| 释义 |
primitiven.adj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French primitif; Latin prīmitīvus. Etymology: < Middle French, French primitif (adjective) original, first, early, ancient (all early 14th cent. in Old French), (of a word) radical, not derived (1550), designating a prime number (1684 in nombre primitif ), designating the main trunk of a blood vessel (1732 in the passage translated in quot. 1733 at sense B. 7a), designating mountains formed in the earliest geological period (1759), designating a parent language (1765), unsophisticated (1794 in sociology in peuples primitifs , plural), designating a fundamental crystalline form (1801), as a term in logic (1821 in proposition primitive ), designating pre-Renaissance painters (1843), as a term in algebra (1854; compare sense B. 6b), designating self-taught naive painters whose painting resembles that of pre-Renaissance artists (1889), and its etymon classical Latin prīmitīvus early, first-formed, in post-classical Latin also original, archetypal (4th cent.), (of a word) radical, not derived (from 4th cent. in grammarians) < prīmitīae primitiae n. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Catalan primitiu (14th cent.), Spanish primitivo (early 15th cent. or earlier), Portuguese primitivo (15th cent.), Italian primitivo (first half of the 14th cent.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin primitivus (masculine) firstborn, first believer, believer chosen by God (Vetus Latina), primitiva (neuter plural) first-fruits, firstborn, birthright (Vetus Latina), primitivum (neuter singular) word from which another is derived (from 4th cent. in grammarians).With Primitive Church at sense B. 2a compare Old French primitive yglise (early 14th cent.; French primitive église ), Middle French, French église primitive (c1325 as eglise primitive ), post-classical Latin ecclesia primitiva (6th cent.; also primitiva ecclesia (a1364 in the passage translated in quot. ?a1475)), all in same sense; compare also post-classical Latin ecclesia primitivorum church of the firstborn (Vetus Latina, Vulgate). In sense B. 6c after German primitiv ( S. Lie Theorie der Transformationsgruppen (1888) I. xiii. 221). In sense B. 8 after French primitif (in montagnes primitives (plural): J. G. Lehmann Traités de physique, d'histoire naturelle, de minéralogie et de métallurgie (1759) III. iii. 217). In sense B. 10 after French primitif ( R . J. Haüy Traité de minéralogie (1801) I. 19). In sense B. 13 after Italian primitivo (G. Peano 1897, in Atti della Reale Accad. delle Sci. di Torino 32 568). With sense A. 7 compare French fonction primitive in same sense (1797; the use as noun is apparently not paralleled in French until later (1930)). In β forms apparently influenced by primate n.1, primate adj. A. n. I. General senses. †1. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > first-born child c1400 (Selwyn) (1904) xii. 23 Ȝe beþ y-come..to þe cumpany of many þousandes of aungeles, & to þe churche of primytyfes [L. Ecclesiam primitivorum] þat beþ y-wryten to-gedere in hefenes. ?a1450 in C. von Nolcken (1979) 83 (MED) Þe primtyues or first of al bestes first geten, and al þe sacrificez of al þings þat be offered schal be þe prestez. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] > first ancestor or patriarch the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > ancestor 1486 in J. Raine (1890) 54 I [sc. Ebrauk] am premative of your progenie. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 771 in (1931) I. 79 Ȝe bene all Degenerit frome ȝour holy prematyuis. a1676 M. Hale (1677) ii. vii. 201 The various kinds of Dogs..might in their Primitives be of one Species. 2. society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > in earliest times 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 771 in (1931) I. 79 Ȝe bene all Degenerit frome ȝour holy prematyuis, As testyfeis the proces of ȝour lyuis.] 1602 W. Watson Pref. sig. Aiijv Did not then the primitiues of the East Church amongst the Christians carry away the auriflambe of all religious Zeale? 1653 Bp. J. Taylor xiii. 173 The fervors of the Apostles, and other holy primitives. 1661 M. Stevenson 7 Look back upon the Church, you may derive Its Institution from the Primitive. 1686 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 503 The severall afflictions of the Church of Christ, from the primitives to this day. 1701 J. Taylor v. 320 Amongst the holy Primitives, they who contended for the best things, and lov'd God greatly, were curious even of little things. 1788 J. Skinner I. 44 It still remains to be shewn when that nice distinction between the two ‘primitives’ began, and that there were Monks..in the church before Bishops. the world > people > person > person of ancient times > [noun] society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > original inhabitant 1779 T. Forrest 273 The Haraforas, who seem to be the primitives of the island. 1895 13 May 6/3 The effects sought here relate to the ‘primitives’ of the Irish heroic age. a1936 R. Kipling (1937) vii. 184 Out of the woods..came two dark and mysterious Primitives. 1972 2 Feb. 7/1 The primitives fight for their territories and economic planners insist that the vast region must be opened. 1992 S. Heilman Prol. p. xvii He describes his long search for the true primitives whom he hoped to discover upriver in the jungle. 1822 Ld. Byron Vision Judgm. xlviii, in (1896) 158/2 Five millions of the primitive, who hold The faith which makes ye great on earth, implored A part of that vast all they held of old. 1887 T. Hardy vii. 125 A change constituting a sudden lapse from the ornate to the primitive on Nature's canvas, and comparable to a retrogressive step from the art of an advanced school of painting to that of the Pacific Islander. 1926 23 578 He alone in an age given to extolling the primitive and the original understood the moral life to be a struggle to refashion nature. 1979 R. Copeland in R. Copeland & M. Cohen (1983) iv. 308 Abstract expressionism can be thought of as the culminating phase of modern art's love affair with the primitive. 1982 R. Littlewood & M. Lipsedge iii. 73 Emotional difficulties which in the civilized led to self-doubt and questioning apparently passed unnoticed by the primitive. 1990 Oct. 43/2 The myths associate hair with the instinctive, the sexual, the primitive. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [noun] > uncultured person 1967 M. McCarthy 9 If he called them ‘Charlie’.., he was either an infatuated civilian, a low-grade primitive in uniform, or a fatuous military mouthpiece. 