presumptiveadj.

Brit.

/prᵻˈzʌm(p)tɪv/, U.S.

/priˈzəm(p)tɪv/,

/prəˈzəm(p)tɪv/

Forms: late Middle English presumptijf, 1500s presumtiue, 1500s (Scottish) 1600s– presumptive, 1600s presumptiue, 1600s–1700s presumtive.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praesumptivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin praesumptivus bold, insolent (5th cent.), that gives reasonable ground for belief or presumption (6th cent., 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin praesumpt- , past participial stem of praesūmere presume v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French presumptif , Middle French, French présomptif based on presumption (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, but apparently not paralleled in continental French until much later (1611 in Cotgrave)), presumptuous (beginning of the 14th cent. in Middle French), (of an heir or heiress) having a right of inheritance which may be superseded by the birth of a nearer heir (1406 in heritier presumptif heir presumptive (French héritier présomptif )), Spanish presuntivo , †presumptivo presumptuous (first half of the 15th cent.), by presumption (first half of the 15th cent.), based on presumption (early 15th cent. as †presumptivo ; now chiefly in heredero presuntivo heir presumptive). Compare heir presumptive n. at heir n. Compounds 1. Compare earlier presuming adj.With sense 3 compare earlier presumptious adj., presumptuous adj. 1, and slightly earlier presumant adj.

a. Based on presumption or inference; presumed, inferred. Also (of an heir or heiress): having a right of inheritance which may be superseded by the birth of a nearer heir; cf. heir presumptive n. at heir n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adjective]

presumptivec1443

presumed1545

presupposed1569

foretakena1586

supposed1587

postulated1646

receptary1646

postulate1664

posited1666

assumed1821

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 453 (MED) Þou not opposidist neiþer askidist of eny singuler or wantowne and presumptijf bileeue not groundid.

1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 334 The Souldier..with a new oath bound himselfe to the presumptiue Heire.

1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 89 This estate, wherein I have a reall & presumptive, tho' not a present or a certain interest.

1715 J. Dunton Hereditary-bastard 15 When the time of this pretended Birth was come, the Bishops were sent to the Tower; the presumptive Heir was not present.

1754 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VII. lii. 263 Your time would have been taken up with the appeals of scolding wives, forsaken damsels, and witches presumptive!

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 127 The case of Effie..Deans..is one of those cases of murder presumptive.

1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia ii. xii. 249 Immortality is not made presumptive, as a conclusion hanging on the last link of a syllogism, but its giant glories are disclosed.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §4. 635 As the King was childless..Mary was presumptive heiress of the Crown.

1927 M. L. Margolis Hist. Jewish People ix. 59 By right of seniority, his elder half-brother Adonijah considered himself heir presumptive.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 945/1 The qualitative urinary coproporphyrin test (UCP) is well suited..for the rapid presumptive diagnosis of manifest or incipient acute plumbism.

1992 New Republic 8 June 31/1 Peter Gomes..describes the reaction as presumptive: ‘There is a kind of liberal arrogance that would make the assumption that because I am both gay and black that I would automatically be a Democrat.’

b. Embryology. Of tissue: that is not yet differentiated but is expected to develop into a specified part.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [adjective] > embryo tissue

blastemal1849

blastemic1849

blastematic1881

neuroepithelial1903

presumptive1927

1927 Q. Rev. Biol. 2 222/2 A presumptive medullary plate fragment.

1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 76/3 In amphibian embryos the presumptive limb region (the region that will later produce a leg) behaves in many ways like a typical epimorphic field.

1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 9315/1 The B-line presumptive muscle cells of ascidian embryos have extensive potential for self-differentiation.

2. Giving reasonable grounds for presumption or belief; warranting inferences. Now chiefly in presumptive evidence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > supported by circumstances

presumptive1561

circumstantiala1616

moral1637

presumptuousa1639

circumstantiated1654

circumstanced1861

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > based on probability or circumstances

likelinessc1450

likelihood1541

presumption1592

circumstantial evidence1736

presumptive evidence1766

indirect evidence1824

1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 174 Quhilk claus is adjectit to mak the mair cleir probatioun presumptive.

1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) ii. vii. 63 If he had bin conuicted either vpon his owne confession, or by witnesses; and not alone per Indicia; that is, but by presumtiue proofes, or probable Euidences.

1685–6 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 87 The evidences against him were very many, and the circumstances very numerous and presumptive.

1691 T. Brown Weesil Trap'd 9 Hang and Draw for an Offence, On meer presumptive Evidence.

1732 T. Cooke Let. to Archbishop of Canterbury 41 It will be a presumptive Evidence against them of their being influenced by some Motives contrary to Reason or Virtue.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xiii. 197 The presumptive evidence of that right is strongly in favour of his antagonist.

1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ii. ii. 57 Of late years, it has ceased to be presumptive evidence, at least what the lawyers call violent presumption, of philosophical attainments, to be a member [of the American Philosophical Society].

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1028 That will be presumptive against him, that he made that return, unless he shews the contrary.

