† proferv.

Forms: Middle English profere, Middle English proffere, Middle English profre, Middle English profur, Middle English prophere, Middle English–1500s proferre, Middle English–1500s proffer, Middle English–1600s profer, 1500s proforre (transmission error), 1800s proferr'd (past participle).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French proferer; Latin prōferre.

Etymology: < Middle French proferer to utter, pronounce, say loudly (1265 in Old French; French proférer ) and its etymon classical Latin prōferre to put forward, extend, to bring forth, produce, to utter, pronounce < pro- pro- prefix¹ + ferre to carry, bear (see bear v.¹). Compare Old Occitan proferir (c1160; Occitan proferir), Catalan proferir (late 13th cent.), Spanish proferir (c1255), Italian proferire (13th cent. as profferere), all in senses ‘to utter, speak’ and ‘to offer, proffer’.In early use frequently identical in form with proffer v., from which it is also sometimes difficult to distinguish in sense (compare senses 3 and especially 4).

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To utter (words, prayers, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter

leadOE

givec1175

tell?c1225

talkc1275

to set upa1325

to put outc1350

soundc1374

to give upc1386

pronouncea1393

cough1393

moutha1400

profera1400

forth withc1400

utterc1400

to put forth1535

display1580

vent1602

accent1603

respeak1604

vocalize1669

fetch1707

go1836

outen1951

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person)

advancec1300

vaunce1303

before-seta1382

profera1400

promote1402

prefer1548

engrace1610

to kick (someone) upstairs1678

rocket1931

up1945

fast-track1977

a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 254 And oure praieres þat we profer [v.rr. profere, profur, proffere], þou take, lorde, to þi louyng.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 432/1 He comyng to the last houre,..and profferyng the laste wordes I commend my sowle in to thyn handes deyed.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxiv. 125 After many wordes proferred & sayde.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cvi Whether priestis can proferre [printed proforre] the wordis off the canon and Baptym.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1096 When the peopull were pesit, he proffert þes wordes.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Prolation, pronouncing or profering of wordes.

1828 W. Taylor Historic Surv. German Poetry I. 129 Not a word Had either of us yet proferr'd.

2. transitive. To extend, put forth, thrust out. In first quot. intransitive for reflexive: to project.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]

tootc897

shootc1000

to come outOE

abuta1250

to stand outc1330

steek?c1335

risea1398

jutty14..

proferc1400

strutc1405

to stick upa1500

issuec1515

butt1523

to stick outc1540

jut1565

to run out1565

jet1593

gag1599

poke1599

proke1600

boke1601

prosiliate1601

relish1611

shoulder1611

to stand offa1616

protrude1704

push1710

projecta1712

protend1726

outstand1755

shove1850

outjut1851

extrude1852

bracket1855

to corbel out1861

to set out1892

pier1951

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully

to put forthc1300

thrustc1374

to put outa1382

proferc1400

outstretcha1425

to hold out1535

outhold1550

push1581

intend1601

stick1607

protrude1638

poke1700

blurt1818

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1463 Pinacles pyȝt þer apert þat profert bitwene.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 141 Þe paume is purely þe hande and profreth forth þe fyngres To mynystre.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 96^v This inferiour trunke..out of his hynder part profereth Arteries to the spaces of the ribbes.

3. transitive. To bring forth, produce, yield.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally

fruita1382

engendera1393

breeda1398

gendera1398

yielda1400

proferc1425

to bring out1545

generate1563

produce1585

brooda1625

to send forth1626

propagate1699

pan1873

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 42 Neyr the tyme that the fruyt shulde be proferid forth.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 232 The fruyteful moder hathe profered a byrthe.

1600 C. Leigh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 201 The sayd Islands..seeme to proffer..plenty of all kinde of our graine.

4. transitive. To bring or put near or into contact with something; to present.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > specifically a thing or substance

profer?1523

present1758

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlv Than profer thy graffe into the stocke.