1991 A. D. Foster ii. 23 Unequipped to correctly interpret her means of locomotion, the primitives of this world satisfied themselves with comforting rationalizations. 2000 Feb. 66/1 The writers of The Sopranos can't hide a sneaky admiration for balls-for-brains primitives who don't censor their words or actions. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] > the first part or beginning > the earliest stage(s) 1602 W. Watson 52 Probably..in the primitiues of their institutions they had better, lowlier, and more religious spirits then now they haue. 1609 I. Exod. xxix. 28 They are the primitives and beginninges of their pacifique victimes which they offer to the Lord. the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] the world > matter > colour > [noun] > primary colours 1628 T. Spencer 139 These arguments haue the same force to argue, that the primitiues haue, from which they are derived. a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum (1848) 211 Yellow, red, and blue... These three uncompounded primitives. 1809 W. Maclure in 6 ii. 413 The primitive to the eastward of Hudson's river constitutes the highest mountains, while the little transition and secondary that is found, occupies the low grounds. 1846 R. T. Hampson (title) Origines Patriciæ, or a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility and Dignified Offices from their Primitive. 1858 G. Barnard 29 The term harmonic has been applied to accidental colours because the primitive and its accidental colour harmonise with each other in painting. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Methodism > Methodist sects and groups > [noun] > primitive > person 1855 J. R. Leifchild 303 Those worthy though singular people, the Primitives of Redruth. 1885 3 Nov. 13/3 Even in a village like this, the Wesleyans and Primitives prefer their chapel to the parish church. 1906 15 135 The ‘Primitives’ in their little thatched and clay-lump chapel. 1957 R. F. Wearmouth v Traditions deriving from the Wesleyans may have inhibited the genius of the Primitives. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey 232/2 Primitives, primitive methodists; the Zionists, etc. II. Special and technical senses. 6. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > word from which others are derived c1450 in D. Thomson (1984) 36 How many pronounes be ther? XV:..VIII be primitiues, videlicet ego, tu, sui, ille, ipse, iste, hic and is, and vij beth deriuatyfys, videlicet meus, tuus, suus, noster and vester, nostras and vestras. How many of these primityfys be demonstratyfys? Ego, tu, iste and hic. c1450 in D. Thomson (1984) 21 And qwy be þi [read þei] primitiuys? For þei take here begynnyng of noon oþer. 1530 J. Palsgrave 74 Of pronownes some be primitives, some be derivatives. 1565 T. Cooper *iv Whether the worde be a Primitiue, or Deriuatiue deduced of some other. 1662 J. A. Comenius lxxxi. 183 By reducing the words compound to the simples, and those derived to the primitives, with the original searched out, you shall term it a lexicon. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1658 (1955) III. 207 He..got by heart almost the intire Vocabularie of Latine & french primitives & words. 1755 S. Johnson Pref. B j b Of thieflike or coachdriver no notice was needed, because the primitives contain the meaning of the compounds. 1759 A. Smith (1790) 451 All the words in the Greek Language are derived from about 300 primitives. 1814 J. Marshman 36 If we then add the 214 elements to the 1689 primitives, we shall have one thousand nine hundred and three characters producing nearly the whole language. 1876 T. Le M. Douse §17. 34 The meanings of the several primitives are in general so widely different that the homonymous derivatives remain to all time clearly distinguished in use. 1909–10 L. Bloomfield in C. F. Hockett (1970) 1 Derivative nouns and verbs also stand..in a definite ablaut relation to their primitives. 1975 51 969 It. bozz-ello..is an authentic derivative from bozza; while bosel, bossel, bozel in Renaissance French is a cluster of completely isolated forms lacking a primitive—a situation which reflects on the grammatical status of -el. 1992 R. DeMaria in C. Blank I. 23 It shows some scholarly sophistication on Johnson's part to..ridicule the old style etymology that imagined it would be possible to locate the primitives of any language in older extant languages. society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > Chinese 1855 5 224 Chinese scholars generally allow that the principle of combined symbolism applies to many of the compound phonetics, or primitives, and to very many combinations of radicals with primitives. 1874 S. W. Williams p. lvi/1 That part of a character which is not the radical, has no name among the Chinese, but foreigners have termed it the primitive or phonetic. 1907 W. Hillier i. 6 It is possible..by learning these phonetics, or primitives as they are sometimes called, to make a very close guess at the sound of any Chinese character. the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation 1862 12 420 The discovery of the complete primitive of a partial differential equation has been supposed to require a previous knowledge of the integrals of a certain auxiliary system of ordinary differential equations. 1885 A. R. Forsyth i. 8 The relation, which exists between the variables themselves without their differential coefficients and which is the most general one possible, is called sometimes the general solution, and sometimes the primitive, of the differential equation. 1929 T. C. Fry ii. 27 This relation includes every possible solution of the differential equation. It is called the general solution or primitive. 1969 B. Spain i. 9 Obtain the differential equations corresponding to the primitives..y = c log x..[etc.] 1989 W. Gellert et al. (ed. 2) xx. 448 For two such primitives Φ(x) and Ψ(x) of the same integrand f(x) the derivative of Ψ(x)−Φ(x) is identically zero. 8. Art. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [noun] > pre-Renaissance painter society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > primitivism > artist society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > composer > [noun] > naïve society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > other specific styles > user of 1888 28 Aug. 4/5 Examples of pictorial art anterior to the period known as that of the Primitives were inadmissible [to the National Gallery]. 1892 30 Jan. 168/1 O impressionist, do I find you among the primitives? 1910 E. Singleton i. 17 The Last Supper is one of the most profound and best-painted works of the Fifteenth Century; and if one were to make a list of five or six supreme masterpieces of the Flemish Primitives, this would have to be included. 