1850 H. Melville White-jacket xxviii. 141 The weather encountered might be accounted pretty good presumptive proof.

1895 Pitt-Taylor's Law Evid. (ed. 9) I. v. 69 Presumptive evidence is usually divided into two branches, namely, presumptions of law, and presumptions of fact.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 74/2 Seven years' absence with no sign of life either by letter or message is held presumptive evidence of death in the law courts.

1967 W. Goldschmidt Sebei Law i. iii. 55 Refusal to have intercourse with husband (which would be presumptive evidence that a woman is regularly engaging in adultery).

1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 June d7/5 The Tour withdrew its invitation to the Italian team..when one of its stars failed a blood test, a presumptive sign of drug use.

3. = presumptuous adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > overweening or presumption > [adjective]

thristec897

overgartc1230

jollya1340

overweening1340

presumptuousa1398

presuming1434

presumptious?a1450

cock-horse1598

overweened1602

presumant1602

presumptive1609

self-assuming1647

presultory1652

assuming1695

pretending1727

engrossinga1797

hubristic1831

superweening1862

assumptious1878

assumptive1879

hubristical1923

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) viii. lxvii. 220 To keepe his forwardnes Backe from presumptiue pressing.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 387 There being two opinions repugnant to each another, it may not be presumptive or sceptical to doubt of both.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 299 How shall we be sure that we have justly quitted Reason, as too high and dangerous; too aspiring or presumptive?

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lix. 250 Your presumptive emulation in a much more interesting affair.

1787 R. Burns Let. 2 Aug. (1985) I. 137 I was not so presumptive as to imagine tht I could make verses like printed ones, composed by men who had Greek and Latin.

1816 J. Evans in Monthly Mag. 41 124 Having so far proceeded in a strain of dictatorship, that some..may deem altogether presumptive.

1883 P. Schaff Hist. Christian Church I. iv. xxvi. 254 He protested in presumptive modesty, when Christ would wash his feet.

1948 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 13 625/2 It would have been most presumptive of him to expect that his conclusions could not be greatly refined by more extensive, more thorough and more rigorous future research.

1975 Physics Bull. Aug. 344/2 As a mere associate member, now forced to work outside physics, perhaps it is presumptive of me to attempt to discuss these problems.

