promotev.

Brit.

/prəˈməʊt/, U.S.

/prəˈmoʊt/

Forms: late Middle English promoote, late Middle English promote (past tense), late Middle English–1500s promote (past participle), late Middle English– promote, 1600s promot; Scottish pre-1700 promitt, pre-1700 prommott, pre-1700 promot, pre-1700 1700s– promote.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōmōt-, prōmovēre.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōmōt-, past participial stem of prōmovēre to cause to move forward, to push forward, to advance, to encourage, to advance to a higher office, to make headway, progress, in post-classical Latin also to institute criminal proceedings in an ecclesiastical court (c1408, 1595 in British sources in promovere officium ) < prō- pro- prefix¹ + movēre move v. Compare Middle French promoter to incite, prompt, move (a1377).

I. To advance the interests of, move to a stronger or more prominent position.

a. transitive. To advance (a person) to a position of honour, dignity, or emolument (†also into the holder of such a position). Also without prepositional phrase: to raise to a higher rank, grade, or office; to prefer.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > promote or upgrade

advancec1300

promote1402

to kick (someone) upstairs1678

upgrade1920

to bump up1957

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person)

advancec1300

vaunce1303

before-seta1382

profera1400

promote1402

prefer1548

engrace1610

to kick (someone) upstairs1678

rocket1931

up1945

fast-track1977

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > appointment to rank > appoint to rank [verb (transitive)] > promote

promote1402

to make up1943

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person) > to some status

prefera1393

promote1402

promovec1425

represent1435

move1556

1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 94 Preestes..to fatte benefices wolde be promotid.

c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 145 Þe emperour..promoted [L. promovit] hym sone into a bisshop.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 385 (MED) A man..schewede to hym by augury..that he scholde be promotede ageyne.

c1530 Crt. of Love 1261 For where a lover thinketh him promote, Envy will grucch, repyning at his wele.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. K.iiij Two things moue men to affect mony so so much as they do: y^e one, for feare least they shold fal into pouertie & beggery..y^e other, to be aduanced, & promoted to high dignities & honors vpon earth.

1633 Acts Parl. Scotl. V. 73/2 With..libertie to the persones promotit and graduatit in the samyne [subjects] to read teach doe and excerce all things quhatsumever the persones promoted to the same degries within the vniversitie of Paris [etc.]..may doe or exerce.

1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ iv. 167 Leontius his way was, to promote onely those in the Church, he was beforehand sure of.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xi. 87 He..had..so well ingratiated himself with his Officers, that he had promoted himself to a Halberd.

1771 E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses v. 165 Until the Restoration, when his sufferings and merits were considered, and he promoted to Winchester.

1822 Ld. Byron Werner i. i. 676 I'll promote you to the ranks In the prince's body-guard.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §5. 140 Boniface..was promoted to..the Archbishopric of Canterbury.

1939 W. Fortescue There's Rosemary vi. 41 One proud day I was promoted to study the part of Rosalind in ‘As You Like It’.

1966 Farmer wants Wife (Farmers Weekly Farm Women's Club) 45 It wasn't much good being able to drive without a little knowledge of what went on under the bonnet and I got promoted to ‘go-fer’.

1985 K. Saro-Wiwa Sozaboy i. 2 Inspector Okonkwo na him be the worst when he was sarzent before they promoted him.

2002 C. Hiaasen Basket Case xxiv. 230 She was hired at the Union-Register as a copy editor and swiftly promoted to assistant city editor.

b. transitive. Chess. To exchange (a pawn) for a more powerful piece of the same colour, typically a queen, when it reaches the opponent's end of the board. Cf. queen v. 2, promotion n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > promote pawn

queen1789

promote1799

1799 P. Pratt Theory of Chess iv. 57 His standing before the commoners on this side is of no consequence, as their only use will be to obstruct the white ones: those on the other side are what this player must expect to promote.

1821 J. H. Sarratt New Treat. on Game of Chess 51 Some few persons have pretended, that, when a Pawn has reached its eighth square, you can promote it only to the rank of the Piece or Pieces which you may have lost.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 3/3 Compelled to promote a Pawn to a piece.

1904 H. J. R. Murray in Brit. Chess Mag. Dec. 466 [In Malay chess] a pawn may be promoted to the rank of any superior piece, but promotion takes place, not when the Pawn reaches the eighth line, but only after a further diagonal move.

1946 R. Benedict Chrysanthemum & Sword (1947) iv. 95 A narikin is a term taken from Japanese chess and means a pawn promoted to queen.

1990 Sci. Amer. Oct. 22/2 A passed-pawn evaluation considers pawns that are unopposed by enemy pawns and can therefore be advanced to the eighth rank and promoted to queens.

c. transitive. Cards (esp. Bridge). To enable (a relatively low card) to win a trick; to secure (a trick) by this means. Cf. promotion n. 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics

declare1895

promote1899

to lead up to1911

to take out1918

squeeze1926

push1927

spread1929

cash1934

overtake1939

underlead1945

finesse1960

1899 W. M. Butler Whist Ref. Bk. 203 High cards are led..to force out higher cards and promote the rank of those held by the leader.

1911 Washington Post 8 Jan. (Miscellany section) 1/6 His best plan seems to be to knock the diamonds together and promote the clubs to be trumps.

1945 ‘S. J. Simon’ Why you lose at Bridge 26 If the loser you are playing from one hand is promoting a winner in it, you can discard two losers from the other hand.

1962 Listener 12 Apr. 662/2 The defence would take two rounds of clubs and play a third club, promoting a trick for West's nine of hearts.

1982 Times 23 Oct. 6/6 If Eustace had played a club, the defence could have promoted the ♠10 for the setting trick.

2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 16/1 When he exited with a second round of hearts the Abbot won with the king. His enforced club exit promoted declarer's bare jack of trumps and the game had been made.

d. transitive. Sport (chiefly Association Football). To transfer (a team) to a higher division of a league. Cf. promotion n. 1e.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > transfer (team) to higher division

promote1924

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > play association football [verb (transitive)] > promote or relegate

relegate1899

promote1924

1924 Times 5 May 6/6 Bristol City,..promoted a year ago, return to a lower division.

1936 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 Sept. 17/2 In addition to the two Second Division sides promoted to the first division, the Council proposes to retain certain other sides that would have been relegated.