1934 Apr. 214 The Primitives stem from Moussorgsky, through Debussy and the Sacre. 1958 21 Aug. 269/2 The school of the ‘primitives’, represented by John Osborne, Sheelagh Delaney, and..Bernard Kops. 1974 P. De Vries (1975) iii. 39 We respected the artist's [sc. a writer's] reluctance to show portions of work not in sufficiently polished form because we felt..that here was a true primitive. 1999 M. Frayn (2000) 141 The artist appeared as a follower of Bosch and a continuator of the Flemish tradition, the last of the Primitives. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [noun] > pre-Renaissance painter > painting 1895 7 Feb. 3/3 On the left as you enter the room are some notable examples of what may be considered ‘primitives’. 1932 F. F. Sherman p. xv Numerous dealers in antiques..offer them for sale..as ‘primitives’. Primitives they certainly are not... They are worthless as works of art or of antiquity. 1947 G. Greene 155 The first season of ‘primitives’ [sc. films] was announced (a high-brow phrase). 1964 Mrs. L. B. Johnson 20 Jan. (1970) 56 There was also a little American Primitive—just made you merry to look at it. 1995 6 Jan. 15/1 There's some $20 million worth of art on offer, from Italian primitives..to paperweights, spinning wheels, tall-case clocks and model cars. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > implication > proposition involved in 1911 8 708 (heading) The foundations of philosophy. Explicit primitives. 1950 15 130 Hence ϕ and μ as defined above will suffice as the sole primitives for the arithmetic of positive integers. 1960 G. Bergman ii. 44 It is not required that an improved language be interpreted by interpreting separately all, or even any, of its primitives. 1964 M. Black 25 We find Wittgenstein..constantly returning to the theme of the ‘logical indefinables’ or the ‘logical primitives’. 1975 M. A. Slote iii. 41 This notion of (an) experience, like the other notions we have been using as primitives, is not just an arbitrary primitive with which to attempt the definition of the concepts we wish to define. 1991 43 205 It is important to accept that, conceptually, a decision theory must be defined on the primitives which it is logically feasible for a decision maker to use. 10. Computing. society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > set of instructions > limited 1958 1 1 By ‘primitive’ is meant a self-sufficient routine; a second-generation routine is one which calls on one or more primitives. 1971 N. Chapin xiv. 381 An operation may be a macro in one programing language and a primitive in another. 1994 S. M. H. Collin 219/1 Primitive, (in programming) basic routine that can be used to create more complex routines. society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > graphics > image 1968 1 170 Any one of the halfplanes determined by the sides of the polygon will actually be a parallel translation of the halfplanes Hi determined by the chosen directions. These halfplanes play the role of primitives or signs. 1985 Sept. 83/2 Graphic primitives—arcs, lines, etc.—are generated on an internal CRT, with automatic exposure control as standard. 2001 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 27 The first tool is two-dimensional graphics transformation, which can be used to manipulate simple graphics primitives to create the complex animated objects needed. B. adj. I. General senses. the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] α. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 65 (MED) Causis þat makiþ blood to blede out of a mannys body..þer ben þat ben clepid cause of primitif [L. cause primitiue], as smytynge þat woundith, to greet lepinge, criyng; wraþe, chidynge, & so manye oþere.] ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21v Speciale causes bene 3: Primitiuez, antecedentez, and coniuncted; Primitiue [?c1425 Paris primatyf; L. primitiue] causes bene falling & smytyng. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo i. ii. f. 26/2 It commeth of the cause primitiue thoroughe brusynge or breakyng. 1581 Mulcaster (title) Positions wherin those Primitive Circumstances be Examined, which are Necessarie for the Training vp of Children. a1628 J. Preston (1634) 27 God is the primitive, he is the originall, he is the first, the universal cause. 1678 R. Cudworth i. v. 854 Life and Understanding, Soul and Mind are to them, no Simple and Primitive Natures, but Secondary and Derivative. 1715 M. Davies Pref. 27 A Syncronical half-sheet, stil'd, The Proposal,..the primitive Title is much plainer, thus, The Supposal: Or, A New Scheme of Government. 1759 A. Smith i. §iv. i. 99 The word sympathy, in its most proper and primitive signification, denotes our fellow-feeling with the sufferings..of others. 1775 W. Kenrick & J. Murdoch tr. Comte de Buffon II. 16 They have at most only produced different individuals, which has no influence on the unity of each primitive species, and which, on the contrary, confirms the reality of their different characteristics. 1814 H. M. Brackenridge i. iv. 38 This valley is confined by what may be termed, as distinguished from the alluvions, primitive ground. 1846 G. Grote I. i. xv. 387 The primitive ancestor of the Trojan line of kings is Dardanus. 1877 2 73 Whenever an attempt has been made to explain the primitive act of knowing a petitio principii has been committed. 1899 W. H. S. Monck viii. 160 Hence the Sirians are more numerous than the Orionic stars from which they are derived, and the Arcturians more numerous than the Antarians, which were perhaps their primitive form. 1970 A. L. Simon & R. Howe 303/1 In its most primitive form pizza is a round of yeast dough spread with tomatoes and mozzarella cheese and baked in a hot oven. 1992 11 Dec. 19/2 At Stansted, Foster has aimed to reinstate a sense of the primitive purpose of the airport, which is simply a place conveniently to board and alight from aeroplanes. 2. the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > primitive or early society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > in earliest times > collective α. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 6914 (MED) Lettrys..And articles off our creaunce..wer mad..In hooly cherche prymytyff. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 139 (MED) There were thre patriarkes oonly in the primitive churche..oon in Asia at the cite of Anthiochia, the secunde in Affrike at Alexandria, the thridde in Europe at Rome. a1530 W. Bonde (1531) ii. f. xxvii No religyon is founded hytherto, yt so nere representeth ye primityue chirche of Chryst. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil (1846) I. iv. 178 Which good primitive successe purchased him muche quietnes. 