pica, English, Great-Primmer, Double-Pica, Two Lin'd English. 1732 S. Palmer iii. iii. 143 The types with which he [sc. Caxton] printed were peculiar to himself, and easily distinguish'd from any other, being a mixture of secretary and Gothic in shape, the size great primer. 1808 C. Stower 42 12. Great Primer 13. Paragon 14. Double Pica 15. Two-line English..are termed titling letter, being generally used for that purpose. 1871 29 Dec. 4/2 The Lessons are printed, not in verses, but in paragraphs, and in a new fount of ‘great primer’ type. 1910 8 152 The blank space under this line is also identically the same in these quartos, measuring between type bodies 0.4 of an inch, or a pica and a great primer. 1960 G. A. Glaister 159/1 Great primer, the name for a former size of type, now standardized as 18-point. Early printers often referred to this size as Bible Text from its use in Bibles. 2002 (Nexis) 3 May 50 Before the point system was invented, typefaces of particular sizes were given names that were derived from the jobs they were most frequently used on... ‘Great Primer’ (18pt) was the type size used for The Primer, an English form of public prayer. society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > height of type > names of type sizes 1553 Inventory in J. Moran (1960) 38 Duo formes of the longe primer letter in pages. 1598 Ord. Stationers' Co. in T. B. Reed (1887) 129 Those in brevier and long primer letters at a penny for one sheet and a half. 1612 S. Sturtevant xiii. 89 The Long-primer, the Pica, the Italica. 1683 J. Moxon II. 13 Most Printing-Houses have..Pearl, Nomparel, Brevier, Long-Primmer, Pica, [etc.]. a1790 B. Franklin (1981) i. 62 It was a Folio, Pro Patria Size in Pica, with Long Primer Notes. 1882 44 The Book of Common Prayer. Long Primer, 24mo. 1909 23 114/1 No system or consistent plan is discernible in the use of brevier and long-primer type. 1983 34 370/2 The statement that pica is used for the first four sheets of Q1 Romeo, and long primer for the remainder, is incorrect. Compounds C1. General attributive. 1545 (STC 16034) Injunct. sig. ***.iv For the auoydyng of the dyuersytie of primer bookes that are nowe abroade..whiche minister occasion of contentions. a1790 R. Henry (1793) VI. ii. ii.464 He published a manual of prayers, which he strictly commanded all his subjects to use in their private devotions... This was called the King's Primer Book. 1842 W. G. Simms I. viii. 86 He died, like that blessed man, John Rogers, that we see in the primer books, leaving a wife with eleven children and one at the breast. 1932 5 679 Even down in tiny Samoa..one may observe children..conning day after day charts and primer books in the English language as required by the government. 2005 (Nexis) 1 Oct. 7 a She colored the pages in her primer book. C2. society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school a1680 S. Charnock (1682) 136 The Law..could no more Spiritualize the heart, than the teachings in a Primer-School can enable the mind, and make it fit for affairs of State. 1875 Mar. 613/2 Maria opened a boarding-house, did machine sewing by the yard, taught a primer school. 1993 (Nexis) 15 Jan. 21 Hillary Jacobs is confident that Mt. Washington Elementary School, one of the city's premier primer schools, would retain its reputation even without GATE. 1903 Oct. 368/1 I have passed this primer-state of religious emotion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). primern.2 Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.2, -er suffix1. Etymology: Apparently < prime v.2 (although this is apparently attested slightly later) + -er suffix1. Compare priming n.1 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-wire 1497 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 100 Wire for prymers. 1627 J. Smith xiv. 68 His Primer is a small long peece of iron, sharpe at the small end to pierce the Cartrage thorow the toutch hole. 1826 W. Scott I. viii. 186 Poize your musket—Rest your musket—Cock your musket—Handle your primers—and many other forgotten words of discipline. the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > paint > types of society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > substance used for a1650 E. Norgate (Tanner 326) (1919) 82 A Diana sleeping, as bigg as the life, drawne upon a Cloth primed in Oyle of a whitish primer. 1688 R. Holme iii. 369/2 By this Instrument [sc. the Priming Knife] are all sorts of Cloths laid over with their first colour, which is called Primer. 1703 R. Neve 215 Spanish-brown, Spanish-white, and Red-lead,..ground with Linseed-oyl, will make excellent Primer. 1770 W. Salmon 85 One Pound of First Primer, ground in Oil, will paint twenty square Yards. 