1949 Times 25 Apr. 6/2 (heading) Swansea Town promoted.

1988 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator 19 Apr. e8/4 The top two in First Division will be promoted to Premier Division.

1993 Non-League Football Today Mar. 6/2 Many supporters will wonder why, if their team run away with the League championship they should not be promoted regardless of their facilities and solvency.

2000 A. Sayle Barcelona Plates 203 Liverpool Football Club were hoping to get promoted from the second division but Mary's dad said it would never happen.

e. transitive. Physics and Chemistry. To transfer (an electron) from one orbital to another of higher energy within the same atom or molecule.

ΚΠ

1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 194 An electron whose n has been increased in this way will be called a ‘promoted’ electron.]

1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 197 In the CN molecule, two of the electrons remain as 1s^s electrons, while two must technically be promoted, probably becoming 2s^p or 2s^s electrons.

1950 Proc. Royal Soc. 1949–50 A. 200 412 The sulphur atom..will more readily promote its 3p electrons into its 3d levels than lose them altogether.

1965 J. R. Dyer Applic. Absorption Spectroscopy Org. Compounds i. 1 Absorbed energy causes electrons in a ground state to be promoted to a state of higher energy.

2000 M. Clugston & R. Flemming Adv. Chem. xxxii. 558 Stable, unexcited molecules generally have electrons in bonding and non-bonding orbitals. Absorption of energy can promote these electrons to antibonding orbitals.

f. transitive. Curling. To move (a stone) forward by striking it with another. Cf. promotion n. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (transitive)] > actions

ride1771

draw1787

guard1787

strike1811

hog1822

inwick1823

outwick1830

promote1937

1937 T. Henderson Lockerbie 58 He left the stone alone..deeming it safer play to promote the Minister's stone.

1969 R. Welsh Beginner's Guide Curling iv. 33 Promote, to strike another stone forward.

2001 B. Weeks Curling for Dummies x. 145 If a stone is being promoted from the side of the sheet to the centre, it is referred to as an angle raise.

a. transitive. To further the growth, development, progress, or establishment of (a thing); to advance or actively support (a process, cause, result, etc.); to encourage. Formerly also with on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]

furtherc888

to bring onc1230

advancea1250

speeda1300

nourishc1300

avaunt1393

promotec1433

pasture?a1439

advantage?1459

promove1475

preferc1503

conduce1518

to set forth1528

to set forward(s)1530

to take forth1530

fillip1551

help1559

farther1570

foster1571

shoulder1577

to put forward1579

seconda1586

foment1596

hearten1598

to put on1604

fomentate1613

succeed1613

expeditea1618

producea1618

maturate1623

cultivate1641

encourage1677

push1693

forward1780

progress1780

admove1839

c1433 Petition Franciscans to Trinity Coll. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 429 (MED) Thei shul..be holden..to promote hem.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4388 (MED) Vnto your grace lyke it to promoote Mi poore estat.

?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Ciij Such rascolde drames, promoted by Thays..Or by suche other newe forged muses nyne.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv This gyfte expelleth al vice and promoteth all vertu.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus i. xiv, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 238 The emperour..went about to promote christian religion.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. iv. 390 All the causes and helpes that promote on its impotent desires.

1698–9 Minute Bk. S.P.C.K. 8 Mar. The Journal of the Hon^ble Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

1703 J. Tipper in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 305 You will promote the Sale of it as much as possibly you can.

1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. vii. 73 Vegetation is promoted..by communicating to the earth the food of plants, and enlarging their pasture.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 191 It could in no way promote the national interest.

1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. i. 94 The elimination of waste matter from the skin is promoted.

1891 Times 7 Oct. 10/4 It was not an admitted ‘plank’ in the Liberal platform, and..Mr. Gladstone has never promoted it or even said one word in its favour.

1939 Sci. Monthly 49 302 Science has..promoted health, long life and general welfare.

1974 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 8 Dec. 15/4 Press reports..have promoted public interest in the sport and science of speleology.

2003 L. Lokko Sundowners (2004) lxxxi. 554 UNIFEM, the women's fund at the UN..provided financial support and technical assistance to programmes around the world that had promoted women's rights since 1979.

b. transitive. To lend active support to the passing of (a law or measure); spec. to take the necessary steps to ensure the passing of (a local or private bill).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > secure or promote passage of bill

promote1721

pilot1824

sponsor1961

1647 Mirrour of Allegiance 3 If he answer to any bill promoted to him, Le Roy s'avisera, or the King will advise upon it, it stands at present for a negation of the bill, and thereby it is made incapable that Session to be an Act.]

1721 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 138 The parties concerned in promoting this Bill.

1798 T. Somerville Hist. Great Brit. xii. 274 Their [sc. the agents']..most vigorous exertions were employed for promoting the act of security in Scotland.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. 170 Many bills promoted as private bills, largely affect public as well as private interests.

1892 Standard 15 June 2/1 The Bill promoted by the London County Council for carrying a line of tramways over Westminster Bridge.

1948 O. C. Williams Hist. Devel. Private Bill Procedure I. vi. 166 Its object was not simply to prevent directors of companies from promoting bills without the knowledge and sanction of shareholders.

1962 Daily Tel. 31 May 19/4 A Parliamentary Bill would have to be promoted if the Norfolk Broads were to be saved from further..development.

2004 Business (Nexis) 21 Mar. 16 ‘The litigation we see against the food industry is not going to make a single person any skinnier,’ said Republican Representative Ric Keller, who promoted the bill.

c. transitive. Finance. To create or establish (a joint-stock company). Cf. promotion n. 2b. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > specific operations

subscribe1618

to take up1655

to sell out1721

to take in1721

to take up1740

pool?1780

capitalize1797

put1814

feed1818

to vote (the) stock (or shares)1819

corner1836

to sell short1852

promote1853

recapitalize1856

refund1857

float1865

water1865

margin1870

unload1870

acquire1877

maintain1881

syndicate1882

scalp1886

pyramid1888

underwrite1889

oversubscribe1891

joint-stock1894

wash1895

write1908

mark1911

split1927

marry1931

stag1935

unwind1958

short1959

preplace1966

unitize1970

bed and breakfast1974

index-link1974

warehouse1977

daisy-chain1979

strip1981

greenmail1984

pull1986

1853 Times 30 June 6/6 The India Directors were exceedingly desirous..to promote a company for the construction of a railway at Madras.