1581 J. Hamilton Epist. f. 5 According to the ancient estait of the premetiue kirk. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch 671 The primitive generation came first and immediatly from the earth, but afterwards..they breed their yoong. 1669 J. Flamsteed Let. 24 Nov. in (1995) I. 12 That illustrious body [i.e. the Royal Society], of which you have stood a primitive member. 1732 G. Berkeley II. vi. v. 14 What was uncertain in the primitive times cannot be undoubted in the subsequent. 1795 E. Burke (1844) IV. 285 I wish very much to see..an image of a primitive Christian Church. 1845 J. Train II. xvi. 138 The Monks carry out the dead with psalmody, as was customary in the days of the primitive church. 1858 H. W. Longfellow ix. 89 Like a picture it seemed of the primitive, pastoral ages, Fresh with the youth of the world, and recalling Rebecca and Isaac. a1878 G. G. Scott (1879) I. 5 The great valleys of Egypt and Mesopotamia..were the cradles of primitive art. 1926 A. Chambers tr. N. S. Arseniew ii. vi. 123 This appeal in Aramaic takes us back to the earliest period of the primitive Church in Jerusalem. 1973 C. Sagan (1975) xxi. 146 Ammonia on the primitive Earth would have held heat in, increasing the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. 2003 1 Mar. 18/1 Placoderms were some of the most primitive jawed vertebrates, first appearing in the fossil record about 415 million years ago. 1871 H. James Watch & Ward in Sept. 331/1 She lavished on the young man all the idle tenderness of her primitive instincts, the savings and sparings, such as they were, of her girlish good-will. 1891 O. Wilde viii. 152 I am afraid that women appreciate cruelty, down-right cruelty, more than anything else. They have wonderfully primitive instincts. 1904 J. London xxx. 252 The primitive deeps of my nature stirred. I felt myself masculine, the protector of the weak, the fighting male. 1920 D. H. Lawrence iv 49 This playing at killing has some primitive desire for killing in it, don't you think? 1980 G. Lord x. 81 A fierce primitive joy surged through her body. 2006 (Nexis) 7 Jan. 57 It can only be that plant-giving satisfies a primitive instinct to somehow mark territory. 3. society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [adjective] > in earliest times the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > primitive or early > having a primitive style 1664 K. Philips xxix. 83 Her Zele was primitive and practick too; She did believe, and pray, and reade, and do. 1685 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 479 The Church of England..is certainely of all the Christian Professions on the Earth, the most Primitive, Apostolical, & Excellent. 1685 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 482 A Maiden of primitive life..who..has for many yeares continued a Virgin (though sought by severall to marriage) & refusing to receive any assistance of the Parish (besides the little hermitage my Lady gives her rent-free) lives on foure pence a day. 1718 R. Digby Let. 17 Apr. in A. Pope (1956) I. 474 We don't live unpleasantly in primitive simplicity and good-humour. 1752 H. Walpole (1846) II. 459 A poor good primitive creature. 1822 W. Irving iii Her manners are simple and primitive. 1864 R. Reid 181 Mr Archibald Paterson was a modest unassuming man, of primitive manners, and of great piety. 1889 G. Findlay 9 The engines employed [in 1830] were of an extremely primitive character. 1902 B. T. Washington x. 160 The cooking was done out-of-doors, in the old-fashioned, primitive style, in pots and skillets placed over a fire. 1937 J. Marquand ii. 13 The whole affair of the dance descended to a primitive sort of plane, that had to do with biology and taboos and natural selection. 1977 J. Hammond 30 Roads in that part of the country were pretty primitive—where they existed at all. 2004 19 July 20/1 One way of thinking about gossip is as the most primitive form of journalism—nasty and brutish and short. society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific types or forms of 1781 E. Gibbon III. xxxviii. 638 From this abject condition, perhaps the primitive and universal state of man.] 1838 June 376/1 He [sc. Cooper] has..portrayed the character of a primitive people, who were men—until civilization made them brutes. 1844 4 Mar. 5/2 The throne of Queen Pomare has been spoken of with derision, but with these simple and primitive people such facts as have taken place are regarded as..important. 1884 H. Spencer in July 40 Among primitive peoples, trespasses are followed by counter-trespasses. 1920 R. H. Lowie (1921) i. 12 The knowledge of primitive society has an educational value that should recommend its study. 1963 14 21 Many books by social anthropologists have titles which include the word primitive. When we use this word..we refer to a low level of technology which limits social relationships to a narrow range. 1991 Dec. 116/2 His serious travels have taken him to the world's last untrammeled places, to study primitive peoples and to take his own spiritual pulse. II. Special and technical senses. 4. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [adjective] > derivative > not the mind > language > [adjective] > terms relating to language change or development 1530 J. Palsgrave Introd. 29 Pronownes primityves be fyve, je, tu, se, nous, vous. 1612 J. Brinsley viii. 123 The primitiue word whereof they come, or some words neere vnto them. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 36 The Turkish Language is a primitive and original Language, that's to say, not derived from any of the Oriental or Occidental Tongues that we have any knowledge of. 1740 Ld. Chesterfield (1932) (modernized text) II. 429 The shortest and best way of learning a language is to know the roots of it; that is, those original, primitive words, of which many other words are made. 1795 L. Murray 16 A primitive or simple word, is that which is not derived from any other word in the same language; as, man, good, hope. 1808 C. Wilkins v. 372 Nominals are derivative verbs, having for their primitive theme any noun or pronoun. 1856 R. A. Vaughan I. i. iii. 23 To have a distinction in the primitive and not in the derivative word is always confusing. the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > related > parent 1878 T. L. Kington-Oliphant i. 13 The Primitive Aryan katvar changes to the Gothic fidwor (our four). 1896 C. A. Smith i. iii. 13 This hypothetical language, which bears the same ancestral relation to the historic dialects that Latin bears to the Romance tongues, is known simply as Germanic (Gmc.), or as Primitive Germanic. 