1885 Jan. 20/1 The lithogen primer..is manufactured as a priming for plaster, stone, brick, and wood-work... It is claimed, that one coat of the primer will so effectually seal the pores of the materials above named..that no other sizing will be found necessary. 1937 13 Apr. (Brit. Motor Suppl.) p. xiii/1 Before colour can be applied the body undergoes a number of preparatory stages, being thoroughly washed down with an acid cleaner and afterwards with hot and cold water, and dried off in preparation for the first coat of primer. 1976 11 Nov. 8/3 These were then given a ‘primer’ coat of lime plaster—almost like white-wash—and the geometrical designs painted on. 1993 June 50/1 A woman came out to the rig in a Ford Falcon with one fender painted in red primer and two hubcaps missing. 3. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer 1819 4 185 The flash of fire from the end of the primer communicates fire, by the touch-hole, to the gunpowder contained in the barrel. 1838 P. Hawker (1893) II. 138 Had not my primer missed fire, [I] should have had about 30 geese at another shot. 1890 W. J. Gordon 21 In the large turret-guns the primer is fired by electricity, entirely under command of the officer on duty. 1931 C. E. Munroe & J. E. Tiffany 42 The remaining cartridges..are then slit, loaded in the borehole, and tamped down around and in front of the primer. 1993 Feb. 31/2 If the cartridge primers are just slightly too sensitive, the danger of a slam-fire, or premature ignition, is a real possibility. the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [noun] > molecule that serves as a starting material for 1954 A. Cantarow & B. Schepartz xvii. 391 A ‘primer’ of branched polysaccharide, the main linkages of which are α-1,4, is essential for the action of animal phosphorylase. 1963 49 533 (heading) Formation of DNA-RNA hybrids with single-stranded DNA as primer. 1965 M. W. Neil (ed. 2) xii. 182 Polysaccharide synthesis involving the addition of uridine diphosphate-bound units to a primer chain is widespread in nature, and is the mechanism whereby such macromolecules as cellulose, chitin, starch and the mucopolysaccharides, in addition to glycogen, are elaborated. 1977 D. E. Metzler xv. 903/2 The enzyme displays many of the properties expected of a DNA-synthesizing enzyme. It requires a template strand of DNA as well as a shorter primer strand. 1995 T. A. Brown (ed. 3) 231 The primers are the key to the success or failure of a PCR experiment. the world > life > biology > balance of nature > external influences > [noun] > pheromone 1963 E. O. Wilson & W. H. Bossert in 19 675 We propose to distinguish the releaser effect, involving the classical stimulus-response mediated wholly by the central nervous system, from the primer effect, in which the endocrine and reproductive..systems are altered physiologically. 1975 20 Nov. 194/2 The action of pheromones is commonly divided into two classes..: chemical ‘releasers’ of specific acts of behaviour, and ‘primers’ which seem to act initially on the endocrine system. 1992 B. 162 588 This pheromonal primer effect may function as a key regulating element in maintaining eusocial colony homeostasis. †4. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > workers with other materials > [noun] > with explosives 1890 18 Sept. 7/2 When compounded, it has still to be packed into the detonator cases by the primer. The primer's work is done upon a copper-plate, perforated like a cullender. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > preparer of surface 1896 15 Feb. 10/4 Canvas Primer Wanted. Must be thoroughly experienced in preparing all kinds of Artist's Canvas. society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > pumps 1916 16 Dec. 13 (advt.) The Imperial Primer is just as necessary on cars having self-starters because it saves the batteries. 1923 (Brit. Engin. Standards Assoc.) 48 Engine primer, a device for supplying fuel to the induction pipe or combustion chambers to facilitate starting. 1932 C. H. Chatfield & C. F. Taylor (ed. 2) x. 225 In automobiles this temporary excess of fuel for starting is supplied by means of the choke but for airplane engines a primer is usually used. 1939 2 256 Always turn off the primer after use. 1992 July 21/2 Simply run through the short pre-start check list, turn the key and away she goes. Even when cold, no more than four pumps of the primer usually suffice. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † primern.3Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime adj., -er suffix1. Etymology: < prime adj. + -er suffix1. Compare post-classical Latin primarius leading man, leader (Vetus Latina), Anglo-Norman primer first person (early 14th cent. or earlier), Middle French primier (adjective) first (late 15th cent. or earlier). Compare later premier n. Obsolete. rare. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > firstness > [noun] > first one 1596 W. Warner (rev. ed.) ix. Ded. 210 Such as that Henrie (Primer of you Hunsdon Barons) bee Your Lordshippe, to your Countrie. 1625 F. Markham i. x. 37 When I looke..into the great Antiquitie of your Noble House (being in descent the Primere of our Nation). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † primern.4Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.3, -er suffix1. Etymology: < prime v.3 + -er suffix1. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prəi·məɹ) /ˈpraɪmə(r)/. Obsolete. rare. the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > pruning or lopping > pruner 1611 R. Cotgrave Arborateur, a planter, primer, dresser, breeder of trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2018). primeradj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French primer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman primer, premer first (beginning of the 13th cent. or earlier; compare Old French primer , (rare) premer (end of the 10th cent.)) < classical Latin prīmārius primary adj. Compare Old Occitan primer (c1070), premer (c1150), Catalan primer (11th cent.), Spanish primero (1155), Portuguese primeiro (13th cent. as prymeyro ), and ( < French) Italian primiero (1353; 12th cent. as premera (feminine singular)). Compare earlier primary adj., and also premier adj., prime adj., primar adj.Apparently attested earlier as a surname, although it is unclear whether this is to be interpreted as showing currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word: Borkhard Primer (1287). the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > primitive or early 1448 Will of Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) I. 353 (MED) Hit hath liked vnto oure lord forto suffre and graunte me grace for the prymer notable werk purposed by me. a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis (1927) 468 (MED) Thys primer day, os scripture doth devisse, Of deys all þe fyrst and principall, The world was made and crist frome deth did ryse. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. xx. 40 They to enioye them as in their primer state. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe 255 All thynges may be referred to this, as to the primer cause efficient. 1622 M. Drayton xxiv. 78 Saint Lucius (call'd of vs) the primer christned King. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being the best > [adjective] 1589 W. Warner (new ed.) vi. xxix. 127 These primer Yorkests. 1602 W. Warner (rev. ed.) xiii. lxxvi. 316 The Primer Mouers violence. 1637 W. Crowne (title page) Lord Howard, Earle of Arundell and Surrey, Primer Earle, and Earle Marshall of England. 1660 (ed. 4) iv. vii. 293 The..Mercers, being the primer Company of the City of London. 1747 tr. II. 212 The contemptible pity of the primer sort. Compounds society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for legal process or document a1634 E. Coke (1642) 511 A Writ of covenant is brought to levy a fine of land, of the yearly value of v. marks, there is vi.s. viij.d. due presently [i.e. at once] for the primer fine, or fine in the Hamper. 1766 W. Blackstone II. xxi. 350 On this writ there is due to the king, by antient prerogative, a primer fine, or a noble for every five marks of land sued for; that is, one tenth of the annual value. 1794 W. Cruise (ed. 3) 23 The king's silver, which is sometimes called the post-fine, with respect to the primer fine, due on the original writ, is an antient revenue of the crown. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > of first year's profits 1488 VI. 415/2 Savyng to the King and his Heires, the avantage of his primer cession of thos Landes. 1540 c. 1 Saving alway and reserving to the King..all his right title and interest of prymer season and reliefis, and..all other rightes and dueties. 1629 Vse of Law 38 in J. Doddridge The 4. Institution, was for Recognizon of the Kings bounty by euery heire succeeding his ancestor in those Knts. seruice lands, the King should haue Primer seissin of the lands. 1672 T. Manley sig. Fff2b All the charges arising by Primer seisins are taken away by the Stat. made 12 Car. 2. ca. 24. 1891 XXVI. 85/1 He had sent them a bill concerning wards and primer seisin, to mitigate the loss of feudal dues sustained by the crown through the legal device called ‘uses’ for willing away lands. 1951 66 527 The king could then offer to comply with their wishes against the Church if they complied with his wishes regarding wards and primer seisin. 2002 R. C. Palmer viii. 235 The bill of primer seisin would have only put a third of an inheritance into wardship, as would the statute of wills finally in 1540. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.11378 n.21497 n.31596n.41611 adj.1448 |