1900 Living Age 6 Jan. 14/2 If..capital were..abolished tomorrow, people would still be found digging the earth and milking cows, though they might not be promoting companies and jobbing shares.

1966 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 26 40 Carr, Tagore and Company promoted and managed six joint stock companies.

2004 A. Anandarajan et al. Business Intelligence Techniques i. 9 In London in 1551, London merchants promoted a company to finance the Chancellor-Willoughby expedition.

d. transitive. To publicize or advertise (a product, organization, venture, etc.) so as to increase sales or public awareness. Also reflexive. Occasionally intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertise [verb (transitive)]

push1693

advertise1710

promote1902

sell1916

market1922

merchandise1957

1902 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 26 Oct. 2/7 The laws of the different States are making it harder and harder to promote good boxing exhibitions without danger that, after a lot of expense has been incurred, someone will step in and get out an injunction.

1930 Publishers' Weekly 31 May 2732/2 The books all to be individualized in appearance and fully promoted.

1942 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 21 Feb. 10/4 Instead of promoting products in our advertising, we will provide helpful ideas on care and use of electrical appliances.

1955 O. Lattimore & U. Onon tr. Sh. Nachukdorji Life Sukebatur vii, in O. Lattimore Nationalism & Revol. Mongolia ii. 145 Baron Ungern..arrogantly promoted himself as a man of glory and soon seized all power in Mongolia.

1965 Melody Maker 3 Apr. 7/3 With the group over here to promote their latest recording,..they could well make the chart.

1971 D. Potter Brit. Elizabethan Stamps x. 117 These packs are heavily promoted, with full-page colour advertisements in the national press.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 30 Oct. 9/3 I love chocolate-chip cookies, and I love to promote.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 10 Feb. 20 The product was promoted to 1.6 million of the 3.2 million Trustcard holders during the last two weeks of January and the bank received 60,000 applications.

1993 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Nov. 34 She has always been and remains a mediocre whose only gift is to promote herself with the connivance of a complaisant media eager for a ready-made ‘story’.

2005 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 72/2 Last year Pfizer agreed to pay $430 million in criminal and civil penalties because its Warner-Lambert division had illegally promoted an epilepsy drug, Neurontin, for neuropathic pain and other unapproved uses.

e. transitive. Chemistry. To make (a catalyst) more active or effective by adding another substance; to act as a promoter of (a catalyst) or in (a catalytic reaction). Also (passing into sense 2a): to catalyse or initiate (a reaction). Cf. promoter n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb] > undergo a process affecting reaction > increase activity of a catalyst

promote1930

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to process affecting reaction > promote

promote1930

1920 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 24 243 When more than one of the components are themselves catalysts a difficulty presents itself in choosing between ‘promoter’ and ‘promoted’.]

1930 N. K. Adam Physics & Chem. of Surfaces viii. 280 Many reactions go on at the surface of charcoal. It is a good catalyst for promoting halogenations.

1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. xiii. 1128 On an ordinary iron catalyst one atom only in 2,000 appears to be able to catalyze the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen, but when suitably promoted the proportion of active points is increased ten-fold.

1946 Chem. Abstr. 40 4876 The catalytic action is promoted by a smaller quantity of BF₃.

1967 R. W. Lenz Org. Chem. Synthetic High Polymers x. 270 N,N-Dimethylaniline promotes the spontaneous decomposition of benzoyl peroxide, and this combination can be used to initiate polymerization reactions at low temperatures.

1975 P. H. Emmett in Drauglis & Jaffee Physical Basis for Heterogeneous Catalysis 21 Why then is a K₂O–Al₂O₃ promoter better than Al₂O₃ alone in promoting an iron synthetic ammonia catalyst?

2003 Appl. Catalysis A. 247 138/2 A preliminary experiment was carried out..using a zinc chromite catalyst promoted with 3 wt.% Cs.

†II. To put forth, move forward.

3. transitive. To publish, promulgate; to assert, advance (a claim). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]

sowc888

blowc1275

dispeple1297

to do abroadc1300

fame1303

publyc1350

defamea1382

publisha1382

open?1387

proclaima1393

slandera1400

spreada1400

abroachc1400

throwc1400

to give outa1425

promote?a1425

noisec1425

publicc1430

noisec1440

divulgea1464

to put outc1475

skail1487

to come out witha1500

bruit1525

bruita1529

to bear out1530

divulgate1530

promulgate1530

propale?1530

ventilate1530

provulgate1535

sparple1536

sparse1536

promulge1539

disperse1548

publicate1548

forthtell1549

hurly-burly?1550

propagate1554

to set abroada1555

utter1561

to set forth1567

blaze1570

evulgate1570

scatter1576

rear?1577

to carry about1585

pervulgate1586

celebrate?1596

propalate1598

vent1602

evulge1611

to give forth1611

impublic1628

ventilate1637

disseminate1643

expose1644

emit1650

to put about1664

to send abroad1681

to get abroad1688

to take out1697

advertise1710

forward1713

to set abouta1715

circulate1780

broadcast1829

vent1832

vulgate1851

debit1879

float1883

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 293 (MED) Þe Kingez nedes were putt forþe and promoted.

1555 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlvi. 139 The false surmised articles promoted by Hugh Raulins, priest.

1563 Bonner in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xxxiv. 342 That the oath shall be promoted in open place, where there shall be a convenient assembly of people to witness the same.

1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. 21 An Intellectual incorruptible pattern, the print of whose form He promoted through the World.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 2 Gutenberg..promoted His claim to the first Invention of this Art.

4. transitive. To incite, prompt, move (to something). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > impel or prompt

shapec1330

causec1340

servec1380

treat1387

movec1390

promove1477

promote1530

instinct1549

misgive1587

prompt1602

apprompt1605

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 27 The aungels of god..to helpe vs in time of prayer, & to promote our prayers towarde god.

1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 80 The Angell keepers..promote to all good, oppose all evill.

