| 释义 |
principalityn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French principalté, principalité. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman principalté, principaltee and Middle French principalité (c1175 in Old French; French principauté , (now only in sense 6) principalité ) superiority, power, sovereignty (c1175 in Old French), territory held or governed by a prince (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (usually in plural) a member of one of the nine orders of the celestial hierarchy (1557 in Calvin: compare quot. 1561 at sense 5) < post-classical Latin principalitat- , principalitas chief or ruling part (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), pre-eminence, superiority (4th cent.), spiritual power (4th cent. with reference to Ephesians 1:2; compare sense 5), chief, leader (5th cent.; 6th cent. as a title; compare sense 1c), authority or territory of a prince (11th cent.), position of principal of a college or university (frequently 1305–1412 in British sources) < classical Latin principālis principal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan principalitat power, importance, superiority (14th cent.), Italian †principalità fact of being principal (a1311). Compare principate n.With sense 1c compare French principauté (1664 as a form of address to a prince, in an apparently isolated attestation). In sense 2b probably after post-classical Latin principalitas (early 3rd cent. in this sense: see above). In sense 5 ultimately after post-classical Latin principatus (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek ἀρχαί (both plural, in the New Testament). In the Dionysian hierarchy, ἀρχαί were the seventh order. This use is founded mainly on passages in the Pauline epistles, in which ἀρχή ‘rule, ruler’ has been taken to refer to a spiritual power. (In the King James Bible, principality translates Greek ἀρχή eight times; in six of these the Vulgate has principatus , in two (Ephesians 6:12, Titus 3:1) principes ‘princes’. The Revised version has in Ephesians 1:21, rule ; in Titus 3:1, rulers ; compare quot. 1560 at sense 1aβ. ) With sense 6 compare Anglo-Norman principalte (early 15th cent. or earlier in this sense), Middle French, French principalat (1587 in Middle French in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1752), French †principauté (1657 in this sense), principalité (1680 in this sense). †1. society > authority > [noun] > royal or princely authority society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of prince α. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) cxxxviii. 16 (MED) Ha, God, þin frendes for-soþe ben michel worþshiped to me; her principalte [v.r. princehode] is mychel conforted. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 213 Þe gretteste and most palys of alle was in þe myddel of þe citee, in tokene of oon principalte [?a1475 anon. tr. monarchy; L. monarchiæ] of all þe world wide. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 1672 (MED) Nabugodenozar..Now is alle þy pryncipalte past at ones, And þou..on mor most abide. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in ii. f. cccxxxviii Right as man halte the principalte of al thyng vnder his beynge, in the masculyne gender. 1819 Ld. Byron 12 Aug. (1976) VI. 209 It was a very noble piece of principality. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in 2nd Ser. II. 127 May it please your honour—I mean your principality. 2. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 167 Among alle þe mountys of Siria, mount liban hath principalte in hiȝenesse. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 141v Þe egle..haþ principalite [L. obtinet principatum] among foules. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 85 (MED) It nediþ þe..to amende al þe bodi, & namely þo lymes þat han principalte [L. membra principalia] in mannes body. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 327 (MED) Wille haþ principalite to-fore witt of mannes soule. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 202/2 He was sayd chief by reson of the pryncipalyte in prelacyon. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner iii. f. 160v For the recouering of memory, defnesse, and the crampe, this obtayneth principalitie. 1631 W. Gouge iii. §5. 191 The word..signifieth to obtaine principality, or to prevaile. a1677 T. Manton (1685) vi. 146 Christ hath the primacy of Order, and the principality of influence. 1884 J. Ruskin x. §196 The heavenly look on the face of St. Stephen is not set off with raised light, or opposed shade, or principality of place. 1915 G. L. Raymond 267 Principality in art... That which attracts special attention..is that which seems to the observer to have principality. Everything else..appears subordinate. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > most important > part 1567 J. Maplet f. 29v But now let vs heare in eche Plant his principalitie. a1620 M. Fotherby (1622) i. xi. §5. 121 The Atheist, giuing the principalitie of his loue and seruice, onely to himselfe. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 192v Of phelippe þe londe of Jewes was departede in foure particuler principaltees [L. principatus]. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 1737 (MED) Þe prouynce & principalte [v.r. principalite] of Persye la graunt. 1459 V. 363/1 All avoidaunces of Bisshopriches, Dignitees, and grete Offices perteynyng to the said Principaltee and Duchie [of Cornwall] be and stond at oure will. 1538–9 in R. K. Hannay (1932) 480 And als becaus the saidis landis are ane part of the principalite or at lest annexit tharto. 1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in 60 He safely went his way The principalitie through I him conuay. 1617 F. Moryson i. 275 Vpon the confines of Italy, and the seuerall principalities thereof. 1646 J. Maxwell 7 Crime..committed, within the Seignory of this pettie Principality. 1705 J. Addison 8 On the Promontory..was formerly the Temple of Hercules Monœcus, which still gives the Name to this small Principality [sc. Monaco]. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching VI. 512 The division of the county is erroneously marked,..the principality of Jauer belonging to the prefecturate of Breslau. 1836 J. Murray 303/1 Paderborn..formerly capital of an ecclesiastical principality, and seat of a University. 1889 F. E. Gretton 189 Of your fashionable sea-bathing resorts, the Principality boasts a pair—Tenby and Aberystwith. 1905 617 Samos... A principality of the Ottoman Empire, more or less independent. 1994 June 50/1 The fish are not so generously distributed in Wales, although the Principality does contain some good tench waters. 2000 21 Oct. 2/3 Destitute players would be paraded around the principality [of Monte Carlo], so that everyone could mark them down as uncreditworthy. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > ruler of principality > position of 1485 VI. 350/1 Auditour of the Principalite of Northwales. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel 1 The beginning of the Principalitie..of Wales. a1727 I. Newton (1728) i. 119 Caranus and Perdiccas..erected small principalities in Macedonia. 1854 J. H. Newman iv. i. 215 China was for many centuries the seat of a number of petty principalities. 1897 25 Mar. 5/4 The proposed Principality of Crete under Prince George. 1993 E. Bloom & L. Bloom III. (Editorial notes) 152 Edward..king of England..eradicated the autonomous principality of Wales. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > good or evil the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of > principalities 1560 Coloss. i. 16 By him were all things created, which are in heauen, and which are in earth..whether they be Thrones, or Dominions, or Principalities, or Powers [1534 Tindale to 1557 Geneva, maieste or lordshippe, ether rule or power].] 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin i. xiv. f. 45v Bicause he [sc. God] exerciseth and vseth his authorite in the world by them [sc. companies of angels], therfore they are somtime called Principalities [L. Principatus, Fr. Principautez], somtime powers, somtime Dominions. 1628 R. Burton (ed. 3) i. ii. i. ii. 43 Plato..made nine kindes of [spirits], first God, secondly Ideaæ, 3 Intelligences, 4 Archangels, 5 Angels, 6 Diuels, 7 Heroes, 8 Principalities, 9 Princes. 1667 J. Milton vi. 447 In th' assembly next upstood Nisroc, of Principalities the prime. View more context for this quotation 1756 A. Butler II. 317 The fathers from the sacred oracles distinguish nine Orders of these holy spirits, namely, the Seraphims, Cherubims and Thrones; Dominations, Principalities and Powers; Virtues, Archangels and Angels. 1836 C. Elliott 13 Principalities and powers, Mustering their unseen array, Wait for thy unguarded hours. 1916 J. Joyce iii. 129 No longer the meek Jesus of Nazareth,..He is seen now coming upon the clouds, in great power and majesty, attended by..choirs of angels,..archangels, principalities, powers and virtues. 1986 F. Peretti xi. 132 These were spirits from the principality levels. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > principal > office of society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > in American colonies > position of 1621 in P. J. Anderson (1889) I. 187 Mr. Willeame Forbes..quha wes principall of the college of this burghe..hes dimittit his office of principalitie in the handis of the earle marshall. 1641 in E. Hazard (1792) I. 474 Sir Ferdinando Gorges Knight Lord of the Province of Maine..in the second yeare of my Principallity in Newe England. 1660 A. Wood (1891) I. 363 First, the principality of Jesus; then, the presidentship of Trinity College. 1691 A. Wood I. 148 In 1546 he was made Principal of St. Maries Hall,..in 1550 he resign'd his Principality. 1712 T. Hearne (1889) III. 460 No body to have two Principalities at the same time. 1855 G. Hill (title) The right of appointment to the Principality of St. Edmund's Hall. 1885 A. Christison et al. I. 428 The principality of a small University like that of St. Andrews. 2006 website.lineone.net 8 Mar. (O.E.D. Archive) It is with a little sadness now that I recall I did not eventually take over the principality of the school myself, as she and I had hoped I would. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1350 |
