privationn.

Brit.

/prʌɪˈveɪʃn/, U.S.

/praɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English priuacioun, Middle English priuacyone, Middle English privacion, Middle English privacyon, Middle English pryuacion, Middle English pryuacioun, Middle English–1500s priuacion, Middle English– privation, 1500s privasion, 1500s pryuacyon, 1500s–1600s priuation; Scottish pre-1700 priuacioune, pre-1700 priwatyown, pre-1700 prywacion, pre-1700 prywacioun, 1700s– privation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French privacion, privation; Latin prīvātiōn-, prīvātiō.

Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman privacioun and Anglo-Norman and Middle French privacion, privation (French privation ) loss or absence of a quality formerly or properly possessed (1290 in Old French), suspension of a priest from an office or benefice (late 13th or early 14th cent. or earlier), confiscation (of a possession) (1307), action of depriving a person of an office or position (a1390 or earlier; < priver prive v. + -ation -ation suffix), and partly < classical Latin prīvātiōn-, prīvātiō removal or absence, negation, in post-classical Latin also negation of the fact of having, the eighth Aristotelian category (6th cent.), removal (of person from office or position) (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), act of taking away (a right or privilege) (c1258, c1326 in British sources) < prīvāt- , past participial stem of prīvāre prive v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan privacio (c1350), Catalan privació (13th cent.), Spanish privación (c1250 as priuation ), Portuguese privação (1320), Italian privazione (a1308). Compare deprivation n.Use in sense 3 is apparently not paralleled in French until slightly later (1776 as plural).

1. Philosophy. The condition of being deprived of or lacking an attribute or quality formerly or properly possessed; (more generally) the loss or absence of a quality; an instance of this.In the context of scholastic logic, often called the negative or negation of the eighth Aristotelian category (see habit n. 11).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > privation or privative attribute

privationa1398

privative1584

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129^v Priuacioun of matiere and fourme is nat ellis but distruccioun of alle þingis.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 353 (MED) Euery yuel deede is doon..by priuacioun of charite.

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 181 (MED) Whanne I speke of contrariete..I vndirstonde..what euer þing is aȝenstonding anoþir þing, wheþir it be bi streitly takun contrariete, or bi priuacioun of it, or bi contradiccioun to it.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. x. f. 87 To gyue substance to priuation, (that is) beinge to noo beinge.

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. xi. f. 49^v The affirmatiue is called the habite, [i.e. habitus, ἔχειν] the negatiue the priuation thereof.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 107 Habite signifieth disposition, power, and act, to which priuation is opposite.

1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature 22 This Death, which is said to do so many and such wonderful things, is neither a Substance, nor a Positive Entity, but a meer Privation.

1717 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. (1735) ii. 392 Death, abstractly consider'd, is nothing but Privation.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §6. 50 All general privations are great, because they are all terrible; Vacuity, Darkness, Solitude and Silence.

1838 R. W. Emerson Addr. Divinity Coll. 7 Evil is merely privative, not absolute. It is like cold, which is the privation of heat.

1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 10 By unhappiness is intended, pain and the privation of pain.

1911 Catholic Encycl. XII. 314/1 As death is the privation of the principle of life, the death of the soul is the privation of sanctifying grace.

1955 J. D. Wild Challenge of Existentialism iv. 92 What is beyond being is nothing. Hence awareness is non-being. Its activity is an act of nihilating. As potency, it is not. As the privation of being, without which it cannot be understood, it is essentially relational.

1991 J. Dollimore Sexual Dissidence (BNC) 241 Sexual perversion echoes attributes of Augustinian privation: evil lacks authentic being itself.

a. The action of depriving a person or thing of, or of taking something away; the fact of being deprived of something; deprivation. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > [noun] > deprivation or dispossession

privationa1425

deprivation1533

dispossession1576

dispossessment1599

deprival1611

deprivement1630

viduation1653

bereavement1731

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] > action of depriving

privationa1425

depriving1475

deprivation1533

bereavinga1535

disfurniture1565

disfurnishinga1577

disfurnishment1603

deprival1611

deprivement1630

denudation1633

disgarnishing1812

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1806 Þis may be calde..a privacion of þe life When it partes fra þe body in strife.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton I iv A man ought to suffer for a vertuous friend priuacion of all worldly goodes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxxix King Richard had bene in greate ieopardie either of priuacion of his realme or losse of his life or both.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. C6 The priuation of the aire deprives vs of our being.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 15 in Trav. Persia Necessity..constrained them to prefer..the younger, and to fix him in the Throne, tho to the Privation of his elder Brother.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. viii. 263 Merchants, can augment the revenue and wealth of their society..by privation, that is, by depriving themselves of a part of the funds destined for their own subsistence.