1910 I. 485/2 The primitive Illyrian language may have exerted some kind of influence on the other idioms of the peninsula. 1933 L. Bloomfield xviii. 307 Even languages which have reshaped our word..give some evidence as to the structure of the word in Primitive Indo-European. 1972 M. L. Samuels 2. The alternation corresponding to stand-stood was regular in the Indo-European system, and so with that corresponding to seek-sought in Primitive Germanic. 1992 (BBC) Apr. 39/2 A group of linguists now trying to trace the common roots of mankind's 5,000 languages have re-created the primitive form on which the tongues of Europe, North Africa and Russia are based. They have called it proto-Nostratic and have used it to write poetry. 1999 R. Sampson xii. 318 The original vowel /a/ had already merged with /o/ in primitive Slavonic prior to the appearance of nasal vowels. 1667 W. Petty in T. Sprat ii. 302 All the materials are either Red, Yellow, or Blew, so that out of them, and the primitive fundamental Colour, White; all that great variety which we see in Dyed Stuffs doth arise. 1700 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Light & Colours in 194 If the Body M be such, as that the subtile Matter reflected has its Vibrations less quick, in certain Degrees that cannot be exactly determin'd, the Result will be one of the primitive Colours, Yellow, Red, Blue. 1760 R. Symmer in (Royal Soc.) 51 368 He ranged a number of ribbands, of all the primitive colours. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (1799) I. 511 The seven primitive colours. 1822 T. Webster (new ed.) I. 247 As a ray of the sun may be separated into these seven primitive colours. 1859 J. Hogg (ed. 4) i. ii. 27 The primitive rays—red, yellow, and blue,—of which a colourless ray of light is composed. 1881 H. Coppée II. x. v. 411 The interstices are delicately filled in with texts from the Korán,..and the whole plan is pencilled with the primitive colors, red and blue, picked out with gold. 6. Mathematics. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [adjective] > of geometrical relation > from which others derive 1728 E. Chambers at Number Primitive or prime Number, is that which is only divisible by Unity. 1825 D. Lardner ii. xvii. 284 As there are many differentials of two variables which are not exact differentials, so also there are many differential equations which are not the immediate differentials of any primitive equation. 1864 (at cited word) Primitive axes of co-ordinates, that system of axes to which the points of a magnitude are first referred with reference to a second set or system, to which they are afterward referred. 1890 (at cited word) Primitive curve, surface, etc., that from which another is derived. 1972 M. Kline xl. 957 Cauchy..points out that it is necessary to establish the existence of the definite integral and indirectly of the antiderivative or primitive function before one can use them. 1992 G. Ellis iii. 57 The powers α, α2,..αn are thus the n = q −1 distinct non-zero elements of GF(q). Such an α is said to be a primitive element. the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > relating to roots the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > relating to roots > specific nth root of unity 1879 2 380 The first row of numbers..in any of the foregoing natural schemes of decomposition of the kth primitive roots of unity into groups are vth roots..of unity. 1916 G. A. Miller et al. xvii. 325 For ps = 9, the six primitive ninth roots of unity are ρ, ρ2, ρ4, ρ5, ρ7, ρ8 and are the roots of x6 + x3 + 1 = 0. 1971 E. C. Dade in M. P. Powell & G. Higman viii. 274 We conclude that F contains a primitive eth root of unity. 1992 J. G. Oxley vi. 226 Let k be an integer exceeding one and α be a primitive kth root of unity in ℤ, that is, α is an element of ℤ for which αk = 1 and 1, α, α2,..αk−1 are distinct. the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of sets > in abstract algebra > of groups 1888 10 298 A group..in the plane is said to be imprimitive when it leaves a family..of curves invariant... Otherwise is the group said to be primitive. 1933 L. P. Eisenhart ii. 80 The group of motions in the euclidean plane is primitive. 1968 D. Passman i. 14 Let G be a transitive permutation group of prime degree. Then G is primitive. 1990 60 68 The most effective way of reducing problems concerning finite primitive permutation groups to problems concerning almost simple groups and linear groups is via distinguishing eight types of primitive groups, and dealing with them type by type. 7. the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [adjective] > types of 1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow II. 25 The primitive Iliac Arteries [Fr. Les Arteres Iliaques communes ou Primitives] divaricate gradually as they descend. 1790 J. Heath tr. J. L. Baudelocque I. 82 The division of each of these branches, known by the name of primitive iliac arteries and veins, into two others. 1890 (at cited word) Primitive carotid artery, the common carotid artery. 1963 17 312 Rupture of an aneurysm of the left primitive iliac artery. 2005 27 159 Pre-operative imaging demonstrated an aneurysm (diameter: 6.9 cm) involving the stumps of the left primitive carotid. the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > growth > stages of the world > life > biology > organism > [adjective] > ultimate element of 1833 28 Dec. 512/2 When that primitive streak is produced in the germinal membrane. 1857 9 429 The primitive groove extends to the extremity of the future cranial cavity. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary 345 These are called by Dippel bast-fibres, and by Russow protophloem, because they appear as the primitive elements of the phloem. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke (ed. 5) xv. 219 This anterior part of the neural tube containing these two cavities may be regarded as a primitive brain, while the rest of the tube forms the spinal cord. 1989 B. Alberts et al. (ed. 2) xvii. 959 The cells in the liver that derive from the primitive gut epithelium—the hepatocytes—are arranged in folded sheets. 1840 (Royal Soc.) 130 462 M. Mandel speaking of the primitive fibrillæ, avows the following opinion. 1882 T. E. Satterthwaite (ed. 2) ix. 110 A delicate membrane or envelope, the sheath of Schwann or primitive sheath. 1903 Aug. 180/2 Neurokeratin..is arranged in two layers, one beneath the primitive sheath and the other along the axis cylinder. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > pre-Cambrian 1779 (Royal Soc.) 68 106 Most of the mountains which are called primitive..are of this texture. 