5. transitive. To cause to move forward in space or time; to extend. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)]

broada1250

room?1316

enlargec1380

largea1382

magnifya1382

alargec1384

spreada1387

amplify1432

brede1440

expanse1477

ampliatea1513

dilate1528

propagate1548

widen1566

explicate1578

expatiate1603

diduce1605

engross?1611

dilatate1613

biggen1643

promote1652

intend1658

expand1665

to run out1683

amplificate1731

broaden1744

outstretcha1758

largen1869

big1884

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 274 None of them ever attempted to promote their Empire beyond the bounds thereof.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 30 Other eminent and later Astronomers, would promote the confines of the Atmosphere, to exceed six or seven times that number of miles.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 5 William Caxton (..who first brought it to Oxford) promoted it to London also.

1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) ii. 206 Francis Pirard promotes the life of the Brasilians beyond the term we have set it.

1872 Spectator 7 Sept. 1137 ‘Sure it's I will promote her for your honour’, where the word ‘promote’ was used..in its strict meaning of ‘cause to move forward’.

III. Law. To prosecute, inform; to put forward (a case).

†6. transitive. To inform against (a person); to give information about (a crime, etc.); (also intransitive) to act as informer. Cf. promoter n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

meldeOE

bimeldena1300

forgabc1394

to blow up?a1400

outsay?a1400

detectc1449

denounce1485

ascry1523

inform1526

promote1550

peach1570

blow1575

impeach1617

wheedle1710

split1795

snitch1801

cheep1831

squeal1846

to put away1858

spot1864

report1869

squawk1872

nose1875

finger1877

ruck1884

to turn over1890

to gag on1891

shop1895

pool1907

run1909

peep1911

pot1911

copper1923

finger1929

rat1932

to blow the whistle on1934

grass1936

rat1969

to put in1975

turn1977

1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. sig. Giiii^v There lacke menne to promote the kynges offycers when they do amysse, and to promote all offenders.

1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. C^v I am not one that doth promote, Why arte thou frayde of me?

1591 (?a1425) Harrowing of Hell (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 338 (MED) Taverners..shalbe promoted here [sc. in hell] with mee for breakinge statutes.

7. transitive. Ecclesiastical Law. To set in motion (the office of the ordinary or judge) in a criminal suit in an ecclesiastical court; to institute (a suit ex officio promoto) by permission of the ordinary. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > institute proceedings

stage1671

to bring to, keep on the stage1681

promote1685

propound1685

1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts i. ii. §3. 7 It is left to the election of the Plaintiff to elect in which Court he will institute or promote his Cause.

1789 W. Scott in J. Haggard Rep. Cases Consistory Court London (1822) I. 14 This is a case of Office promoted [= ex officio promoto] against Thomas Calcott, for..erecting tombs in the church-yard..without leave of the Ordinary.

1837 Lushington in Curteis Rep. Eccl. Cas. (1840) 601 Mr. Williams [sc. the Vicar of Hendon], who promotes the office of the judge, has brought a charge against a parishioner of chiding and brawling.

1850 C. Dickens David Copperfield xxix. 303 The office of the Judge promoted by Tipkins against Bullock for his soul's correction.

1889 Abp. Benson in Read v. Bp. of Lincoln 11 May (Roscoe) 37 The suit [Lucy v. Bp. St. Davids] was promoted ex officio before the archbishop.

1895 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law (ed. 2) 956 The Criminal Suit is open to every one whom the ordinary allows to promote his office, and the Civil Suit to every one showing an interest.

1961 E. F. Jacob Fifteenth Cent., 1399–1485 vi. 275 The great body of cases coming before the official in the fifteenth century was concerned with matrimony, probate and testamentary bequests, debt, tithe (one of the most frequent of all),..and moral offences where the bishop himself promoted the suit.

2000 D. A. Spaeth Church in Age of Danger iv. 93 The recruitment of witnesses was itself an important part of the tactics of a suit. Sir George Hungerford promoted the suit against John Tounson jointly with three other inhabitants.

IV. To steal, exploit.

8. slang (originally U.S.).

a. transitive. Originally and esp. Military. To obtain by illicit or dubious means; to steal; to scrounge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > borrowing > borrow [verb (transitive)]

apprompt1548

mutuate1548

prest1548

to take out1753

promote1918

nip1919

bot1921

rabbit1943

borrow-

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > petty theft or pilfering > pilfer [verb (transitive)]

mitcha1393

pelfa1400

purloinc1475

prowl?1529

finger1530

pilfer1532

lurchc1565

filch1567

filch1574

proloyne1581

nim1606

hook1615

truff1718

snaffle1725

crib1735

pettifog1759

magg1762

niffle1785

cabbage1793

weed1811

nibble1819

cab1825

smouch1826

snuga1859

mooch1862

attract1891

souvenir1897

rat1906

snipe1909

promote1918

salvage1918

smooch1941

1918 E. W. Sherwood Diary 19 Sept. in Diary Rainbow Veteran (1929) 135 Grim ‘promoted’ a sack of German flour today and the whole battery had pancakes for breakfast this morning.

1928 C. MacArthur War Bugs 44 With ten francs he promoted a bottle of cognac.

1941 Argus (Melbourne) Week-end Mag. 15 Nov. 1/4 In Army parlance to arrange something is always to ‘tee up’; just as to borrow something is to ‘promote’ it.

1999 F. Donaldson Lure of Sky xii. 128 They were still too keyed up to sleep, and Buzz had somehow promoted a bottle.

b. transitive. To exploit (a person) for material advantage; to swindle; to beg or wheedle from; (also) to proposition.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle

defraud1362

deceivec1380

plucka1500

lurch1530

defeata1538

souse1545

lick1548

wipe1549

fraud1563

use1564

cozen1573

nick1576

verse1591

rooka1595

trim1600

skelder1602

firk1604

dry-shave1620

fiddle1630

nose1637

foista1640

doa1642

sharka1650

chouse1654

burn1655

bilk1672

under-enter1692

sharp1699

stick1699

finger1709

roguea1714

fling1749

swindle1773

jink1777

queer1778

to do over1781

jump1789

mace1790

chisel1808

slang1812

bucket1819

to clean out1819

give it1819

to put in the hole1819

ramp1819

sting1819

victimize1839

financier1840

gum1840

snakea1861

to take down1865

verneuk1871

bunco1875

rush1875

gyp1879

salt1882

daddle1883

work1884

to have (one) on toast1886

slip1890

to do (a person) in the eye1891

sugar1892

flay1893

to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895

con1896

pad1897

screw1900

short-change1903

to do in1906

window dress1913

ream1914

twist1914

clean1915

rim1918

tweedle1925

hype1926

clip1927

take1927

gazump1928

yentz1930

promote1931

to take (someone) to the cleaners1932

to carve up1933

chizz1948

stiff1950

scam1963

to rip off1969

to stitch up1970

skunk1971

to steal (someone) blind1974

diddle-

1931 Collier's 14 Nov. 7 Gigolo Georgie promotes Sam for several duckets to the..game.

1934 J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice ix. 92 If I hadn't been there, and begun promoting him for something to drink that afternoon, maybe he'd be here now.