2005 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 19 Nov. a 1 Only one of the 77 stained glass windows in the chapel, the Noah window, is signed by the artist who created it, and his presumptive act of signing his work cost him his job.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	presumptive
释义	presumptiveadj. Brit. /prᵻˈzʌm(p)tɪv/, U.S. /priˈzəm(p)tɪv/, /prəˈzəm(p)tɪv/ Forms: late Middle English presumptijf, 1500s presumtiue, 1500s (Scottish) 1600s– presumptive, 1600s presumptiue, 1600s–1700s presumtive. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praesumptivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin praesumptivus bold, insolent (5th cent.), that gives reasonable ground for belief or presumption (6th cent., 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin praesumpt- , past participial stem of praesūmere presume v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French presumptif , Middle French, French présomptif based on presumption (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, but apparently not paralleled in continental French until much later (1611 in Cotgrave)), presumptuous (beginning of the 14th cent. in Middle French), (of an heir or heiress) having a right of inheritance which may be superseded by the birth of a nearer heir (1406 in heritier presumptif heir presumptive (French héritier présomptif )), Spanish presuntivo , †presumptivo presumptuous (first half of the 15th cent.), by presumption (first half of the 15th cent.), based on presumption (early 15th cent. as †presumptivo ; now chiefly in heredero presuntivo heir presumptive). Compare heir presumptive n. at heir n. Compounds 1. Compare earlier presuming adj.With sense 3 compare earlier presumptious adj., presumptuous adj. 1, and slightly earlier presumant adj. 1. a. Based on presumption or inference; presumed, inferred. Also (of an heir or heiress): having a right of inheritance which may be superseded by the birth of a nearer heir; cf. heir presumptive n. at heir n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adjective] presumptivec1443 presumed1545 presupposed1569 foretakena1586 supposed1587 postulated1646 receptary1646 postulate1664 posited1666 assumed1821 c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 453 (MED) Þou not opposidist neiþer askidist of eny singuler or wantowne and presumptijf bileeue not groundid. 1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 334 The Souldier..with a new oath bound himselfe to the presumptiue Heire. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 89 This estate, wherein I have a reall & presumptive, tho' not a present or a certain interest. 1715 J. Dunton Hereditary-bastard 15 When the time of this pretended Birth was come, the Bishops were sent to the Tower; the presumptive Heir was not present. 1754 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VII. lii. 263 Your time would have been taken up with the appeals of scolding wives, forsaken damsels, and witches presumptive! 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 127 The case of Effie..Deans..is one of those cases of murder presumptive. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia ii. xii. 249 Immortality is not made presumptive, as a conclusion hanging on the last link of a syllogism, but its giant glories are disclosed. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §4. 635 As the King was childless..Mary was presumptive heiress of the Crown. 1927 M. L. Margolis Hist. Jewish People ix. 59 By right of seniority, his elder half-brother Adonijah considered himself heir presumptive. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 945/1 The qualitative urinary coproporphyrin test (UCP) is well suited..for the rapid presumptive diagnosis of manifest or incipient acute plumbism. 1992 New Republic 8 June 31/1 Peter Gomes..describes the reaction as presumptive: ‘There is a kind of liberal arrogance that would make the assumption that because I am both gay and black that I would automatically be a Democrat.’ b. Embryology. Of tissue: that is not yet differentiated but is expected to develop into a specified part. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [adjective] > embryo tissue blastemal1849 blastemic1849 blastematic1881 neuroepithelial1903 presumptive1927 1927 Q. Rev. Biol. 2 222/2 A presumptive medullary plate fragment. 1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 76/3 In amphibian embryos the presumptive limb region (the region that will later produce a leg) behaves in many ways like a typical epimorphic field. 1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 9315/1 The B-line presumptive muscle cells of ascidian embryos have extensive potential for self-differentiation. 2. Giving reasonable grounds for presumption or belief; warranting inferences. Now chiefly in presumptive evidence. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > supported by circumstances presumptive1561 circumstantiala1616 moral1637 presumptuousa1639 circumstantiated1654 circumstanced1861 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > based on probability or circumstances likelinessc1450 likelihood1541 presumption1592 circumstantial evidence1736 presumptive evidence1766 indirect evidence1824 1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 174 Quhilk claus is adjectit to mak the mair cleir probatioun presumptive. 1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) ii. vii. 63 If he had bin conuicted either vpon his owne confession, or by witnesses; and not alone per Indicia; that is, but by presumtiue proofes, or probable Euidences. 1685–6 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 87 The evidences against him were very many, and the circumstances very numerous and presumptive. 1691 T. Brown Weesil Trap'd 9 Hang and Draw for an Offence, On meer presumptive Evidence. 1732 T. Cooke Let. to Archbishop of Canterbury 41 It will be a presumptive Evidence against them of their being influenced by some Motives contrary to Reason or Virtue. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xiii. 197 The presumptive evidence of that right is strongly in favour of his antagonist. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ii. ii. 57 Of late years, it has ceased to be presumptive evidence, at least what the lawyers call violent presumption, of philosophical attainments, to be a member [of the American Philosophical Society]. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1028 That will be presumptive against him, that he made that return, unless he shews the contrary. 1850 H. Melville White-jacket xxviii. 141 The weather encountered might be accounted pretty good presumptive proof. 1895 Pitt-Taylor's Law Evid. (ed. 9) I. v. 69 Presumptive evidence is usually divided into two branches, namely, presumptions of law, and presumptions of fact. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 74/2 Seven years' absence with no sign of life either by letter or message is held presumptive evidence of death in the law courts. 1967 W. Goldschmidt Sebei Law i. iii. 55 Refusal to have intercourse with husband (which would be presumptive evidence that a woman is regularly engaging in adultery). 1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 June d7/5 The Tour withdrew its invitation to the Italian team..when one of its stars failed a blood test, a presumptive sign of drug use. 3. = presumptuous adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > overweening or presumption > [adjective] thristec897 overgartc1230 jollya1340 overweening1340 presumptuousa1398 presuming1434 presumptious?a1450 cock-horse1598 overweened1602 presumant1602 presumptive1609 self-assuming1647 presultory1652 assuming1695 pretending1727 engrossinga1797 hubristic1831 superweening1862 assumptious1878 assumptive1879 hubristical1923 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) viii. lxvii. 220 To keepe his forwardnes Backe from presumptiue pressing. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 387 There being two opinions repugnant to each another, it may not be presumptive or sceptical to doubt of both. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 299 How shall we be sure that we have justly quitted Reason, as too high and dangerous; too aspiring or presumptive? 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lix. 250 Your presumptive emulation in a much more interesting affair. 1787 R. Burns Let. 2 Aug. (1985) I. 137 I was not so presumptive as to imagine tht I could make verses like printed ones, composed by men who had Greek and Latin. 1816 J. Evans in Monthly Mag. 41 124 Having so far proceeded in a strain of dictatorship, that some..may deem altogether presumptive. 1883 P. Schaff Hist. Christian Church I. iv. xxvi. 254 He protested in presumptive modesty, when Christ would wash his feet. 1948 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 13 625/2 It would have been most presumptive of him to expect that his conclusions could not be greatly refined by more extensive, more thorough and more rigorous future research. 1975 Physics Bull. Aug. 344/2 As a mere associate member, now forced to work outside physics, perhaps it is presumptive of me to attempt to discuss these problems. 2005 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 19 Nov. a 1 Only one of the 77 stained glass windows in the chapel, the Noah window, is signed by the artist who created it, and his presumptive act of signing his work cost him his job. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1443
随便看	gaincover gaindevoted gaine gained gained day gainer gainers gainery gainful gainfuler gainfulest gainfuller gainfullest gainfullier gainfulliest gainfully gainfulness gainfulnesses gaingetting gaingiving gaingivings gaingreedy gaini gaining gaining-machine