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procuratorn.1 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French procuratour; Latin prōcūrātor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman procuratour, procuretur, prokeratour, Anglo-Norman and Old French procurator, Middle French procurateur (French procurateur ) person who acts or has power to act on another's behalf (1180 in Anglo-Norman), person in religious orders responsible for the financial interests of a religious body (1317), in Anglo-Norman also helper, abettor (14th cent. or earlier), (at Oxford) proctor (early 15th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin prōcūrātor manager, superintendent, agent, steward, financial administrator of a province, attorney, in post-classical Latin also proctor in the ecclesiastical courts (from 13th cent. in British sources), university official (from 1219 with reference to the University of Paris (see examples below); frequently from 1248 in British sources (see examples at proctor n.1)) < prōcūrāt- , past participial stem of prōcūrāre procure v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Catalan procurador (14th cent.), Spanish procurador (12th cent.), Portuguese procurador (13th cent.), Italian procuratore (late 13th cent.). Compare proctor n.1, procurer n.Attested slightly earlier as a surname (earliest as Thomas le procurator (1275)), although it is uncertain whether this reflects this Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word. In sense 4c, with reference to Russia, after Russian prokuror (1762); with reference to China, translating Chinese jiǎncháguān . Compare the following examples of post-classical Latin procurator in sense 5 (and compare proctor n.1 for examples with reference to Oxford and Cambridge):1219 in Bulaeus Hist. Univ. Paris (1666) III. 94 Quod super hoc a suis Procuratoribus contingeret ordinari.1237 in H. Rashdall Universities of Europe in Middle Ages (1895) II. 314 (note) Ut nullus contra universitatem magistrorum vel scholarium seu rectorem vel procuratorem eorum aut quemquam alium pro Universitatis vel facto vel occasione &c.1244 Statute of Faculty of Arts, Paris in Bulaeus Hist. Univ. Paris III. 195 Quo vsque pro qualitate et quantitate delicti vel transgressionis Mandati Vniuersitatis Rectori et Procuratori pro Vniuersitate fuerit ad plenum et pro ipsorum voluntate satisfactum.1453 in Munim. Univ. Glasg. (Maitland) I. 6 Rectores.., decanos, procuratores nacionum, regentes, magistros et scolares. In sense 7 after Italian procuratore (late 13th cent. in spec. use in Venice in procuratore di San Marco). 1. A person who is employed to manage the affairs of another or is authorized to act on behalf of another in any business; an agent, an attorney. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > procurator society > faith > church government > monasticism > monastic functionary > hordarian (in charge of property) > [noun] c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 361 in C. Horstmann (1887) 229 Þis procuratour heom cam aȝein and welcomede heom a-non, And custe seint brendanes fet and þe Monekes echon. 1423–4 in H. E. Salter (1933) 15 (MED) Thys ys ye acompte of Robert Stratford and William Sporier, procurators of owre lady in the churche of seynt Michell. a1475 in A. Clark (1906) ii. 492 (MED) Yeldyng..yerely to the forsaid abbesse and Couent..or to ther procuratour vj shillings. a1500 (c1410) (Hunterian) (1976) i. 319 (MED) Sent Gregory bad his procuratour & rewler of þe couentis goodis þat he schulde ȝeuyn hym som elmesse. c1535 iii. sig. C.iv [Secular canons] have a gederyng procuratour That can the poore people enplede And robben hem as a rauynour. 1537 in C. Innes (1845) I. 413 Quhilk faltis salbe wryttne owklie and daylie be the collectour and commound procuratour of the cheplandis. 1602 W. Watson 38 To get a dodkin of a Iesuit or his procurator it is impossible. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1645 (1955) II. 384 The procurator of the Carmelites preaching on our Saviors feeding the Multitude. a1700 Diary Blue Nuns in (1910) 8 43 Her brother of the Society [of Jesus] being then Procurator for his order. 1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold 698/2 The procurators or official agents of monasteries of nuns should not hold office more than three years. 1909 B. Ward I. 55 The procurator [at Douay] was Rev. Gregory Stapleton, who had held that office since 1773. 1931 J. Clayton v. 35 The procurator was guest master... Other visitors to the Grande Chartreuse claimed the procurator's time... They loved him, Hugh the procurator, for the gracious speech and courteous treatment. 1993 (Special ed.) 4/1 The missing server..had spotted the procurator of his residence snooping around his church. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 139 in C. Horstmann (1887) 466 (MED) Ore louerd makede hire [sc. Mary Magdalene] is procuratour, his leof and is hostesse. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xx. 8 The lord of the vyne ȝerd seith to his procuratour, ‘Clepe the workmen.’ c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 253 (MED) I make pieres þe plowman my procuratour & my reve. c1451 J. Capgrave (1910) 91 Nowt as a gouernour of his owne, but as a procuratour and a seruaunt of oþer mennes ricchesse. c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 241 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 229 He mad hyme [sc. Judas] his procuratore, þo he wyste he suld be traytore. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 34 (MED) Judas was to God made so familiare and nye that Crist made hym his procuratoure..And so he bare the purse of Crist. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria ii. vi. f. 72 Alphonsus Nunnez..who also was lyke to haue byn chosen procuratoure of this vyage. 1687 in (1935) I. 431 For that end demanded the said procurator his mandat and commission from the saids sisters for requireing the said service to be exped. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > Member of Parliament > speaker of Commons 1399 III. 424/1 The States of this Londe..made thes same Persones..her Procuratours, and gafen hem full auctorite. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 182 Ffor sen the pure man seis he may nocht send his procuratour or depute to help the tane, and ga jn persone to the tothir. 1548 f. cxlviij The Marques of Suffolke, as procurator to Kyng Henry, espoused thesaid Ladie, in the churche of sainct Martyns. 1602 W. Fulbecke i. 30 Actions doe not passe, but the grauntor if he will haue the grauntees to take any benefit by the graunt, must make the grauntees or one of them his procurators to sue in his name, and to recouer to their owne vse. 1682 J. Scarlett 156 A prudent Merchant..will advise all his Correspondents (on whom his Procurator shall have occasion to draw, &c.)..that he hath granted to such and such a one such a full Power to draw in his Name Bills of Exchange. 1874 W. Stubbs I. xiii. 634 The early representative members..were frequently..invested with the character or procurators or proxies. 1997 F. A. D'Accone vi. 314 A document from 11 September 1516 in which he named a Modenese citizen as his procurator indicates that he was a layman. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] a1382 (Bodl. 959) Esther viii. 9 June þe þre & twentiþe dai of it, ben writen þe epistolis..to þe Jewis & to þe princis & procuratouris [1535 Coverdale Debities, 1611 King James deputies, 1970 New Eng. governors; L. procuratores] & jugis. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. xiii. 2 Judas knewȝ Antiochus Eupator for to cume..and with hym Lisias, procuratoure [1535 Coverdale Stewarde, 1611 King James protector, 1970 New Eng. vicegerent; L. procuratorem] and prepoost of needis. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 79 (MED) Sendeþ lettres..to Aryon, procuratour of Alexandria. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 16023 (MED) Pilate, þair procuratur [a1400 Gött. procketur]..sett vteouer þam vnder cesar þe king. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) vii. 1478 (MED) Hise sone, Titus, he made his cheef capteyn, His procuratour to gouerne in Iude. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Royal) v. xiii. 4319 Hade he callyt Lucyus procuratoure, Qwhar þat he callit hym emperoure. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus 246 Whereas in former times they had onelie one king, now were there two thrust vpon them, the Lieutenant to sucke their bloud, the Procuratour their substance. 1593 G. Harvey 81 As Paul demeaned himselfe..before the twoo Romane Procuratours of that Prouince, Felix, and Festus. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) 20585 To procuratouris of Cesaris. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xiv. viii, in tr. Josephus 441 Cesar..made him [sc. Antipater] procurator of Judea. ?1790 E. Barnard ii. iv. 22/2 The avarice, injustice, and brutality of Catus Decianus, the Roman procurator. 1877 J. C. Geikie I. xviii. 278 [Herod's palace]..became the residence of the procurators. 1880 L. Wallace v. viii. 338 He has given the procurator time to answer him. 1967 A. N. Sherwin-White ii. 53 Finally the sons of successful procurators become senators. This is a familiar tale in this prosopographical age. 1991 21 Dec. 1569/1 Someone in our prayer group remarked how God chose to come under the rule of Tiberius Caesar when Pontius Pilate was procurator of Judea. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager (Titus) (1851) 8 (MED) Prelatis and curatis..ben the officeris of Crist and procuratouris of pore men. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 60 (MED) Þes prelates ben procuratours of þe fend, enemyes of crist, & traitours of his peple. 1484 W. Caxton tr. iii He went to a philosophre which was the procuratour of the poure peple and prayd hym for charyte that he wold gyue to hym good counceylle of his grete nede. 1528 D. Lindsay 1049 Tyll dame Fortune thow nedis no procurature; For scho hes lairglie kyithit on the hir cure. 1609 S. Daniel (rev. ed.) iv. xxvii. 94 To confirme and seale Their vndertaking, with their dearest bloud, As Procurators for the Common-weale. 4. Law. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent > attorney society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > [noun] > officer of c1395 G. Chaucer 1596 May I nat axe a libel, sire somnour, And answere there by my procuratour To swich thyng as men wole opposen me? c1460 in A. Clark (1907) 89 (MED) Þe cawse..is i-sterid bitwene..thabbot and couent of Oseney, actors, by ffrere Roger Waldis..here procuratour lawfully ordeyned. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 102 My procuratour yat j mak on myn awin cost, to defend me. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 696 There is one Procurator for the king, & two Aduocats, to looke to the kings prerogatiues. 1587 (1814) III. 460/2 All and quhatsumeuir lieges of þis realme accuisit of tressoun..salhaif þair aduocattis and procuratoris to vse all þe lauchfull defenses. 1622 H. Peacham i. 14 In criminall causes, Noblemen may appeare by their Atturney, or Procurator. 1656 in J. A. Clyde (1938) II. 16 Through the negligence or ignorance of the procurator. 1665 G. Havers & J. Davies tr. clxxxviii. 308 The Laws show sufficiently what hath been the opinion of Legislators upon this matter, when they forbid Advocates and Procurators to plead and practise in their own Cause. 1702 No. 3818/4 Her Majesty has been pleased to appoint..Thomas Smith Esq.; Her Majesties Procurator in all Causes, Maritime, Foreign, Ecclesiastical and Civil. 1709 in W. M. Morison 12,248 It is the constant custom in inferior courts, for a defender's procurator to get first a general mandate to defend. 1752 J. Louthian (ed. 2) 95 His Majesty's Advocate, or other Advocates, or Procurators for the Pannel, were ordained to debate the Relevancy viva voce. 1754 J. Collyer tr. Voltaire 137 When the dukes required the poor gentlemen to stile them Monseigneur, the presidents demanded as much from the advocates and procurators. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in IV. 33 The proctors, otherwise procurators, exhibit their proxies for their clients. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vii, in 2nd Ser. I. 192 Writing himself procurator before the Sheriff-court, for in those days there were no solicitors. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke (ed. 2) I. 275 That the evil did not arise from his good lords and friends the bishops, but from the judges, officials, and procurators, who sought..only their own profit. 1868 7 Mar. 3 Having heard parties' procurators, and thereafter considered the whole case. 1904 A. M. Anderson (ed. 2) 269 In all cases a procurator who is entitled to conduct proceedings in the courts of the district of the second diet shall be entitled to appear at the first diet. 1952 Feb. 29 The Procurator is proper to the Canon Law, the term being taken over from Roman Law, but in our practice the word Procurator has practically swallowed up Attorney... In England the Attorney and the Proctor remained distinct. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor > in Scotland 1402 in J. Slater (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 56 The procuratoures of the burowys forsaidez hauand full & plenere commissions vndir the comon selys of the forsaidez burowys callit & apperand before vs and oure consaillie vndirwrytin. 1482 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 155 Forsamekil as thai haue constitut..vnder thare commoun seil richt worschipful..clerkis..thare verray lachful and vndoutit procuratouris..ande has..gevin to thaime thare..pouer..to compere in quhatsumeuer banckis of Rome [etc.]. 1554 in (1958) 7 48 To Mr. David Borthik procuratour for the said burgh. 1598 (1939) I. 360 The saidis magistrattis..hes..electit Robert Bell procurator for the commoun weill. 1606 (1958) II. 4 Thomas Gledstanis elder also is chosin procurator for the commoun weill. 1888 W. E. Henley & R. L. Stevenson (rev. ed.) i. i. 13 Brodie. There was my uncle the Procurator—Smith. The Fiscal? 1899 6 May 2/1 Four pleaded guilty of rioting only. The plea was accepted by the Procurator, and the men were sentenced to thirty days' each with the alternative of a £5 fine. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor 1917 A. S. Kaun tr. A. Kornilov II. xxvi. 102 Accusations were to be formulated and supported by the procurator, while the interests of the defendant were to be upheld by a sworn attorney. 1918 3 12 The establishment or abolition of a procuratorate is regulated by law, and the number of procurators is decided by the Ministry of Justice. 1934 B. W. Maxwell i. 10 The procuracy was headed by a chief procurator who served under the supervision of the minister of justice and was known as the procurator-general. 1955 31 May 8/1 Prosecution: Hou Cheng, military procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China. 1996 R. H. Mitchell Intord. p. xvi Procurators faced an uphill battle in gaining convictions. 2002 R. Peerenboom Introd. 7 The government has sought to rebuild its legal institutions and promote greater professionalization of judges, procurators, lawyers, and police. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > procurator 1451 V. 222/1 That this Acte of Ordenaunce extende not to oure Collage of Goodehouse of Cambrig'; ne to the Procuratour nor Scolers of the same Collage. c1453 in H. Anstey (1898) I. 319 (MED) Thomas Sawnders, doctour of decres, Commissarie generall in the Universite of Oxonforde..John Yong, John Saymur, procurators. 1522 in J. Robertson & C. Innes (1854) I. 48 To the Vniuersite of the cete of Glasgw and to the rectouris denis of faculte procuratouris regentis maisteris and scolaris of the sammyne. 1574 M. Stokys in G. Peacock (1841) App. A. p. x Then shall folowe..nexte the Father the two Procuratours. 1656 P. Heylyn ii. vi. 85 These four Nations..choose yearly four Proctors or Procurators; so called, quia negotia nationis suae procurant. 1664 in (1898) II. 11 The colledge being fullie conveened and divided in four nationes..did..nominat..procurators for electing of ane Rector. 1727 in J. Robertson & C. Innes (1854) II. 570 Each nation shall elect an intrant or delegate, to whom the procurator shall intimate the person whom the nation shall so chuse for Rector. 1767 Bp. Challoner in E. H. Burton (1909) II. 109 Choose the two Professors that are wanted, one of whom you may also make Procurator, who will ease you as to what relates to your accounts. 1799 J. Sinclair XXI. App. 57 The collection and distribution of the revenue is committed to a procurator or common receiver. 1831 W. Hamilton in June 407 In Paris, each of the four nations elected its own procurator. 1896 16 Nov. 7/3 The students at Aberdeen do not give a direct vote for the Rectorial candidates. They vote for a student who represents them, called the Procurator. 1934 W. M. Alexander vi The unique survival in Aberdeen University of the Procurators of the Nations. 1948 P. Kibre v. 183 The students assembled according to their nations for the purpose of choosing procurators or proctors who would elect the rector. 1971 466 The Rector is elected by the Matriculated Students, divided into four Nations... Each Nation chooses a Procurator who must be nominated..by seven students. †6. the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > agent or person who causes the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > by instrumentality of an agent > one who the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > that which produces 1486 c. 2 Such Mys-doers, takers, and procuratours to the same, and receytours,..[shall] be..juged as principall felons. 1642 W. Bird 44 Charge him with..fellony, or to be a procurator thereof, or accessory thereunto. 1647 W. Lilly xliv. 270 [The planet Mars] being a very sharpe heater and procurator of blood. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > [noun] > arranging of loans > one who arranges loans 1677 A. Yarranton 8 The Gentleman gets..Friends..to be bound for his Covenants, whom if they [the lenders] accept, then the Procurator and Continuator have their Game to play. society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > in Italian cities or Venice 1611 T. Coryate sig. X6v One of the most honorable Magistrates of the whole city [of Venice] is the Procurator of S. Marke. a1630 F. Moryson in (1903) i. vii. 115 These Procurators namely the old Dukes chosen for life, and the old Gouernors chosen for two yeares, haue Care of the Treasure, and other publique affayres, and are of great reputation. 1648 J. Raymond 195 Whilst wee were at Venice, there was a new made Procurator, (the second man in the Republick) enterd into his office. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1645 (1955) II. 449 The Dodges vest is of Crimson Velvet, the Procurator's &c. of Damasc. 1701 iv. 27 The Duke [of Genoa] is assisted with eight Senator-Governors, and four Procurators; two of which, in their turns, lodge with him in the Ducal Palace four months in the year. 1729 T. Salmon X. 10 The Treasury.., which is never open'd but in the Presence of one of the Procurators of St. Mark, who are the Guardians of it. 1794 E. Burke Pref. to Brissot's Addr. Constituents in (1808) VII. 304 The treacherous Manuel was procurator of the Common-hall. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi ix. 204 Two senators, distinguished by the title of procurators of St. Mark, were charged to attend in the camp. 1865 A. Maffei II. 159 The elaborate requisition presented by the royal procurator..contains some passages which are worth preserving. 1911 E. R. Williams vi. 214 Marcantonio Barbaro, Procurator of St. Mark, and his brother Daniele, the Patriarch of Aquileia. 1998 T. Martin ii. 109 In 1929, the 400th anniversary of his appointment as Protomagister of the Procurators of St Mark, his ashes were interred in S. Marco where they still remain. Compounds General attributive and appositive. 1513–14 Edinb. Hammermen f. 81v, in at Procurato(u)r To Sir Thomas Maxwell for his procratour fee to stand, v s. 1518 Edinb. Hammermen f. 97v, in at Procurato(u)r For his procuratour fee. 1709 No. 4545/1 He was there [sc. at Venice] crowned by the Procurator-Treasurer. 1729 T. Salmon X. 414 Being Crowned by the Procurator Treasurer, he usually makes a Speech to the People. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : pro-curatorn.2 <  n.1c1300see also |
