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principaten. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin principātus. Etymology: < classical Latin principātus chief or leading position, pre-eminence, chief position in the state, supremacy, rule, government, in post-classical Latin also angels or demons (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), rule of a territorial prince (10th cent.), territorial principality, great men of a realm as a body (11th cent.) < princip- , princeps (see princeps n. and adj.) + -ātus -ate suffix1. With the β. forms compare Middle French, French principat (1310 in Old French in sense 3; 14th cent. in sense 2; first half of the 15th cent., and subsequently from the 19th cent., in sense 4; 16th cent. in sense 1a). Compare also Old Occitan, Occitan principat (c1200 or earlier in sense 3, end of the 13th cent. or earlier in sense ‘hierarchy, rank, supremacy’), Catalan principat (late 13th cent. or earlier), Spanish principado (a1250 or earlier), Portuguese principado (14th cent.), Italian principato (13th cent.). Compare earlier principality n., princehood n., princehead n.Sense 1b appears to be a transferred use of sense 1a; it is apparently not paralleled in Latin or the Romance languages. For earlier use of the Latin word (in sense 2) in an English context compare:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 Þæt synt englas, & heahenglas, throni, dominationes, principatus [OE Vitell. C.v principatus (ealdorscypas), a1225 Vesp. A.xxii principatus (alderscipen)], potestates, uirtutes, cherubim seraphim. Her sindon nigan engla werod.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxiv. 374 Principatus sind ealdorscipas, þe ðæra goddra engla gymað, & hi be heora dihte þa godcundlican gerynu gefyllað. 1. society > authority > [noun] > royal or princely authority c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Eph. i. 21 Settinge [Christ] on his riȝthalf in heuenly thingis, aboue ech principat [L. principatum] or power of princes. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 317 Oon [Hebrew] schulde bere adoun þe principat of Egypt [?a1475 anon. transl. make Egipte meke and tame; L. principatum Ægypti] and arere þe kynde of Israel. a1425 (a1400) (1916) 1 Cor. xv. 24 Þe ende schal be when he has betake þe kyngdam to god and to þe fadyr, and schal hafe voydyd ylke princypate [L. principatum] and potestat and vertue. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 233/2 The cyte the whiche helde the pryncipate of the other citees in Italye. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xlvi. 3 Vices, ill werkis, and fleyssely affeccion he sett vndire the fete of charite, swa that we trede thaim down; if we be thus heghe in erth, we sall be ful heghe in heuen; this principate has nane bot haly men. 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria f. 286 They proudely denye that the Romane churche obteyneth the principate and preeminent autoritie of all other. 1606 W. Warner xvi. ci. 399 And Rees thus slaine the Principate of South-Wales so was done. a1641 R. Montagu (1642) iv. 255 Thus ended..the Dukedome, or Principate of the Maccabees. a1677 I. Barrow (1680) 86 That under two metaphors the principate of the whole Church was promised. 1904 W. M. Ramsay in Apr. 246 As yet Ephesus had no principate in the Church except what it derived from its own character and conduct. 1958 D. Moore tr. F. Chabod ii. 98 He [sc. Machiavelli] does not dream of the republic that will follow the Principate of the Medici. 1989 (Nexis) 24 Dec. (Bk. Review) 9 A significant byproduct of Hutchins' principate at Chicago was the acquisition of Encyclopaedia Britannica. society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) (1859) 93 Seynt Powle claymed by the deth that he suffred the Aureole of martirs,..he must also as one chyef and pryncipate were also the aureole of prechours. 1596 C. Fitzgeffry sig. B8v Fettring with golden chaines their principates, And leading captive, Spaines chiefe potentates. 1602 ( D. Lindsay (Charteris) sig. F2 Thus pepill follows ay thair principate. 1651 N. Biggs §31 His ambition to be Principate in Physick. the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of > principalities c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. viii. 38 Nether angels nether pryncipatis [L. principatus], nether virtutes..nether othir creature schal may departe vs fro the charite of God. ?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori in (1970) i. 214 Abouen all thynges is to been associed to the conpaignies of the trones, dominacions, Principatz & potestatz of Angels. a1475 (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 2075 (MED) Þe fourþe is now principate, And maister of good spiritis he hate. ?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio 73 Euen as a man woulde saye Angels, Arch~angels, Thrones, Dominations, Principates. 1635 T. Heywood iv. 194 In the third order Principates are plac't; Next them, Arch-Angels. 1712 H. Curzon II. 133 The Angels in Heaven are of 9 Holy Orders, as Seraphins, whose Prince is Mettaron..Principates, whose Ruler is Hamiel [etc]. 1762 T. Gent Ep. Ded. following p. xxiii The Sacred Orders of Ministring Spirits..anciently styl'd, Arch-Angels, Angels, Principates, Potestates, Virtutes, Dominations, Thrones, Cherubin and Seraphin. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of prince a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 291 (MED) Kyng Edward ȝaf his sone Edward þe principate of Wales [L. principatum Walliae] and þe erldom of Chestre. a1402 J. Trevisa tr. (Harl.) 10 (MED) He may take, of princes & of kynges, principates and kyngdoms at his owne wille & ȝeue where hym likeþ. ?1530 J. Rastell sig. Cvi [They] rulyd Ioyntly the princypat of west saxonis. a1583 H. Gilbert (1869) 3 All monarchies and best knowen Common weales or principates that both haue bene and are. 1652 P. Heylyn ii. sig. Aa6 There is reckoned one principate, 10 Earldoms, 12 Peerdoms, or Pairries. 1759 J. Barrow I. at Basilicate Basilicata, a province belonging to the kingdom of Naples..is bounded by..part of Bari, on the E. and by the two principates on the W. 1884 tr. J. J. Rein i. 7 The Riukiu..constituted until lately a separate principate or Han. 1954 E. Lewis tr. Dante De Monarchia xi in II. viii. 492 A monarch has nothing to desire, for his jurisdiction is bounded only by the ocean, as is not the case with other princes, whose principates are bounded by those of others. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Feb. s12 In the tiny mountain principate of Andorra, twenty children were trapped inside their school overnight. society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in ancient Rome 1858 C. Merivale VI. liv. 300 In the emperor's principate or first place in the senate they fully acquiesced. 1875 C. Merivale lviii. 464 The principate of Claudius had been, on the whole, a period of general prosperity. 1893 J. B. Bury ii. 15 The Empire as constituted by Augustus is often called the Principate, as opposed to the absolute monarchy into which it developed at a later stage... §3 According to constitutional theory, the state was still governed under the Principate by the senate and people. 1900 T. Hodgkin in 7 July 9/1 The ‘Principate’ as it is now usual to style the supreme power held by Augustus and Tiberius. 1988 III. 28/2 [Augustus's] achievement was the creation of the Principate, a system of stable and effectively monarchic government. 2004 37 1 Under the principate that soon became the Roman Empire, the form of the law was often observed, but the spirit of the law was often lost. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † principatev.Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or perhaps (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Latin principat- , principari ; principiate v. Etymology: Either < post-classical Latin principat-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of principari to begin (see principiate v.), or perhaps merely a transmission error for principiate v. Obsolete. rare. the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] c1650 47 Is it possible..that Don Bellianis should with such glory principate his haughty deeds of Chivalry? a1676 M. Hale (1677) iv. vi. 344 The Things or Effects principated or effected by this intelligent active Principle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2020). <  n.c1384 v.c1650 |