1815 R. Bakewell (ed. 2) xvi. 446 Those rocks which are called primitive, in reality the original coat of the nucleus of our planet. 1842 W. T. Brande 499/1 The crystalline, massive, and unstratified rocks, which seem to form the bases or foundations upon which the others have been deposited..have therefore been called primary or primitive rocks. 1863 A. C. Ramsay (1878) iv. 45 The term Primitive, as applied to gneiss, is no longer tenable. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [adjective] > arrangement of notes 1786 T. Busby (at cited word) Primitive Chord, that chord the lowest note of which is of the same literal denomination as the fundamental bass of the harmony. The chord taken in any other way, as when its lowest note is the third, or the fifth of the fundamental bass, is called a derivative. the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [adjective] > miscellaneous other 1807 T. Thomson (ed. 3) II. 536 The primitive form of muriate of barytes is, according to Hauy, a four-sided prism, whose bases are squares. 1816 R. Jameson (ed. 2) 136 This new regular form is by Hauy named the Primitive nucleus; and the crystal whose form is the same the Primitive form. 1831 D. Brewster xxv. 214 This mineral,..called cubizite, has been regarded by mineralogists as having the cube for its primitive form. 1945 C. W. Bunn vii. 223 In a set of symbols characterizing a space-group, the first is always a capital letter which indicates whether the lattice is simple (P for primitive), body-centred (I for inner), side-centred (A, B, or C), or centred on all faces (F). 1974 D. M. Adams ii. 12 In general it is convenient to work with the cell of highest symmetry and this is not necessarily primitive. 1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw (1986) xiii. 644 Form I has a primitive cubic lattice with a0 296.6 pm. the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [adjective] > evolutionary ancestor 1846 Jan. 124/2 What is there in the simple energy of development to evolve the primitive forms of life? 1874 8 338 So many varied forms which natural selection has evolved from some primitive form of omnivorous fresh-water fish. 1901 22 Feb. 312/1 If these cells were not part of an organic whole, but lived separate lives, we should speak of their descent from a primitive common ancestor. 1966 J. Sankey i. 5 It is possible that the chalk..was formed..from coccoliths which are the harder parts of small primitive plants. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury xiv. 448 Cartilaginous fish are considered more primitive than bony fish. 2000 C. Tudge i. iii. 56 This suggests that pentadactyly is indeed a primitive feature of tetrapods as a whole, and cannot help to distinguish the relationships of particular tetrapods. 12. Art. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [adjective] > pre-Renaissance 1847 Ld. Lindsay II. ii. 93 I strongly suspect an ancestral relation between them [sc. the frescoes of the Baptistery at Parma] and the primitive and interesting school of Bologna. 1857 G. Scharf (Art Treasures Exhib., Manchester) 5 Ottley,..an earnest student of the earlier periods of Italian art, had formed a small, but very authentic, collection of primitive works. 1923 J. Gordon ix. 94 In the early Italian primitive painters, and, indeed, in primitives of every order, we find beneath the artists' learning the foundations laid upon what may be called folk painting. 1959 3 Mar. 18/4 (advt.) Sienese School Primitive Painting on panel ‘The Madonna and Child’. 2000 (Nexis) 17 Dec. b8 Crystal-rich mineral materials for the hand-ground pigments which imparted such a sheen of seeming colored light to Flemish primitive art. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > unfamiliarity with, inexperience > [adjective] > from early stage society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > primitive society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > [adjective] > of artist: without formal training 1896 F. Boas in 18 Dec. 903/2 Recent investigations have shown that geometrical designs in primitive art have originated either from naturalistic forms which were gradually conventionalized.] 1930 9 Nov. ix. 12/1 The Newark Museum..has just arranged a fascinating exhibition of ‘American primitive paintings’... ‘The word “primitive”..is used as a term of convenience and not to designate any particular school of American art or any particular period. It is used to describe the work of simple people with no academic training and little book learning in art.’ 1942 J. Lipman 7 The primitive artist typically allowed himself free rein in depicting pose, gesture..and background. 1957 3 Nov. 14/4 Naive or primitive painting is a discovery of the twentieth century... The innocent eyes of the often untaught naïve painters give an account of the world quite unhampered by preconceptions of what paintings of it should be like. 1978 I. Murdoch 126 Hartley and Fitch were sitting stiff and upright, like a married pair rendered by a primitive painter. 2002 (Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide) 4 July 99/2 The gallery houses sculpture, stained glass and paintings by artists who practise primitive art. 1903 B. Russell p. xi (heading) Two indefinables and ten primitive propositions in this calculus. 1910 A. N. Whitehead & B. Russell I. i. i. 95 Following Peano, we shall call the undefined ideas and the undemonstrated propositions primitive ideas and primitive propositions respectively. 1922 C. K. Ogden et al. tr. L. Wittgenstein 121 The possibility of crosswise definition of the logical ‘primitive signs’ of Frege and Russell shows by itself that these are not primitive signs and that they signify no relations. 1932 C. I. Lewis & C. H. Langford i. 23 Thus it is proved that these primitive ideas and postulates for logic are the only assumptions required for the whole of mathematics. 1952 P. Geach tr. Frege 161 The same happens for the formula a = b. In some cases its meaning can be assumed as a primitive idea, in others it is defined. 1959 M. Bunge ix. 233 Neither Aristotle nor his followers seem to have been aware of the logical necessity of admitting..a set of unexplained or primitive concepts and ideas in order to avoid reasoning in a circle. 2000 67 408 You may as well stick with absolute probability as the primitive notion and define conditional probability. the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > natural impulse, instinct > [adjective] the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > not based on reason > in development 1910 21 115 The following investigation of children's spontaneous constructions and primitive activities is made in the hope..that a clearer, saner insight into the child's nature and needs may follow. 