1941 A. J. Liebling in New Yorker 26 Apr. 22 The term ‘promoter’ means a man who mulcts another man of a dollar... The verb ‘to promote’ always takes a personal object... ‘He has promoted some very smart people.’

1948 I. Shulman Cry Tough! 148 When we're workin' we don't like to be promoted.

1975 F. Powledge Mud Show 147 These guys would promote these broads and take them out back.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	promote
释义	promotev. Brit. /prəˈməʊt/, U.S. /prəˈmoʊt/ Forms: late Middle English promoote, late Middle English promote (past tense), late Middle English–1500s promote (past participle), late Middle English– promote, 1600s promot; Scottish pre-1700 promitt, pre-1700 prommott, pre-1700 promot, pre-1700 1700s– promote. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōmōt-, prōmovēre. Etymology: < classical Latin prōmōt-, past participial stem of prōmovēre to cause to move forward, to push forward, to advance, to encourage, to advance to a higher office, to make headway, progress, in post-classical Latin also to institute criminal proceedings in an ecclesiastical court (c1408, 1595 in British sources in promovere officium ) < prō- pro- prefix¹ + movēre move v. Compare Middle French promoter to incite, prompt, move (a1377). I. To advance the interests of, move to a stronger or more prominent position. 1. a. transitive. To advance (a person) to a position of honour, dignity, or emolument (†also into the holder of such a position). Also without prepositional phrase: to raise to a higher rank, grade, or office; to prefer. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > promote or upgrade advancec1300 promote1402 to kick (someone) upstairs1678 upgrade1920 to bump up1957 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person) advancec1300 vaunce1303 before-seta1382 profera1400 promote1402 prefer1548 engrace1610 to kick (someone) upstairs1678 rocket1931 up1945 fast-track1977 society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > appointment to rank > appoint to rank [verb (transitive)] > promote promote1402 to make up1943 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person) > to some status prefera1393 promote1402 promovec1425 represent1435 move1556 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 94 Preestes..to fatte benefices wolde be promotid. c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 145 Þe emperour..promoted [L. promovit] hym sone into a bisshop. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 385 (MED) A man..schewede to hym by augury..that he scholde be promotede ageyne. c1530 Crt. of Love 1261 For where a lover thinketh him promote, Envy will grucch, repyning at his wele. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. K.iiij Two things moue men to affect mony so so much as they do: y^e one, for feare least they shold fal into pouertie & beggery..y^e other, to be aduanced, & promoted to high dignities & honors vpon earth. 1633 Acts Parl. Scotl. V. 73/2 With..libertie to the persones promotit and graduatit in the samyne [subjects] to read teach doe and excerce all things quhatsumever the persones promoted to the same degries within the vniversitie of Paris [etc.]..may doe or exerce. 1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ iv. 167 Leontius his way was, to promote onely those in the Church, he was beforehand sure of. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xi. 87 He..had..so well ingratiated himself with his Officers, that he had promoted himself to a Halberd. View more context for this quotation 1771 E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses v. 165 Until the Restoration, when his sufferings and merits were considered, and he promoted to Winchester. 1822 Ld. Byron Werner i. i. 676 I'll promote you to the ranks In the prince's body-guard. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §5. 140 Boniface..was promoted to..the Archbishopric of Canterbury. 1939 W. Fortescue There's Rosemary vi. 41 One proud day I was promoted to study the part of Rosalind in ‘As You Like It’. 1966 Farmer wants Wife (Farmers Weekly Farm Women's Club) 45 It wasn't much good being able to drive without a little knowledge of what went on under the bonnet and I got promoted to ‘go-fer’. 1985 K. Saro-Wiwa Sozaboy i. 2 Inspector Okonkwo na him be the worst when he was sarzent before they promoted him. 2002 C. Hiaasen Basket Case xxiv. 230 She was hired at the Union-Register as a copy editor and swiftly promoted to assistant city editor. b. transitive. Chess. To exchange (a pawn) for a more powerful piece of the same colour, typically a queen, when it reaches the opponent's end of the board. Cf. queen v. 2, promotion n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > promote pawn queen1789 promote1799 1799 P. Pratt Theory of Chess iv. 57 His standing before the commoners on this side is of no consequence, as their only use will be to obstruct the white ones: those on the other side are what this player must expect to promote. 1821 J. H. Sarratt New Treat. on Game of Chess 51 Some few persons have pretended, that, when a Pawn has reached its eighth square, you can promote it only to the rank of the Piece or Pieces which you may have lost. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 3/3 Compelled to promote a Pawn to a piece. 1904 H. J. R. Murray in Brit. Chess Mag. Dec. 466 [In Malay chess] a pawn may be promoted to the rank of any superior piece, but promotion takes place, not when the Pawn reaches the eighth line, but only after a further diagonal move. 1946 R. Benedict Chrysanthemum & Sword (1947) iv. 95 A narikin is a term taken from Japanese chess and means a pawn promoted to queen. 1990 Sci. Amer. Oct. 22/2 A passed-pawn evaluation considers pawns that are unopposed by enemy pawns and can therefore be advanced to the eighth rank and promoted to queens. c. transitive. Cards (esp. Bridge). To enable (a relatively low card) to win a trick; to secure (a trick) by this means. Cf. promotion n. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics declare1895 promote1899 to lead up to1911 to take out1918 squeeze1926 push1927 spread1929 cash1934 overtake1939 underlead1945 finesse1960 1899 W. M. Butler Whist Ref. Bk. 203 High cards are led..to force out higher cards and promote the rank of those held by the leader. 1911 Washington Post 8 Jan. (Miscellany section) 1/6 His best plan seems to be to knock the diamonds together and promote the clubs to be trumps. 1945 ‘S. J. Simon’ Why you lose at Bridge 26 If the loser you are playing from one hand is promoting a winner in it, you can discard two losers from the other hand. 1962 Listener 12 Apr. 662/2 The defence would take two rounds of clubs and play a third club, promoting a trick for West's nine of hearts. 1982 Times 23 Oct. 6/6 If Eustace had played a club, the defence could have promoted the ♠10 for the setting trick. 