proembryon.

Brit.

/prəʊˈɛmbrɪəʊ/, U.S.

/proʊˈɛmbriˌoʊ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: pro- prefix², embryo n.

Etymology: < pro- prefix² + embryo n., after German Proembryo ( G. W. Bischoff Die kryptogamischen Gewächse (1828) 43).

Botany.

†1. The filament of cells that forms the earliest stage of a bryophyte life cycle; = protonema n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle

embryon1640

germen1651

neb1658

radicle1671

embryo1682

embryo plant1692

plantula1698

plantleta1711

germ1721

niba1722

radicula1725

plantule1727

radicule1728

rostellum1760

radicale1763

rostel1783

heartlet1808

corcle1810

proembryo1849

tigelle1860

hypophysis1875

embryoid1963

1849 E. Lankester tr. M. J. Schleiden Princ. Sci. Bot. 174 [Mosses.] The spore-cell expands, emerges from its torn outer coat, and, new cells being developed at the free end, forms for itself a filamentous tissue, composed of linear cylindrical cells ranged end to end (the proembryo [Ger. Vorkeim, proembryo]).

1863 M. J. Berkeley Handbk. Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 Proembryo, the same with cotyledonoids. [Cotylenoid = a term applied to the germinating threads of mosses.]

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 311 Mosses. The spore produces a conferva~like thallus, the Pro-embryo or Protonema.

†2. The gametophyte stage of the life cycle of a pteridophyte; = prothallus n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [noun] > parts of > thallus

thallus1829

proembryo1854

prothallus1854

protonema1857

prothallium1858

thallome1875

blastema1880

prothallus1921

1854 J. H. Balfour in Encycl. Brit. V. 144/1 Equisetaceæ... The spore when sprouting, produces a pro-embryo or pro-thallus, which at first appears as a green-lobed leaf supported on a stalk.

3. Any of several other embryonic structures or stages of plants; (now) spec. the group of cells formed by the earliest divisions of the spermatophyte zygote, before the embryo proper and the suspensor become differentiated. Also: the early stages of a zygotic or somatic embryo.

ΚΠ

1862 F. Currey tr. W. Hofmeister On Germination Higher Cryptogamia xvi. 441 The breaking up of the pro-embryo of the Coniferæ into a number of independent suspensors is a phenomenon of the most peculiar kind.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 292 Characeæ. As a consequence of fertilisation the large cell of the carpogonium becomes a resting spore, producing, by its germination, a pro-embryo from which the sexual plant springs as a lateral shoot.

1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xvii. 274 The very first division of the zygote stamps the polarity of the pro-embryo.

1950 D. A. Johansen Plant Embryol. xii. 76 The young pro~embryo completely fills the archegonium in Torreya taxifolia.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 122 In Ginkgo and the cycads there is an extensive period of free nuclear division, producing up to 256 nuclei, before cell walls are formed to create a suspensor and proembryo.

2005 Curr. Opin. in Plant Sci. 8 32/2 After the division of the Arabidopsis zygote..the smaller apical cell immediately rotates its cell division plane by 90 degrees and two more rounds of division give rise to a proembryo consisting of two tiers of four cells each.

Derivatives

ˌproembryˈonic adj. of, relating to, or of the nature of a proembryo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [adjective] > of parts > relating to embryo or radicle

rostellate1800

orthotropous1819

peritropal1819

radicular1819

rostelliform1819

homotropous1829

heterotropous1830

heterotropal1832

axile1839

amphitropous1841

homotropal1844

rostellara1845

amphitropal1847

peritropous1849

polyembryonate1864

polyembryonic1864

proembryonic1875

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 282 (Characeæ) The Pro-embryonic Branches..have a similar structure to the pro-embryos which proceed from the spores.

1914 J. M. Coulter Fund. Plant-breeding iv. 57 Throughout the Gymnosperm series there is a steady reduction in the number of free nuclear divisions, and with it a reduction in the amount of proembryonic tissue.

1957 H. C. Bold Morphol. Plants xxvii. 522 All of the proembryonic cells descended from the zygote may begin to develop into embryos.