1923 L. A. Clare tr. L. Lévy-Bruhl 32 If then, primitive mentality avoids and ignores logical thought, if it refrains from reasoning and reflecting, it is not from incapacity to surmount what is evident to sense. 1962 M. Gabain tr. J. Piaget ii. 189 It is not nearly so natural as one would think for primitive thought to take intentions into account. Compounds C1. Complementary and parasynthetic. 1824 C. M. Sedgwick II. xvii. 274 Deborah's primitive looking chaise and ancient horse, were led to the door in the rear of Mrs. Armstead's elegant carriage. 1918 J. Sully vi. 141 Bismarck might be seen stalking along the primitive-looking trottoir. 2005 (Nexis) 20 Nov. ii. 35 The surprisingly curvaceous, primitive-looking nudes he painted directly on his studio walls. 1847 W. F. Hook III. 546 Struck by the worth of this primitive-mannered christian [Chad]. 2002 F. Süssekind 12 In Nelson de Oliveira's short stories, full of..‘primitive-mannered and malformed’ people, ‘more beast than man’. 1865 July 40 To..hear such primitive-sounding words as..‘overtune’ for the burden of a song. 1956 20 July 11/1 The beat of primitive-looking and primitive-sounding instruments filled the air with a bolero-like lilt. 2004 (Nexis) 14 Mar. (Features section) 30 Support came from Oxford duo Winnebago Deal, who played a set of primitive sounding, self-indulgent rock tracks. C2. society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value, accumulation, or reproduction of capital 1776 A. Smith I. ii. Introd. 328 The accumulation of stock must, in the nature of things, be previous to the division of labour. View more context for this quotation] 1887 S. Moore & E. Aveling tr. K. Marx II. viii. xxvi. 736 The whole movement..seems to turn in a vicious circle, out of which we can only get by supposing a primitive accumulation (previous accumulation of Adam Smith) preceding capitalistic accumulation; an accumulation not the result of the capitalistic mode of production, but its starting point. 1967 I. Deutscher (1972) 242 It had to devote all its energies to ‘primitive accumulation’, that is, to the creation under state ownership of the most essential economic preliminaries to any genuine building of socialism. 2000 38 996/2 Classical political economy's implicit proto-Marxian theory of primitive accumulation. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Baptists > sects and groups > [noun] > primitive 1740 T. Crosby IV. p. ii To suffer persecution has not been the lot of the English Baptists only, but the Primitive Baptists had the like measure meted unto them. 1824 Jan. 94 (heading) The cause of the Arminian or Primitive Baptists. 1851 J. B. Lamar et al. 143 Brethren Crump and Noel were both members of the Primitive Baptist Church. 1933 24 Aug. 6/4 Elder A. J. Harrison..was elected head of the Ketockin Association, Old School, Primitive Baptists. 1992 29 Dec. a10/6 Mr. Hunt, a Primitive Baptist preacher, had used the state aircraft for out-of-state preaching trips. 1931 79 501 The cell chosen is..not necessarily the primitive, i.e. smallest cell, as such a cell would often demand a description in oblique and inconvenient axes. But it is always either the primitive cell or a one- or three-face-centred or a body-centred cell. 1966 (rev. ed.) III. 595/1 The three primitive cells of the cubic lattices are, respectively, a cube, a rhombohedron with a plane angle of 109° 28′, and a rhombohedron with an angle of 60°. 1978 H. M. Rosenberg (ed. 2) i. 7 It is often possible to break down the unit cells into smaller simpler arrangements... These are called primitive cells. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > closed curve > circle > other 1690 W. Leybourn f. 668v The Meridian passing through L is the Primitive Circle. 1701 S. Heynes 104 Note that the Pole of an Oblique Circle is in that Diameter of the primitive Circle, which passes through the Center of the projected Oblique Circle. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne ii. 25 The plane of projection thus bounded by a great circle of the sphere is represented by the plane of the paper on which the circle is drawn, which latter will be termed the circle of projection or primitive circle. 1951 A. 206 243 (caption) The plane of symmetry of the crystal is taken as the primitive circle. 1840 (Royal Soc.) 130 465 The fibre which he saw..was nearly as large as many examples of the primitive fasciculi, and very much greater than a primitive fibrilla. 1886 Nansen 86 What he called fibrillæ, are the spongioplasmic walls between the real ‘primitive fibrillæ’. 1909 (Royal Soc.) B. 200 497 Each of the fibrillæ of the axone is formed as the result of the fusion of a number of very slender primitive fibrillæ. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > groove marking beginning of backbone 1857 9 429 The primitive groove extends to the extremity of the future cranial cavity. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke (ed. 5) xviii. 297 Before the blastopore is closed a longitudinal furrow appears in the ectoderm on the dorsal side extending forward directly over the incipient notochord. This furrow is called the primitive or medullary groove. 1991 18 Jan. 311/2 Hensen's node, a group of cells located at the rostral tip of the primitive groove, gives rise to the notochord. 1929 A. 123 144 The direction of slip being that of the most highly stressed primitive lattice direction. 1995 59 169 This is followed by the rigorous derivation of the 14 Bravais lattices and the symmetry of Primitive and Centred lattices. 1792 W. Smith 15 I make no scruple of avowing the highest veneration and respect for primitive Methodism. 1874 C. M. Yonge I. v. 161 Primitive Methodism and Plymouth Brethrenism supplied the void. 1935 16 Jan. 3/4 The Gospel messages of Evangelist Faust..bear the ear marks of primitive Methodism in which no allowance for modern sins is made, nor for this modern method of white washing sinners and calling them saints. 1978 P. Thompson iii. 70 This study of a Durham mining valley shows the role which Primitive Methodism..played in inhibiting the growth of militant class-consciousness among the miners. 1992 E. Pearce xvi. 155 Though latterly yuppified, historically it has been a great centre of not just Methodism but Primitive Methodism—the evangelical and essentially working-class, back-to-basics strand of Nonconformity which emerged in the nineteenth century. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Methodism > Methodist sects and groups > [noun] > primitive > person 1791 J. Hampson III. i. 10 Most of the preachers..had exhausted their wildfire: so that their discourses were more scriptural and rational than those of the primitive methodists. 