2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 16/1 When he exited with a second round of hearts the Abbot won with the king. His enforced club exit promoted declarer's bare jack of trumps and the game had been made. d. transitive. Sport (chiefly Association Football). To transfer (a team) to a higher division of a league. Cf. promotion n. 1e. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > transfer (team) to higher division promote1924 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > play association football [verb (transitive)] > promote or relegate relegate1899 promote1924 1924 Times 5 May 6/6 Bristol City,..promoted a year ago, return to a lower division. 1936 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 Sept. 17/2 In addition to the two Second Division sides promoted to the first division, the Council proposes to retain certain other sides that would have been relegated. 1949 Times 25 Apr. 6/2 (heading) Swansea Town promoted. 1988 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator 19 Apr. e8/4 The top two in First Division will be promoted to Premier Division. 1993 Non-League Football Today Mar. 6/2 Many supporters will wonder why, if their team run away with the League championship they should not be promoted regardless of their facilities and solvency. 2000 A. Sayle Barcelona Plates 203 Liverpool Football Club were hoping to get promoted from the second division but Mary's dad said it would never happen. e. transitive. Physics and Chemistry. To transfer (an electron) from one orbital to another of higher energy within the same atom or molecule. ΚΠ 1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 194 An electron whose n has been increased in this way will be called a ‘promoted’ electron.] 1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 197 In the CN molecule, two of the electrons remain as 1s^s electrons, while two must technically be promoted, probably becoming 2s^p or 2s^s electrons. 1950 Proc. Royal Soc. 1949–50 A. 200 412 The sulphur atom..will more readily promote its 3p electrons into its 3d levels than lose them altogether. 1965 J. R. Dyer Applic. Absorption Spectroscopy Org. Compounds i. 1 Absorbed energy causes electrons in a ground state to be promoted to a state of higher energy. 2000 M. Clugston & R. Flemming Adv. Chem. xxxii. 558 Stable, unexcited molecules generally have electrons in bonding and non-bonding orbitals. Absorption of energy can promote these electrons to antibonding orbitals. f. transitive. Curling. To move (a stone) forward by striking it with another. Cf. promotion n. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (transitive)] > actions ride1771 draw1787 guard1787 strike1811 hog1822 inwick1823 outwick1830 promote1937 1937 T. Henderson Lockerbie 58 He left the stone alone..deeming it safer play to promote the Minister's stone. 1969 R. Welsh Beginner's Guide Curling iv. 33 Promote, to strike another stone forward. 2001 B. Weeks Curling for Dummies x. 145 If a stone is being promoted from the side of the sheet to the centre, it is referred to as an angle raise. 2. a. transitive. To further the growth, development, progress, or establishment of (a thing); to advance or actively support (a process, cause, result, etc.); to encourage. Formerly also with on. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] furtherc888 to bring onc1230 advancea1250 speeda1300 nourishc1300 avaunt1393 promotec1433 pasture?a1439 advantage?1459 promove1475 preferc1503 conduce1518 to set forth1528 to set forward(s)1530 to take forth1530 fillip1551 help1559 farther1570 foster1571 shoulder1577 to put forward1579 seconda1586 foment1596 hearten1598 to put on1604 fomentate1613 succeed1613 expeditea1618 producea1618 maturate1623 cultivate1641 encourage1677 push1693 forward1780 progress1780 admove1839 c1433 Petition Franciscans to Trinity Coll. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 429 (MED) Thei shul..be holden..to promote hem. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4388 (MED) Vnto your grace lyke it to promoote Mi poore estat. ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Ciij Such rascolde drames, promoted by Thays..Or by suche other newe forged muses nyne. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv This gyfte expelleth al vice and promoteth all vertu. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus i. xiv, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 238 The emperour..went about to promote christian religion. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. iv. 390 All the causes and helpes that promote on its impotent desires. 1698–9 Minute Bk. S.P.C.K. 8 Mar. The Journal of the Hon^ble Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1703 J. Tipper in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 305 You will promote the Sale of it as much as possibly you can. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. vii. 73 Vegetation is promoted..by communicating to the earth the food of plants, and enlarging their pasture. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 191 It could in no way promote the national interest. 1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. i. 94 The elimination of waste matter from the skin is promoted. 1891 Times 7 Oct. 10/4 It was not an admitted ‘plank’ in the Liberal platform, and..Mr. Gladstone has never promoted it or even said one word in its favour. 1939 Sci. Monthly 49 302 Science has..promoted health, long life and general welfare. 1974 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 8 Dec. 15/4 Press reports..have promoted public interest in the sport and science of speleology. 2003 L. Lokko Sundowners (2004) lxxxi. 554 UNIFEM, the women's fund at the UN..provided financial support and technical assistance to programmes around the world that had promoted women's rights since 1979. b. transitive. To lend active support to the passing of (a law or measure); spec. to take the necessary steps to ensure the passing of (a local or private bill). ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > secure or promote passage of bill promote1721 pilot1824 sponsor1961 1647 Mirrour of Allegiance 3 If he answer to any bill promoted to him, Le Roy s'avisera, or the King will advise upon it, it stands at present for a negation of the bill, and thereby it is made incapable that Session to be an Act.] 1721 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 138 The parties concerned in promoting this Bill. 1798 T. Somerville Hist. Great Brit. xii. 274 Their [sc. the agents']..most vigorous exertions were employed for promoting the act of security in Scotland. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. 170 Many bills promoted as private bills, largely affect public as well as private interests. 1892 Standard 15 June 2/1 The Bill promoted by the London County Council for carrying a line of tramways over Westminster Bridge. 1948 O. C. Williams Hist. Devel. Private Bill Procedure I. vi. 166 Its object was not simply to prevent directors of companies from promoting bills without the knowledge and sanction of shareholders. 