| 释义 |
proffern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin profrum ; French profre ; proffer v. Etymology: Partly < post-classical Latin profrum provisional payment into the Exchequer (frequently 1255–1449 in British sources; also as proferum , puroffrus ), offer to convict a criminal (13th cent. in British sources; also as proferum ) and its probable etymon Anglo-Norman profre, proffre, porofre offer, proposal (beginning of the 14th cent.), provisional payment into the Exchequer (attested a1355 or earlier, but earlier currency is probably implied by the post-classical Latin word; < proffrir : see proffer v.), and partly directly < proffer v.With the β forms compare Middle French poroffe (a1447), paroffre (1466), both in sense ‘offer’, and also β forms at proffer v. the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > [noun] a1325 (2011) xv. 72 Ant that alle schirreuene, fermurs, baillifs of fraunchises, ant oþere þat sullen come to þe profre of þe chekere,..for te paien hoere rentes. a1375 (c1350) (1867) 4413 (MED) Of þe quenes profer þe puple hadde reuþe. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. 1989 Thei profren hem to his servise; And he hem thonketh of here profre. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 123 Þai behete þaim þat er enseged so faire proffers. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 534 (MED) The kyng..gan hym to enbrace..With grete proffres..Of gold, of tresour, and of gret rychesse. a1500 (?c1450) 82 Yef the kynges profer myght not agre the lady,..thei hadde saf condite to returne to Tintagel. 1588 Narr. Def. Berghen 15 Sept. in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1907) 201 How th'enemy laie and what proffers they would make. 1601 A. Munday & H. Chettle sig. K2v And, moppet, you were best To take their proffers. 1652 T. Whitfield 58 Though the proferre of Salvation be conditionall. 1701 H. Wanley 11 June (1989) 164 I humbly thank you for the proffer of your Favor..as to the Cotton Library. 1796 E. Burke i. 17 Hoping that the enemy..would make a proffer of peace. 1821 8 Dec. 1/4 Instead of the proffers of affection and friendship, he meets with nothing but scorn and repulsive coolness. 1898 E. N. Westcott xxx. 271 Mr. Euston had made some proffers to that end, but Mr. Lenox had merely expressed his thanks. 1920 B. Carman 10 Perry, my lad from oversea, with proffer of his best. 1962 28 Aug. 6/1 The proffer of the partial test ban is the best gesture the U.S. could make. 1992 Autumn 549 The distinction between Melville's proffer of a world-engrossing consciousness through Ishamel..fades into insignificance for Emerson. †2. the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > being roused from inaction > motion as if to act a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) 8819 (MED) Þat tre..was to short greet quantite..for no profur þat þei dude, Hit wolde not þere stonde in stude. c1450 C. L. Kingsford Hist. Coll. 15th Cent. in (1914) 29 513 (MED) Thise..persones..weren..hanged..and..letten down on live and dispoyled of ther clothes, and made profres to their nekkes and thanne weren yeven grace of their lyves by the King. 1532 T. More i. p. lxiiii [Quoting Tyndale] The preste..playeth oute the reste vnder sylence with sygnes and profers, wyth noddynge, beckynge, and mowynge. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xvii. f. 92/2, in R. Holinshed I Conyes in makyng profers and holes to breede in, haue scraped them [sc. coins] out of the grounde. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1725/2 After some resistance..and profer of onset made by their horsemen, they were put to flight. 1626 F. Bacon §236 It is done..by little and little and with many Essays and Proffers. 1668 J. Dryden 5 You may observe..how many proffers they make to dip. 1680 J. Moxon I. xii. 214 With your Compasses find the Center on the backside of the Round Board (with several proffers if need require). 1792 W. Osbaldiston Blemish, a hunting term, used when the hounds or beagles, finding where the chase has been, make a proffer to enter but return. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke xxi. f.clxvii, in The foresaied signes & profres towardes ye chaunge of ye worlde [L. haec praeludia mundi transformandi]. society > communication > manifestation > [noun] > a manifestation > slight 1740 C. Cibber vi. 129 The Characters I have nam'd..cannot have the least Cast, or Profer of the Amiable in them. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > other local or municipal dues or taxes > payments due by sheriff > provisional payment of dues by sheriff 1450 V. 175/2 Shirreffs, Eschetours, or eny other persones that shall make their profres..and..shall paie eny sommes of money therof att Kynges receite, [etc.]. 1540 c. 21 §2 The said terme..shall..begynne the Monday next aftre Trinitie Sonday..for the keping of thessoygnes profers retornes and other ceremonies. 