pretrialadj.n.

Brit.

/priːˈtrʌɪəl/,

/ˈpriːtrʌɪəl/, U.S.

/ˌpriˈtraɪəl/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pre- prefix, trial n.¹

Etymology: < pre- prefix + trial n.¹

A. adj.

1. Law.

a. Originally U.S. Of or relating to the period before a trial; (of a person) awaiting trial.

ΚΠ

1894 Amer. Law Rev. 28 115 This species of optional judicial control over the initial and pre-trial stages in an action is probably a sufficient advance for the present.

1904 Daily Iowa State Press 20 June 3/5 Rumors to the effect that he (the judge) had made a pre-trial agreement with Attorney Holbert, to shield Mrs. Gallaugher.

1915 Alaska Rep. 4 630 But the very same objection lies to a pretrial given.

1971 Times 20 Mar. 11 Most have already spent more than a year in jail awaiting trial, and pretrial detention will be deducted from their sentences.

1996 Economist 27 Jan. 43/3 These achievements are threatened by lack of space in jails (as America calls the places that hold pre-trial prisoners) and prisons (the places for those found guilty).

b. U.S. Of, relating to, or designating a preliminary hearing before a trial.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [adjective] > relating to preliminary hearing

pretrial1936

1936 North Eastern Reporter 5 38 The pre-trial judge stated that..the motion to file the substitute answer would be allowed.

1938 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 18 Aug. 4/1 The ‘pre-trial’ system was introduced in Detroit six years ago.

1970 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 10/1 Black Panther chairman Bobby Seale was accused at his pre-trial hearing of ordering the death of a Panther suspected of turning informer.

1978 Chicago June 116/3 Tom Sullivan sat at the defense table in the Hanrahan case, and he handled pre-trial matters for Kemer's co-defendant.

1997 Calif. Lawyer July 41/3 64 percent of superior courts reported more criminal trials and pretrial appearances because of the three strikes law.

2. Of or relating to a time before a competitive trial or scientific experiment.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [adjective] > relating to period before trial

pretrial1928

1928 C. L. Hull Aptitude Testing xi. 350 By observing carefully the behavior of the more speedy subjects of this pre-trial group as the estimated time limit is approached, the correct time limit may be determined with precision.

1948 in B. Vesey-Fitzgerald Bk. Dog 749 Whereas in pre-trial days the range [of sheepdog] was severely restricted, nowadays, as a result of trials, the scope for selection is nation-wide.

1979 A. R. Wagner in R. A. Boakes et al. Mechanisms Learning & Motivation 64 Group N had no pretrial stimuli scheduled, and simply received CS–US pairings on every trial.

2000 Lancet 29 Jan. 329 The patient who died was ineligible for study because of a raised pretrial ammonia level.

B. n.

1. U.S. Law. A preliminary hearing before a trial.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > preliminary hearing

examination?1605

pretrial1927

1927 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 27 July ii. 1/6 All pre-trials have been taken, Mrs. Chaplin having filed a complaint, an answer and made a deposition and Chaplin having filed an answer and cross complaint.

1938 E. J. Ellison in Christian Sci. Monitor 15 June (Weekly Mag.) 3/1 Why not have a special judge to clear out the legal underbrush, and call it a ‘pre-trial’.

1983 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 69 1152 (heading) Press has right to attend criminal pretrials.

2002 Southern Reporter 2nd Ser. 832 414 We were forced by the judge..to go to all the pretrials, everything. We've gone to all the hearings.

2. A preliminary trial held before a main trial, as in a competition or a scientific experiment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > in advance

pretesting1924

pretrial1946

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series

heata1663

rubber game1793

round1837

rubber match1843

tie-match1864

final1880

postseason1882

semi-final1884

preliminary1886

cup-tie1895

play-off1895

tie1895

leg1899

repechage1899

qualifier1908

quarter-final1916

playdown1918

rounder1918

go-around1933

quick death1938

semi1942

pretrial1946

quarter1950

barrage1955

tie-breaker1961

semi-main1968

tie-break1970

breaker1979

1946 Washington Post 7 Apr. 6 m/3 The Deep Run Hunt Club's annual hunter trials will be held tomorrow... Pretrials favorites included Stuart Felvey's Dominica, [etc.].

1987 Los Angeles Times 7 Mar. 22 [They are] taking part in the Alamitos Bay Regatta in Long Beach today, the Olympic pretrials in May and Women's World Championships in June.