1962 Daily Tel. 31 May 19/4 A Parliamentary Bill would have to be promoted if the Norfolk Broads were to be saved from further..development. 2004 Business (Nexis) 21 Mar. 16 ‘The litigation we see against the food industry is not going to make a single person any skinnier,’ said Republican Representative Ric Keller, who promoted the bill. c. transitive. Finance. To create or establish (a joint-stock company). Cf. promotion n. 2b. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > specific operations subscribe1618 to take up1655 to sell out1721 to take in1721 to take up1740 pool?1780 capitalize1797 put1814 feed1818 to vote (the) stock (or shares)1819 corner1836 to sell short1852 promote1853 recapitalize1856 refund1857 float1865 water1865 margin1870 unload1870 acquire1877 maintain1881 syndicate1882 scalp1886 pyramid1888 underwrite1889 oversubscribe1891 joint-stock1894 wash1895 write1908 mark1911 split1927 marry1931 stag1935 unwind1958 short1959 preplace1966 unitize1970 bed and breakfast1974 index-link1974 warehouse1977 daisy-chain1979 strip1981 greenmail1984 pull1986 1853 Times 30 June 6/6 The India Directors were exceedingly desirous..to promote a company for the construction of a railway at Madras. 1900 Living Age 6 Jan. 14/2 If..capital were..abolished tomorrow, people would still be found digging the earth and milking cows, though they might not be promoting companies and jobbing shares. 1966 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 26 40 Carr, Tagore and Company promoted and managed six joint stock companies. 2004 A. Anandarajan et al. Business Intelligence Techniques i. 9 In London in 1551, London merchants promoted a company to finance the Chancellor-Willoughby expedition. d. transitive. To publicize or advertise (a product, organization, venture, etc.) so as to increase sales or public awareness. Also reflexive. Occasionally intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertise [verb (transitive)] push1693 advertise1710 promote1902 sell1916 market1922 merchandise1957 1902 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 26 Oct. 2/7 The laws of the different States are making it harder and harder to promote good boxing exhibitions without danger that, after a lot of expense has been incurred, someone will step in and get out an injunction. 1930 Publishers' Weekly 31 May 2732/2 The books all to be individualized in appearance and fully promoted. 1942 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 21 Feb. 10/4 Instead of promoting products in our advertising, we will provide helpful ideas on care and use of electrical appliances. 1955 O. Lattimore & U. Onon tr. Sh. Nachukdorji Life Sukebatur vii, in O. Lattimore Nationalism & Revol. Mongolia ii. 145 Baron Ungern..arrogantly promoted himself as a man of glory and soon seized all power in Mongolia. 1965 Melody Maker 3 Apr. 7/3 With the group over here to promote their latest recording,..they could well make the chart. 1971 D. Potter Brit. Elizabethan Stamps x. 117 These packs are heavily promoted, with full-page colour advertisements in the national press. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 30 Oct. 9/3 I love chocolate-chip cookies, and I love to promote. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 10 Feb. 20 The product was promoted to 1.6 million of the 3.2 million Trustcard holders during the last two weeks of January and the bank received 60,000 applications. 1993 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Nov. 34 She has always been and remains a mediocre whose only gift is to promote herself with the connivance of a complaisant media eager for a ready-made ‘story’. 2005 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 72/2 Last year Pfizer agreed to pay $430 million in criminal and civil penalties because its Warner-Lambert division had illegally promoted an epilepsy drug, Neurontin, for neuropathic pain and other unapproved uses. e. transitive. Chemistry. To make (a catalyst) more active or effective by adding another substance; to act as a promoter of (a catalyst) or in (a catalytic reaction). Also (passing into sense 2a): to catalyse or initiate (a reaction). Cf. promoter n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb] > undergo a process affecting reaction > increase activity of a catalyst promote1930 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to process affecting reaction > promote promote1930 1920 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 24 243 When more than one of the components are themselves catalysts a difficulty presents itself in choosing between ‘promoter’ and ‘promoted’.] 1930 N. K. Adam Physics & Chem. of Surfaces viii. 280 Many reactions go on at the surface of charcoal. It is a good catalyst for promoting halogenations. 1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. xiii. 1128 On an ordinary iron catalyst one atom only in 2,000 appears to be able to catalyze the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen, but when suitably promoted the proportion of active points is increased ten-fold. 1946 Chem. Abstr. 40 4876 The catalytic action is promoted by a smaller quantity of BF₃. 1967 R. W. Lenz Org. Chem. Synthetic High Polymers x. 270 N,N-Dimethylaniline promotes the spontaneous decomposition of benzoyl peroxide, and this combination can be used to initiate polymerization reactions at low temperatures. 1975 P. H. Emmett in Drauglis & Jaffee Physical Basis for Heterogeneous Catalysis 21 Why then is a K₂O–Al₂O₃ promoter better than Al₂O₃ alone in promoting an iron synthetic ammonia catalyst? 2003 Appl. Catalysis A. 247 138/2 A preliminary experiment was carried out..using a zinc chromite catalyst promoted with 3 wt.% Cs. †II. To put forth, move forward. 3. transitive. To publish, promulgate; to assert, advance (a claim). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 293 (MED) Þe Kingez nedes were putt forþe and promoted. 1555 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlvi. 139 The false surmised articles promoted by Hugh Raulins, priest. 1563 Bonner in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xxxiv. 342 That the oath shall be promoted in open place, where there shall be a convenient assembly of people to witness the same. 1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. 21 An Intellectual incorruptible pattern, the print of whose form He promoted through the World. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 2 Gutenberg..promoted His claim to the first Invention of this Art. 4. transitive. To incite, prompt, move (to something). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > impel or prompt shapec1330 causec1340 servec1380 treat1387 movec1390 promove1477 promote1530 instinct1549 misgive1587 prompt1602 apprompt1605 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 27 The aungels of god..to helpe vs in time of prayer, & to promote our prayers towarde god. 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 80 The Angell keepers..promote to all good, oppose all evill. 