1821 7 Aug. 2/6 On Sunday last, the primitive Methodists, otherwise called Ranters, held a camp-meeting on Cockfield-fell. 1995 Summer 153/1 Chief among these were the primitive Methodists, who broke with the Wesleyan connection in 1810 and were very much a working-class sect. 1834 T. F. Gordon 190/2 1 Primitive Methodist church, and 1 African Episcopal Methodist chapel, built in 1810.] 1852 28 Jan. 2 The Sunday School connected with the Primitive Methodist Church..will hold their anniversary celebration this day (Tuesday). 1908 12 Oct. 15/4 In the Primitive Methodist Church invitations for circuit pastorates have been accepted by Rev. W. Robson from Orrell, [etc.]. 1920 28 Dec. He was pastor of the Primitive Methodist Church of Liverpool and formerly was President of the Primitive Methodist Conference. 2004 (Electronic ed.) 21 June A lay leader at the Lawrence Street Primitive Methodist Church in Lowell, Mass. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Methodism > Methodist sects and groups > [noun] > primitive 1812 H. Bourne Jrnl. in J. Gardner II. 426 Thursday, February 13, 1812, we called a meeting, made plans for the next quarter, and made some other regulations; in particular, we took the name of the Primitive Methodist Connexion. 1876 25 Mar. In 1841, the Primitive Methodist Connexion generally composed 7,000 members, and about 6,000 Sabbath scholars. 1999 (Nexis) 31 Dec. 59 Closure of Primitive Methodist Connexion Chapel later used as Heslam House furniture store. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > surface > [noun] > plane society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun] > planes, lines, or points 1798 (Royal Soc.) 88 431 There will remain no other traces of the primitive planes of the rhomboidal parallelopiped. 1823 P. Nicholson 540 A primitive plane is that which contains a point, a line, or a plane surface, of a given object. 1890 at Primitive Primitive plane, in spherical projection, the plane upon which the projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere. 1925 A. 108 566 Both the intensity of the scattered light and its distribution in different directions depend very greatly on the primitive plane of polarisation. 1984 19 115/1 A less circle..is projected onto the primitive plane as a circle. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 68 979 The whole primitive radius nearly as far as the extremity of the tooth is run over by the point of the tooth. 1857 170/2 The centres of a wheel and pinion of which the teeth are intended to be of the epicycloidal form, and A c and B c their primitive radii. 1890 at Primitive Primitive radii, same as proportional radii. 1943 53 42 Schema (I) introduces the successor function,..and Schema (V) the schema of primitive recursion. 1962 H. Wang xiii. 343 If g, h can be represented in Z, then a function f defined by primitive recursion..can be represented in Z in the sense that there is a formula R(x, y, z) in Z such that the following are theorems of Z. 2000 S. Shapiro v. 172 He defined addition and multiplication on ‘the natural numbers’ and proved that definitions by primitive recursion do define functions. the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions > recursive 1936 S. C. Kleene in 112 729 A recursive function (relation) in the sense of Gödel..will now be called a primitive recursive function (relation). 1965 G. T. Herman & O. Plassman tr. H. Hermes iii. 82 The essence of Ackermann's proof of the existence of a computable function which is not primitive recursive consists in defining a computable function which increases in a certain sense faster than any primitive recursive function. 2004 M. Potter xiii. 213 If we replace n in this expression by n + 1, evaluate the number so described, and then subtract one from the answer, we obtain a natural number..Fn(r)... In general the function Fn thus defined is primitive recursive. 1811 P. Barlow v. 439 When the root r' is such that the terms of the above series leave different remainders, then r' is said to be a primitive root of the equation xn − 1=M(a). 1916 G. A. Miller et al. xv. 308 For any prime p, it is shown in the theory of numbers that there exists a primitive root g of p such that 1, g, g2,..gp − 2, when divided by p, give in some order the remainders 1, 2, 3,..p − 1. 1984 A. Baker iii. 24 For any natural number n, there exists a primitive root (mod n) if and only if n has the form 2, 4, pj or 2pj, where p is an odd prime. 1859 10 217 Both kinds of cells and intervening substances are closely allied, whatever may have been the development of the elements of the primitive sheath. 1882 T. E. Satterthwaite (ed. 2) ix. 110 A delicate membrane or envelope, the sheath of Schwann or primitive sheath. 1939 14 405/2 (in figure) Immediate transition of the ‘primitive sheath’ from nerve fibers to the ganglion cell. society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value, accumulation, or reproduction of capital 1950 A. Erlich in 64 69 This formative period of modern capitalism..had now to find its counterpart in ‘primitive socialist accumulation’ which was assumed to serve as midwife in the same way for the socialist society of the future. 1991 Winter 52/2 The ‘left’ point of view, advanced by Preobrazhensky (supported covertly by Trotsky), self-consciously advanced the formula of ‘primitive socialist accumulation’, as described in Part VIII of Volume One of Capital: breaking peasant ‘autarky’, squeezing out the small traders. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > ovum or ootid > fertilized ovum and parts 1833Primitive streak [see sense B. 7b]. 1879 tr. E. Haeckel I. 299 In the centre of the primitive streak an even, dark line, the so-called primitive groove, becomes defined. 1939 T. L. Green ii. 231 Six hours after incubation begins, note the primitive streak which starts to grow backwards together with the area-pellucida which becomes oval (look at later stages). 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons (ed. 6) v. 121 An infolding of mesodermal (and possibly endodermal as well) tissues occurs at a peculiarly modified representative of the original blastopore, the primitive streak. 1839 (Royal Soc.) 129 327 Authors on the ovum of the Bird describe their ‘primitive trace’ of the embryo as originating in that which has been denominated the ‘central, thickened part of the germinal membrane’. 1928 C. S. Whitehead & C. A. Hoff (new ed.) i. iv. 155 In its centre is a delicate line or furrow running longitudinally from front to rear, which is called the primitive trace. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.adj.c1400 |