1996 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121 404 Origin of the somatic embryos was from a proembryonic cell complex or possibly from a single cell by direct embryogenesis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proembryo
释义	proembryon. Brit. /prəʊˈɛmbrɪəʊ/, U.S. /proʊˈɛmbriˌoʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: pro- prefix², embryo n. Etymology: < pro- prefix² + embryo n., after German Proembryo ( G. W. Bischoff Die kryptogamischen Gewächse (1828) 43). Botany. †1. The filament of cells that forms the earliest stage of a bryophyte life cycle; = protonema n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle embryon1640 germen1651 neb1658 radicle1671 embryo1682 embryo plant1692 plantula1698 plantleta1711 germ1721 niba1722 radicula1725 plantule1727 radicule1728 rostellum1760 radicale1763 rostel1783 heartlet1808 corcle1810 proembryo1849 tigelle1860 hypophysis1875 embryoid1963 1849 E. Lankester tr. M. J. Schleiden Princ. Sci. Bot. 174 [Mosses.] The spore-cell expands, emerges from its torn outer coat, and, new cells being developed at the free end, forms for itself a filamentous tissue, composed of linear cylindrical cells ranged end to end (the proembryo [Ger. Vorkeim, proembryo]). 1863 M. J. Berkeley Handbk. Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 Proembryo, the same with cotyledonoids. [Cotylenoid = a term applied to the germinating threads of mosses.] 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 311 Mosses. The spore produces a conferva~like thallus, the Pro-embryo or Protonema. †2. The gametophyte stage of the life cycle of a pteridophyte; = prothallus n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [noun] > parts of > thallus thallus1829 proembryo1854 prothallus1854 protonema1857 prothallium1858 thallome1875 blastema1880 prothallus1921 1854 J. H. Balfour in Encycl. Brit. V. 144/1 Equisetaceæ... The spore when sprouting, produces a pro-embryo or pro-thallus, which at first appears as a green-lobed leaf supported on a stalk. 3. Any of several other embryonic structures or stages of plants; (now) spec. the group of cells formed by the earliest divisions of the spermatophyte zygote, before the embryo proper and the suspensor become differentiated. Also: the early stages of a zygotic or somatic embryo. ΚΠ 1862 F. Currey tr. W. Hofmeister On Germination Higher Cryptogamia xvi. 441 The breaking up of the pro-embryo of the Coniferæ into a number of independent suspensors is a phenomenon of the most peculiar kind. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 292 Characeæ. As a consequence of fertilisation the large cell of the carpogonium becomes a resting spore, producing, by its germination, a pro-embryo from which the sexual plant springs as a lateral shoot. 1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xvii. 274 The very first division of the zygote stamps the polarity of the pro-embryo. 1950 D. A. Johansen Plant Embryol. xii. 76 The young pro~embryo completely fills the archegonium in Torreya taxifolia. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 122 In Ginkgo and the cycads there is an extensive period of free nuclear division, producing up to 256 nuclei, before cell walls are formed to create a suspensor and proembryo. 2005 Curr. Opin. in Plant Sci. 8 32/2 After the division of the Arabidopsis zygote..the smaller apical cell immediately rotates its cell division plane by 90 degrees and two more rounds of division give rise to a proembryo consisting of two tiers of four cells each. Derivatives ˌproembryˈonic adj. of, relating to, or of the nature of a proembryo. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [adjective] > of parts > relating to embryo or radicle rostellate1800 orthotropous1819 peritropal1819 radicular1819 rostelliform1819 homotropous1829 heterotropous1830 heterotropal1832 axile1839 amphitropous1841 homotropal1844 rostellara1845 amphitropal1847 peritropous1849 polyembryonate1864 polyembryonic1864 proembryonic1875 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 282 (Characeæ) The Pro-embryonic Branches..have a similar structure to the pro-embryos which proceed from the spores. 1914 J. M. Coulter Fund. Plant-breeding iv. 57 Throughout the Gymnosperm series there is a steady reduction in the number of free nuclear divisions, and with it a reduction in the amount of proembryonic tissue. 1957 H. C. Bold Morphol. Plants xxvii. 522 All of the proembryonic cells descended from the zygote may begin to develop into embryos. 1996 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121 404 Origin of the somatic embryos was from a proembryonic cell complex or possibly from a single cell by direct embryogenesis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1849
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