1620 J. Wilkinson (new ed.) 45 He hath entred Recognisance for his proffers. 1701 W. Kennett (new ed.) sig. Rr2va If upon conclusion of the Sheriffs Accompts..it appears that..he is charged with more than indeed he could receive, he hath his Proffers paid or allowed to him again. a1726 G. Gilbert (1758) x. 149 The Sheriff pays in Proffers to the Value of the County Rents. 1874 W. Stubbs I. xi. 379 Each of these magistrates..paid in to the Exchequer such an instalment or proffer as he could afford. 1918 J. C. Davies ii. i. 390 He was prepared to take the proffers of the sheriffs, bailiffs and others in full exchequer. 1966 6 16 Edward [I]..ordered Langton to take the entire Easter proffer, and any other money he could get together, and hurry to him with it. 1997 112 6 The large single proffers found in the [pipe] roll of 1190. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). profferv. Inflections: Present participle proffering, (nonstandard, rare) profferring; Past tense and past participle proffered, (nonstandard) profferred; Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French profrer, proferir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman profrer, profferer, proferer, propherer, proffrir, proufrir and Old French proferir to offer (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (reflexive) to present oneself, to come forward (c1300 or earlier), variant of Anglo-Norman puroffrir and Old French, Middle French poroffrir (c1100 in Anglo-Norman; also in Old French and Middle French as paroffrir (14th cent.)) < pur- , por- pur- prefix + offrir (see offer v.).In early use frequently indistinguishable in form from profer v., with which there is also some overlap in sense: see discussion at that entry. 1. the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (reflexive)] c1300 St. Faith (Laud) 26 in C. Horstmann (1887) 84 (MED) Heo..profrede hire to þe tormentores. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 24v In þat liknes þat aier profreþ himself to þe eiȝe. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 96 Fischez..schall..com þider and profre þam self to þe deed. 1484 W. Caxton tr. xi Yet shalle I profere me to hym. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 210 (MED) Teche ye sich a lad To profer hym in sich a place. 1580 A. Munday 62 (margin) The hostes proffereth herself to be his freend. 1602 W. Fulbecke ii. 30 Others, as executors profered themselues. 1665 R. Head I. lxviii. 427 It is usual for some, either weary of life, or so sick, they have no hopes of recovery, to proffer themselves to these inhumane Butchers. a1732 F. Atterbury (1734) I. 99 The Followers of his Fortune proffered themselves to be the ready Ministers of his Revenge. 1755 G. Washington Let. 28 Nov. in (1931) I. 241 There are several Officers..not attempting, or having a possible chance of recruiting any but those who, out of their inclination to the service, will proffer themselves. 1809 W. Bawdwen tr. 411 The Priest..proffers himself that he will prove..that it is not as they have given in their verdict. 1862 W. M. Thackeray III. ix. 198 The classical scholar and gentleman..gave a leer which must have frightened the poor little lady to whom he proffered himself as a suitor. 1906 G. R. Sims (rev. ed.) III. 195/1 All sorts and conditions of the self-propelled [sc. motor vehicles] proffer themselves in an incredibly short space of time. 1949 H. S. Hensel in J. E. McLean vi. 90 Five young naval officers of unusual ability, who proffered themselves at the end of the war as raw material for permanent governmental careers. 2001 9 Jan. a9/3 Chavez leaned back on her past to proffer herself as a working class heroine. the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] a1325 St. Alphege (Corpus Cambr.) 87 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 151 (MED) He..propherede is owe lyf forto ȝiue for hore. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. 2190 To hire he profreth his servise. c1430 J. Lydgate (1840) 105 Cookes..proferred me bread, with ale and wyne. c1450 (1905) II. 377 (MED) Sho profurd a golde ryng vnto ane of þe scolers. 1526 Matt. vii. f. viijv Ys there eny man among you which wolde proffer his sonne a stone if he axed him breed? a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) ii. xvi. sig. Z4v The Phisition sweares, the ill-tasting wallowish medicine he profers, is of a good taste. 1615 G. Sandys 18 He shall be proffered in marriage the best..virgin of their Iland. 1671 J. Crowne i. 4 Five thousand crowns are proferr'd To any one, that will discover him. 1744 10 Let not the Joy she proffers be Essay'd, Without the well-try'd Cundum's friendly Aid. 1776 E. Gibbon I. xv. 455 All mankind was permitted, and even solicited, to accept the glorious distinction, which was not only proffered as a favour, but imposed as an obligation. 1836 C. Dickens (1837) ii. 22 Mr. Winkle seized the wicker bottle, which his friend proffered. 