1698 Mr. Ballard in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 418 I took my Knife,..and profering it to the Needle, it drew the North Pole.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	profer
释义	† proferv. Forms: Middle English profere, Middle English proffere, Middle English profre, Middle English profur, Middle English prophere, Middle English–1500s proferre, Middle English–1500s proffer, Middle English–1600s profer, 1500s proforre (transmission error), 1800s proferr'd (past participle). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French proferer; Latin prōferre. Etymology: < Middle French proferer to utter, pronounce, say loudly (1265 in Old French; French proférer ) and its etymon classical Latin prōferre to put forward, extend, to bring forth, produce, to utter, pronounce < pro- pro- prefix¹ + ferre to carry, bear (see bear v.¹). Compare Old Occitan proferir (c1160; Occitan proferir), Catalan proferir (late 13th cent.), Spanish proferir (c1255), Italian proferire (13th cent. as profferere), all in senses ‘to utter, speak’ and ‘to offer, proffer’.In early use frequently identical in form with proffer v., from which it is also sometimes difficult to distinguish in sense (compare senses 3 and especially 4). Obsolete. 1. transitive. To utter (words, prayers, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter leadOE givec1175 tell?c1225 talkc1275 to set upa1325 to put outc1350 soundc1374 to give upc1386 pronouncea1393 cough1393 moutha1400 profera1400 forth withc1400 utterc1400 to put forth1535 display1580 vent1602 accent1603 respeak1604 vocalize1669 fetch1707 go1836 outen1951 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person) advancec1300 vaunce1303 before-seta1382 profera1400 promote1402 prefer1548 engrace1610 to kick (someone) upstairs1678 rocket1931 up1945 fast-track1977 a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 254 And oure praieres þat we profer [v.rr. profere, profur, proffere], þou take, lorde, to þi louyng. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 432/1 He comyng to the last houre,..and profferyng the laste wordes I commend my sowle in to thyn handes deyed. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxiv. 125 After many wordes proferred & sayde. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cvi Whether priestis can proferre [printed proforre] the wordis off the canon and Baptym. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1096 When the peopull were pesit, he proffert þes wordes. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Prolation, pronouncing or profering of wordes. 1828 W. Taylor Historic Surv. German Poetry I. 129 Not a word Had either of us yet proferr'd. 2. transitive. To extend, put forth, thrust out. In first quot. intransitive for reflexive: to project. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)] tootc897 shootc1000 to come outOE abuta1250 to stand outc1330 steek?c1335 risea1398 jutty14.. proferc1400 strutc1405 to stick upa1500 issuec1515 butt1523 to stick outc1540 jut1565 to run out1565 jet1593 gag1599 poke1599 proke1600 boke1601 prosiliate1601 relish1611 shoulder1611 to stand offa1616 protrude1704 push1710 projecta1712 protend1726 outstand1755 shove1850 outjut1851 extrude1852 bracket1855 to corbel out1861 to set out1892 pier1951 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully to put forthc1300 thrustc1374 to put outa1382 proferc1400 outstretcha1425 to hold out1535 outhold1550 push1581 intend1601 stick1607 protrude1638 poke1700 blurt1818 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1463 Pinacles pyȝt þer apert þat profert bitwene. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 141 Þe paume is purely þe hande and profreth forth þe fyngres To mynystre. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 96^v This inferiour trunke..out of his hynder part profereth Arteries to the spaces of the ribbes. 3. transitive. To bring forth, produce, yield. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally fruita1382 engendera1393 breeda1398 gendera1398 yielda1400 proferc1425 to bring out1545 generate1563 produce1585 brooda1625 to send forth1626 propagate1699 pan1873 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 42 Neyr the tyme that the fruyt shulde be proferid forth. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 232 The fruyteful moder hathe profered a byrthe. 1600 C. Leigh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 201 The sayd Islands..seeme to proffer..plenty of all kinde of our graine. 4. transitive. To bring or put near or into contact with something; to present. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > specifically a thing or substance profer?1523 present1758 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlv Than profer thy graffe into the stocke. 1698 Mr. Ballard in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 418 I took my Knife,..and profering it to the Needle, it drew the North Pole. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1400
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