1803 Man in Moon 30 Nov. (1804) 47 His mind is in a state of privation from the greatest solace of religious hope.

1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? vii. x Condemned to the painful choice between his society and that of nobody else, or that of anybody else with the rigid privation of his.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 130 Rickets may be produced artificially in animals by absolute privation of lime.

1943 E. F. Adolph Physiol. Regulations iii. 55 Privation of food superimposed on the procedures mentioned diminishes the response to that without thyroid administration.

1999 J. C. Kennedy tr. J. C. H. Blom in J. C. H. Blom & E. Lamberts Hist. Low Countries viii. 438 (caption) The Hunger Winter of 1944 meant privation of food and fuel for both young and old.

†b. Law. The action of depriving a person of an office or position; = deprivation n. 2. In the Roman Catholic Church: the suspension of a priest from an office or benefice. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [noun]

off-puttinga1387

supplantationa1393

deposal1397

deposition1399

amotion1441

privation1444

subversion1470

deposing1480

dispointment1483

quietus est1530

cassing1550

deprivation1551

remove1553

destitution1554

depose1559

abdication1574

dismissionc1600

renvoy1600

displacement1611

deprivement1630

quietus1635

removal1645

deposure1648

displacing1655

cashierment1656

discarding1660

amoval1675

depriving1705

superannuation1722

separation1779

ouster1782

disestablishment1806

dismissal1849

epuration1883

deprival1886

purge1893

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > unfrocking > [noun]

privation1444

disgrading1531

deraignment1539

deprivation1551

unfrocking1644

1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 75/1 When sumevere hit happen the said House or Hospitall here after to void by deth, cession, resignation, privation, or any other wyse, that the Brethern..mowe chese oon of theyme self..to be Maistur.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xlvii^v This warrantyse is expyred by his [sc. the Abbot's] pryuacyon or by his deth.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 1701 Þis Kynge Edwarde gaf sentens And dome of his prywacioun For his hie rebellioun.

1531 Injunctions J. Longland in Archaeologia (1882) 47 59 I chardge and commaunde you undre payne of priuacion that ye [etc.].

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. iii. xi. 329 When a Bishop, &c. make an estate, lease, grant of a Rent charge, Warrantie, or any other Act which may tend to the diminution of the reuenues of the Bishopricke, &c. which should maintaine the successor, there the priuation or translation of the Bishop, &c. is all one with his death.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Privation,..most commonly applied to a Bishop, or Rector of a Church; when by Death, or other act, they are deprived of their Bishoprick or Benefice.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Privation. See Suspension.

3. The state in which food and other essentials for well-being are lacking; (as a count noun, chiefly in plural) an instance of this; an extreme hardship.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > deprivation or underprivilege

privation1768

underprivilege1937

relative deprivation1949

sufferation1976

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 2 Private wrongs..are an infringement or privation of the private or civil rights belonging to individuals..and are thereupon frequently termed civil injuries.

1789 tr. D. Hurtado de Mendoza Life & Adventures Lazarillo de Tormes I. vii. 65 My stomach being accustomed to more nourishment, grumbled and growled excessively at the privation.

1790 C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 67 When you reflect on the many privations which people who cannot help themselves suffer when any of their attendants are out of the way.

1800 R. Ramsden Reflections on War 7 Courage too, to suffer pain, privation, hunger.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 451 His bones [were] sharp and thin..the iron teeth of confinement and privation had been slowly filing them down for twenty years.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. vii. 301 ‘It can be a privation only to me,’..said Maltravers.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iv. i. 351 A needy band of mercenaries, urged by hunger and privation.

1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iv. iii. 268 Prepared by penury and hard fare for the privations of a military life.

1870 Véra (1871) xix. 179 [If] Princess Anna had felt any irk, privation, or strain.

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 344 Carthew related his privations in the Domain and his toils as a navvy.

1941 Times Weekly 5 Feb. 2/3 In spite of air alerts and privations, the population have not lost their courage.

1990 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. (Colour Suppl.) 39/1 Whitbread racing is as much about privation and grim monotony as it is about adrenalin-pumping sailing.