1999 Men's Health (Electronic ed.) July–Aug. They've already netted us some better, more efficient therapies, many of which are undergoing FDA trials or pretrials.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pretrial
释义	pretrialadj.n. Brit. /priːˈtrʌɪəl/, /ˈpriːtrʌɪəl/, U.S. /ˌpriˈtraɪəl/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pre- prefix, trial n.¹ Etymology: < pre- prefix + trial n.¹ A. adj. 1. Law. a. Originally U.S. Of or relating to the period before a trial; (of a person) awaiting trial. ΚΠ 1894 Amer. Law Rev. 28 115 This species of optional judicial control over the initial and pre-trial stages in an action is probably a sufficient advance for the present. 1904 Daily Iowa State Press 20 June 3/5 Rumors to the effect that he (the judge) had made a pre-trial agreement with Attorney Holbert, to shield Mrs. Gallaugher. 1915 Alaska Rep. 4 630 But the very same objection lies to a pretrial given. 1971 Times 20 Mar. 11 Most have already spent more than a year in jail awaiting trial, and pretrial detention will be deducted from their sentences. 1996 Economist 27 Jan. 43/3 These achievements are threatened by lack of space in jails (as America calls the places that hold pre-trial prisoners) and prisons (the places for those found guilty). b. U.S. Of, relating to, or designating a preliminary hearing before a trial. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [adjective] > relating to preliminary hearing pretrial1936 1936 North Eastern Reporter 5 38 The pre-trial judge stated that..the motion to file the substitute answer would be allowed. 1938 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 18 Aug. 4/1 The ‘pre-trial’ system was introduced in Detroit six years ago. 1970 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 10/1 Black Panther chairman Bobby Seale was accused at his pre-trial hearing of ordering the death of a Panther suspected of turning informer. 1978 Chicago June 116/3 Tom Sullivan sat at the defense table in the Hanrahan case, and he handled pre-trial matters for Kemer's co-defendant. 1997 Calif. Lawyer July 41/3 64 percent of superior courts reported more criminal trials and pretrial appearances because of the three strikes law. 2. Of or relating to a time before a competitive trial or scientific experiment. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [adjective] > relating to period before trial pretrial1928 1928 C. L. Hull Aptitude Testing xi. 350 By observing carefully the behavior of the more speedy subjects of this pre-trial group as the estimated time limit is approached, the correct time limit may be determined with precision. 1948 in B. Vesey-Fitzgerald Bk. Dog 749 Whereas in pre-trial days the range [of sheepdog] was severely restricted, nowadays, as a result of trials, the scope for selection is nation-wide. 1979 A. R. Wagner in R. A. Boakes et al. Mechanisms Learning & Motivation 64 Group N had no pretrial stimuli scheduled, and simply received CS–US pairings on every trial. 2000 Lancet 29 Jan. 329 The patient who died was ineligible for study because of a raised pretrial ammonia level. B. n. 1. U.S. Law. A preliminary hearing before a trial. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > preliminary hearing examination?1605 pretrial1927 1927 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 27 July ii. 1/6 All pre-trials have been taken, Mrs. Chaplin having filed a complaint, an answer and made a deposition and Chaplin having filed an answer and cross complaint. 1938 E. J. Ellison in Christian Sci. Monitor 15 June (Weekly Mag.) 3/1 Why not have a special judge to clear out the legal underbrush, and call it a ‘pre-trial’. 1983 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 69 1152 (heading) Press has right to attend criminal pretrials. 2002 Southern Reporter 2nd Ser. 832 414 We were forced by the judge..to go to all the pretrials, everything. We've gone to all the hearings. 2. A preliminary trial held before a main trial, as in a competition or a scientific experiment. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > in advance pretesting1924 pretrial1946 society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series heata1663 rubber game1793 round1837 rubber match1843 tie-match1864 final1880 postseason1882 semi-final1884 preliminary1886 cup-tie1895 play-off1895 tie1895 leg1899 repechage1899 qualifier1908 quarter-final1916 playdown1918 rounder1918 go-around1933 quick death1938 semi1942 pretrial1946 quarter1950 barrage1955 tie-breaker1961 semi-main1968 tie-break1970 breaker1979 1946 Washington Post 7 Apr. 6 m/3 The Deep Run Hunt Club's annual hunter trials will be held tomorrow... Pretrials favorites included Stuart Felvey's Dominica, [etc.]. 1987 Los Angeles Times 7 Mar. 22 [They are] taking part in the Alamitos Bay Regatta in Long Beach today, the Olympic pretrials in May and Women's World Championships in June. 1999 Men's Health (Electronic ed.) July–Aug. They've already netted us some better, more efficient therapies, many of which are undergoing FDA trials or pretrials. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1894
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