5. transitive. To cause to move forward in space or time; to extend. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] broada1250 room?1316 enlargec1380 largea1382 magnifya1382 alargec1384 spreada1387 amplify1432 brede1440 expanse1477 ampliatea1513 dilate1528 propagate1548 widen1566 explicate1578 expatiate1603 diduce1605 engross?1611 dilatate1613 biggen1643 promote1652 intend1658 expand1665 to run out1683 amplificate1731 broaden1744 outstretcha1758 largen1869 big1884 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 274 None of them ever attempted to promote their Empire beyond the bounds thereof. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 30 Other eminent and later Astronomers, would promote the confines of the Atmosphere, to exceed six or seven times that number of miles. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 5 William Caxton (..who first brought it to Oxford) promoted it to London also. 1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) ii. 206 Francis Pirard promotes the life of the Brasilians beyond the term we have set it. 1872 Spectator 7 Sept. 1137 ‘Sure it's I will promote her for your honour’, where the word ‘promote’ was used..in its strict meaning of ‘cause to move forward’. III. Law. To prosecute, inform; to put forward (a case). †6. transitive. To inform against (a person); to give information about (a crime, etc.); (also intransitive) to act as informer. Cf. promoter n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 meldeOE bimeldena1300 forgabc1394 to blow up?a1400 outsay?a1400 detectc1449 denounce1485 ascry1523 inform1526 promote1550 peach1570 blow1575 impeach1617 wheedle1710 split1795 snitch1801 cheep1831 squeal1846 to put away1858 spot1864 report1869 squawk1872 nose1875 finger1877 ruck1884 to turn over1890 to gag on1891 shop1895 pool1907 run1909 peep1911 pot1911 copper1923 finger1929 rat1932 to blow the whistle on1934 grass1936 rat1969 to put in1975 turn1977 1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. sig. Giiii^v There lacke menne to promote the kynges offycers when they do amysse, and to promote all offenders. 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. C^v I am not one that doth promote, Why arte thou frayde of me? 1591 (?a1425) Harrowing of Hell (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 338 (MED) Taverners..shalbe promoted here [sc. in hell] with mee for breakinge statutes. 7. transitive. Ecclesiastical Law. To set in motion (the office of the ordinary or judge) in a criminal suit in an ecclesiastical court; to institute (a suit ex officio promoto) by permission of the ordinary. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > institute proceedings stage1671 to bring to, keep on the stage1681 promote1685 propound1685 1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts i. ii. §3. 7 It is left to the election of the Plaintiff to elect in which Court he will institute or promote his Cause. 1789 W. Scott in J. Haggard Rep. Cases Consistory Court London (1822) I. 14 This is a case of Office promoted [= ex officio promoto] against Thomas Calcott, for..erecting tombs in the church-yard..without leave of the Ordinary. 1837 Lushington in Curteis Rep. Eccl. Cas. (1840) 601 Mr. Williams [sc. the Vicar of Hendon], who promotes the office of the judge, has brought a charge against a parishioner of chiding and brawling. 1850 C. Dickens David Copperfield xxix. 303 The office of the Judge promoted by Tipkins against Bullock for his soul's correction. 1889 Abp. Benson in Read v. Bp. of Lincoln 11 May (Roscoe) 37 The suit [Lucy v. Bp. St. Davids] was promoted ex officio before the archbishop. 1895 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law (ed. 2) 956 The Criminal Suit is open to every one whom the ordinary allows to promote his office, and the Civil Suit to every one showing an interest. 1961 E. F. Jacob Fifteenth Cent., 1399–1485 vi. 275 The great body of cases coming before the official in the fifteenth century was concerned with matrimony, probate and testamentary bequests, debt, tithe (one of the most frequent of all),..and moral offences where the bishop himself promoted the suit. 2000 D. A. Spaeth Church in Age of Danger iv. 93 The recruitment of witnesses was itself an important part of the tactics of a suit. Sir George Hungerford promoted the suit against John Tounson jointly with three other inhabitants. IV. To steal, exploit. 8. slang (originally U.S.). a. transitive. Originally and esp. Military. To obtain by illicit or dubious means; to steal; to scrounge. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > borrowing > borrow [verb (transitive)] apprompt1548 mutuate1548 prest1548 to take out1753 promote1918 nip1919 bot1921 rabbit1943 borrow- the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > petty theft or pilfering > pilfer [verb (transitive)] mitcha1393 pelfa1400 purloinc1475 prowl?1529 finger1530 pilfer1532 lurchc1565 filch1567 filch1574 proloyne1581 nim1606 hook1615 truff1718 snaffle1725 crib1735 pettifog1759 magg1762 niffle1785 cabbage1793 weed1811 nibble1819 cab1825 smouch1826 snuga1859 mooch1862 attract1891 souvenir1897 rat1906 snipe1909 promote1918 salvage1918 smooch1941 1918 E. W. Sherwood Diary 19 Sept. in Diary Rainbow Veteran (1929) 135 Grim ‘promoted’ a sack of German flour today and the whole battery had pancakes for breakfast this morning. 1928 C. MacArthur War Bugs 44 With ten francs he promoted a bottle of cognac. 1941 Argus (Melbourne) Week-end Mag. 15 Nov. 1/4 In Army parlance to arrange something is always to ‘tee up’; just as to borrow something is to ‘promote’ it. 1999 F. Donaldson Lure of Sky xii. 128 They were still too keyed up to sleep, and Buzz had somehow promoted a bottle. b. transitive. To exploit (a person) for material advantage; to swindle; to beg or wheedle from; (also) to proposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- 1931 Collier's 14 Nov. 7 Gigolo Georgie promotes Sam for several duckets to the..game. 1934 J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice ix. 92 If I hadn't been there, and begun promoting him for something to drink that afternoon, maybe he'd be here now. 1941 A. J. Liebling in New Yorker 26 Apr. 22 The term ‘promoter’ means a man who mulcts another man of a dollar... The verb ‘to promote’ always takes a personal object... ‘He has promoted some very smart people.’ 1948 I. Shulman Cry Tough! 148 When we're workin' we don't like to be promoted. 1975 F. Powledge Mud Show 147 These guys would promote these broads and take them out back. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1402
随便看	fencing-branch fencing-cully fencing-foil fight with one's own shadow fight, play, etc at the sharp fight-back fight-field fight-lac fight-off fight-rac't fight-time fight-wite fightable fightback fightbacks fighter fighter aerodrome fighter command fighter cover fighter duty fighter escort fighter machine fighter patrol fighter pilot fighter plane