1993 Harper's Mag. Apr. 38/2 The notion that basketball can liberate dedicated players..from the grinding daily privations of the ghetto has become a cherished parable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	privation
释义	privationn. Brit. /prʌɪˈveɪʃn/, U.S. /praɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English priuacioun, Middle English priuacyone, Middle English privacion, Middle English privacyon, Middle English pryuacion, Middle English pryuacioun, Middle English–1500s priuacion, Middle English– privation, 1500s privasion, 1500s pryuacyon, 1500s–1600s priuation; Scottish pre-1700 priuacioune, pre-1700 priwatyown, pre-1700 prywacion, pre-1700 prywacioun, 1700s– privation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French privacion, privation; Latin prīvātiōn-, prīvātiō. Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman privacioun and Anglo-Norman and Middle French privacion, privation (French privation ) loss or absence of a quality formerly or properly possessed (1290 in Old French), suspension of a priest from an office or benefice (late 13th or early 14th cent. or earlier), confiscation (of a possession) (1307), action of depriving a person of an office or position (a1390 or earlier; < priver prive v. + -ation -ation suffix), and partly < classical Latin prīvātiōn-, prīvātiō removal or absence, negation, in post-classical Latin also negation of the fact of having, the eighth Aristotelian category (6th cent.), removal (of person from office or position) (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), act of taking away (a right or privilege) (c1258, c1326 in British sources) < prīvāt- , past participial stem of prīvāre prive v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan privacio (c1350), Catalan privació (13th cent.), Spanish privación (c1250 as priuation ), Portuguese privação (1320), Italian privazione (a1308). Compare deprivation n.Use in sense 3 is apparently not paralleled in French until slightly later (1776 as plural). 1. Philosophy. The condition of being deprived of or lacking an attribute or quality formerly or properly possessed; (more generally) the loss or absence of a quality; an instance of this.In the context of scholastic logic, often called the negative or negation of the eighth Aristotelian category (see habit n. 11). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > privation or privative attribute privationa1398 privative1584 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129^v Priuacioun of matiere and fourme is nat ellis but distruccioun of alle þingis. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 353 (MED) Euery yuel deede is doon..by priuacioun of charite. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 181 (MED) Whanne I speke of contrariete..I vndirstonde..what euer þing is aȝenstonding anoþir þing, wheþir it be bi streitly takun contrariete, or bi priuacioun of it, or bi contradiccioun to it. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. x. f. 87 To gyue substance to priuation, (that is) beinge to noo beinge. 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. xi. f. 49^v The affirmatiue is called the habite, [i.e. habitus, ἔχειν] the negatiue the priuation thereof. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 107 Habite signifieth disposition, power, and act, to which priuation is opposite. 1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature 22 This Death, which is said to do so many and such wonderful things, is neither a Substance, nor a Positive Entity, but a meer Privation. 1717 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. (1735) ii. 392 Death, abstractly consider'd, is nothing but Privation. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §6. 50 All general privations are great, because they are all terrible; Vacuity, Darkness, Solitude and Silence. 1838 R. W. Emerson Addr. Divinity Coll. 7 Evil is merely privative, not absolute. It is like cold, which is the privation of heat. 1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 10 By unhappiness is intended, pain and the privation of pain. 1911 Catholic Encycl. XII. 314/1 As death is the privation of the principle of life, the death of the soul is the privation of sanctifying grace. 1955 J. D. Wild Challenge of Existentialism iv. 92 What is beyond being is nothing. Hence awareness is non-being. Its activity is an act of nihilating. As potency, it is not. As the privation of being, without which it cannot be understood, it is essentially relational. 1991 J. Dollimore Sexual Dissidence (BNC) 241 Sexual perversion echoes attributes of Augustinian privation: evil lacks authentic being itself. 2. a. The action of depriving a person or thing of, or of taking something away; the fact of being deprived of something; deprivation. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > [noun] > deprivation or dispossession privationa1425 deprivation1533 dispossession1576 dispossessment1599 deprival1611 deprivement1630 viduation1653 bereavement1731 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] > action of depriving privationa1425 depriving1475 deprivation1533 bereavinga1535 disfurniture1565 disfurnishinga1577 disfurnishment1603 deprival1611 deprivement1630 denudation1633 disgarnishing1812 a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1806 Þis may be calde..a privacion of þe life When it partes fra þe body in strife. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton I iv A man ought to suffer for a vertuous friend priuacion of all worldly goodes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxxix King Richard had bene in greate ieopardie either of priuacion of his realme or losse of his life or both. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. C6 The priuation of the aire deprives vs of our being. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 15 in Trav. Persia Necessity..constrained them to prefer..the younger, and to fix him in the Throne, tho to the Privation of his elder Brother. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. viii. 263 Merchants, can augment the revenue and wealth of their society..by privation, that is, by depriving themselves of a part of the funds destined for their own subsistence. View more context for this quotation 1803 Man in Moon 30 Nov. (1804) 47 His mind is in a state of privation from the greatest solace of religious hope. 1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? vii. x Condemned to the painful choice between his society and that of nobody else, or that of anybody else with the rigid privation of his. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 130 Rickets may be produced artificially in animals by absolute privation of lime. 1943 E. F. Adolph Physiol. Regulations iii. 55 Privation of food superimposed on the procedures mentioned diminishes the response to that without thyroid administration. 1999 J. C. Kennedy tr. J. C. H. Blom in J. C. H. Blom & E. Lamberts Hist. Low Countries viii. 438 (caption) The Hunger Winter of 1944 meant privation of food and fuel for both young and old. †b. Law. The action of depriving a person of an office or position; = deprivation n. 2. In the Roman Catholic Church: the suspension of a priest from an office or benefice. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [noun] off-puttinga1387 supplantationa1393 deposal1397 deposition1399 amotion1441 privation1444 subversion1470 deposing1480 dispointment1483 quietus est1530 cassing1550 deprivation1551 remove1553 destitution1554 depose1559 abdication1574 dismissionc1600 renvoy1600 displacement1611 deprivement1630 quietus1635 removal1645 deposure1648 displacing1655 cashierment1656 discarding1660 amoval1675 depriving1705 superannuation1722 separation1779 ouster1782 disestablishment1806 dismissal1849 epuration1883 deprival1886 purge1893 society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > unfrocking > [noun] privation1444 disgrading1531 deraignment1539 deprivation1551 unfrocking1644 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 75/1 When sumevere hit happen the said House or Hospitall here after to void by deth, cession, resignation, privation, or any other wyse, that the Brethern..mowe chese oon of theyme self..to be Maistur. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xlvii^v This warrantyse is expyred by his [sc. the Abbot's] pryuacyon or by his deth. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 1701 Þis Kynge Edwarde gaf sentens And dome of his prywacioun For his hie rebellioun. 1531 Injunctions J. Longland in Archaeologia (1882) 47 59 I chardge and commaunde you undre payne of priuacion that ye [etc.]. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. iii. xi. 329 When a Bishop, &c. make an estate, lease, grant of a Rent charge, Warrantie, or any other Act which may tend to the diminution of the reuenues of the Bishopricke, &c. which should maintaine the successor, there the priuation or translation of the Bishop, &c. is all one with his death. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Privation,..most commonly applied to a Bishop, or Rector of a Church; when by Death, or other act, they are deprived of their Bishoprick or Benefice. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Privation. See Suspension. 3. The state in which food and other essentials for well-being are lacking; (as a count noun, chiefly in plural) an instance of this; an extreme hardship. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > deprivation or underprivilege privation1768 underprivilege1937 relative deprivation1949 sufferation1976 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 2 Private wrongs..are an infringement or privation of the private or civil rights belonging to individuals..and are thereupon frequently termed civil injuries. 1789 tr. D. Hurtado de Mendoza Life & Adventures Lazarillo de Tormes I. vii. 65 My stomach being accustomed to more nourishment, grumbled and growled excessively at the privation. 1790 C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 67 When you reflect on the many privations which people who cannot help themselves suffer when any of their attendants are out of the way. 1800 R. Ramsden Reflections on War 7 Courage too, to suffer pain, privation, hunger. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 451 His bones [were] sharp and thin..the iron teeth of confinement and privation had been slowly filing them down for twenty years. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. vii. 301 ‘It can be a privation only to me,’..said Maltravers. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iv. i. 351 A needy band of mercenaries, urged by hunger and privation. 1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iv. iii. 268 Prepared by penury and hard fare for the privations of a military life. 1870 Véra (1871) xix. 179 [If] Princess Anna had felt any irk, privation, or strain. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 344 Carthew related his privations in the Domain and his toils as a navvy. 1941 Times Weekly 5 Feb. 2/3 In spite of air alerts and privations, the population have not lost their courage. 1990 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. (Colour Suppl.) 39/1 Whitbread racing is as much about privation and grim monotony as it is about adrenalin-pumping sailing. 1993 Harper's Mag. Apr. 38/2 The notion that basketball can liberate dedicated players..from the grinding daily privations of the ghetto has become a cherished parable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
随便看	alkalescencies alkalescency alkalescent alkali alkali act alkali albumen alkali albuminate alkali amphibole alkali basalt alkali blue alkali bush alkali cellulose alkali desert alkali feldspar alkali flat alkali granite alkali metal alkali plant alkali sacaton alkali salt alkali soil alkali waste alkali works alkali-maker alkali-resistant