1877 W. Black xxi Before proffering him this promised help. 1949 S. J. Perelman Let. 24 Mar. in (1987) 93 I pause to proffer my snuffbox. 1991 Aug. 61/1 The youthful staff scurries around..proffering terra cotta decanters of ice water and baskets of crusty bread. the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (intransitive)] c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. v. 67 (MED) On men of lawe wrong lokede and largelich hem profrede. 1423 IV. 258/1 If any man will come and profre as it is supposed. a1500 (?a1400) (1887) 417 (MED) The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer. 1575 R. B. sig. Eij I proffer you faire, You shall be my ful executor and heyre. the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > make a move as if to act the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > propose a1375 (c1350) (1867) 2489 Þe prouost dede..profer..What man..miȝt þe beres take, He schuld gete of gold garissoun. 1428 in J. Raine (1890) 2 John Bower proferd to selle hym a laste of osmundes. a1500 (?c1450) 50 Sende to hem..that thei yelde yow the castell..and profer hem to go saf with their lyves. 1659 R. Boyle Ep. Ded. sig. A3 A Necessitous person..proffer'd to sell the Copy. 1667 J. Milton ii. 425 None..So hardie as to proffer or accept Alone the dreadful voyage. View more context for this quotation 1701 W. Wotton i. 191 They proffer'd to submit upon his own terms. 1823 C. Lamb in May 534/1 He proffereth to go for a coach—and lets the servant go. 1886 R. E. G. Cole 113 He proffered to lead the coal for summut less. 1926 S. T. G. Smith 35 At a weeknight service one of my Clerical colleagues..kindly proffered to do his best at the instrument. 1962 10 Apr. 13/4 The reply I would proffer to give..is that we in this country would be delighted to be allied with a truly democratic Germany. 1996 7 Mar. 3/1 The ads proffered that..any local call from a mobile phone on weekends would be free. the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt (attack, injury, or resistance) society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > offer (battle) c1380 (1879) 625 (MED) Olyuer profrede til him a st[r]oke. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1934 (MED) Þei haue to vs werre & strif Iproferid [v.r. profred]. 1471 in T. Wright (1861) II. 273 (MED) Dayly he prophered batayle; his enmys durst not fyghte. 1490 W. Caxton tr. (1885) xxiv. 507 Ye prouffer me owterage. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk (Gough) (1905) 133 (MED) Þe horrybull best..proferet batayll to George. 1548 f. xxxvjv The citezens..manfully profered to skyrmish, but thei wt archers were sone driuen backe. 1594 J. Ogle sig. D3 Renting hir garments, throwing forth hir brests: She profered violence to hir tender flesh. 1604 T. Bilson i. 343 The Apostles applie the word.. svfferings, both in Christ and in vs, as euenly, and as often to feare, sorowes.., and such like griefs of minde, as to stripes and other violences profered to the body. †4. the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. 1772 (MED) Sche..clepeth him hire housebonde..And profreth him with that to kisse. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 326 An engyn had þei þer in, & profred for to kast. a1500 (?a1425) tr. (Lamb.) 59 (MED) If any yn þe presence of þe real mageste takys on honde or profres [L. presumit] to do wronge, [etc.]. 1548 f. cxxii When the Frenchemen profered to enter, the Englishmen bet them of with bylles. 1572 (a1500) (1882) 149 The King profferit him to gang, and maid ane strange fair. 1655 T. Fuller vi. 284 This priviledge was lost, and profered afterwards by some Saxon Kings to be restored; which Turketill would never consent unto. 1740 (new ed.) ix. 158 They came unto the Fountain, and proffered to take of the Water; but all in vain, for they were..put from it by this devilish Company. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [verb (intransitive)] > turn back c1450 (c1430) (Galba) (1908) 424 (MED) No pepull proferid oute to hem. 1486 sig. E vij The hert..He proferith..and so ye shall say For he wot not hym selfe yit how he will a way. 1575 G. Gascoigne xxxvii. 100 When he [sc. a hart] leapeth into the water and commeth out againe the same way, then he proffereth. 1602 ii. v. 907 The Hart..being in the water, proferd, and reproferd, and proferd againe. 1648 R. Crashaw (ed. 2) 54 To play the amorous spyes, And peep and proffer at thy sparkling Throne. Derivatives the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > [adjective] > that can be offered 1822 G. Darley 38 Didst thou not quit..No proferable cause asserted why, The track? 1986 I. Mcleod tr. J.-F. Lyotard in R. A. Cohen 120 It is methodologically necessary for statements relating to this subject to be proffered, or profferable, by him as well. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1325 v.c1300 |
