proficientn.adj.

Brit.

/prəˈfɪʃnt/, U.S.

/prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/,

/proʊˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns advancing, making progress, efficacious, useful, beneficial, also (use as noun of neuter) something which is useful, in post-classical Latin also (use as noun of masculine) person who has made progress (4th cent.), uses as adjective and noun of present participle of prōficere to advance, make progress, to develop, improve, to profit, be useful < pro- pro- prefix¹ + facere to make, do (see fact n.). Compare Middle French proficient , adjective (c1334), Spanish proficiente , adjective (1589 or earlier), Italian proficiente , adjective and noun (mid 14th cent.). Slightly earlier currency is apparently implied by non-proficient n.

A. n.

1. A person with advanced skill or knowledge; an expert in a particular field; an adept.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > advanced learner

proficient1589

1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Eiiii Let vs take heede..that we dwell not so long in Poetry, that wee become Pagans, or that we make not such proceedinges in Aristotle, that we prooue proficients in Atheisme.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God x. xxvii. 396 The great proficients [L. proficientium] of righteousnesse.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B2 Who..became in short time so great a proficient, that he was capable of the more solid arts.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. i. 238 A Man of reading, and advanc'd in Letters, like a Proficient in the kind.

1789 Loiterer 27 June 4 A tolerable Proficient in pugillistic Science.

1816 Dance of Death 67 He..became so distinguished a proficient in polite learning, that he opened a school.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 438 The architect, painter, and general proficient in the arts.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 969/1 Besides courage and distinguished military talents, Major André was a proficient in drawing and in music.

1952 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 21 Dec. The business was an important one which employed many proficients.

2005 Knowl. Managem. Rev. (Nexis) Sept. 16 Our previous ‘workforce-friendly attrition’ decisions had created an engineering staff almost entirely made up of masters and proficients.

†2. A person gaining in skill or knowledge; a student who is making progress. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one making progress

profitera1425

proficient1598

improver1892

1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 44 As if..we were borne to be the only Nonproficients and Nihilagents of the world.]

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 17 I am so good a proficient in one quarter of an houre that I can drinke with any Tinker in his owne language.

1620 T. Gataker Davids Instructer 6 Euen those..that are the greatest proficients, and forwardest Schollers in Christs Schoole, yet may stand oft in neede of being whet vp, and put on.

1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xxiv. 185 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) These..are but Proficients, and not yet arriv'd at the State of Wisdom.

1721 R. Keith tr. Thomas à Kempis Soliloquy of Soul xii, in tr. Thomas à Kempis Select Pieces II. 194 He is the Way to Beginners, the Truth to Proficients, and Life to the more Perfect.

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 15 The World's a School Of Wrong, and what Proficients swarm around? We must or imitate, or disapprove.

†3. A thing which assists or enables a person to progress. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [noun] > one who or that which

furtherer1390

fartherer1494

forwarder1549

furtherancer1599

entertainer1602

proficient1607

cockerer1674

advancer1833

1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. B4 I am studdied in al Arts; The riches of my thoughts and of my time, Haue bin a good proficient.

B. adj.

1. Skilled, adept, competent; expert in a particular field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed

wiseOE

perfectc1350

expertc1374

pertc1390

complete1526

flesh-bred1548

exact1589

proficienta1593

traded1609

well (better, best) verseda1610

made-upa1616

thorough-paceda1628

elementeda1661

peevish1673

adept1698

finished1710

nap1862

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. B^v Who would not be proficient in this art?

1613 J. Stephens Cinthia's Revenge iv. iii. sig. N^v With small intent Such (as my selfe) may be proficient: I could now turne conceited stagerite.

1753 tr. Mme de Grafigny Lett. from Zilia to Aza v. 33 I'm so proficient in this Language grown, 'Twill soon become familiar as my own.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 145 No powder'd pert, proficient in the art Of sounding an alarm.

1801 R. Southey Let. 21 Feb. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) II. 132 The art..in which they were so proficient, may now be turned successfully against them.

1878 M. L. Holbrook Hygiene Brain 41 There are some subjects none can become proficient in.

1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iii. ii. 203 Her training had all been toward the end of making her proficient in what she had undertaken to do.

1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range v. 51 It was not until he was quite sure that Franklin was proficient in handling a sub that they finally went out into deep water.

1998 Wildlife News Jan. 10/1 Part of the skill of the proficient birdwatcher is knowing your bird calls.

†2. Making progress, improving; advancing towards perfection. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [adjective]

furthering1418

furtherlya1535

furtherous1597

proficient1614

speedinga1625

promovent1625

furthersome1627

forwarding1691

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adjective] > advancing towards perfection

proficient1614

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [adjective] > to a further or higher stage > specifically of persons > in skill or knowledge

proficient1614

1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca De Beneficius 142 These are the things which our friend Demetrius willeth him that is proficient [L. proficientem] to lay hold on with both handes.

1615 W. Hull Mirrour of Majestie 126 He is all-sufficient; neither deficient, nor proficient, because he is perfect and all sufficient.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Proficient, helping forward, or profiting.

Derivatives

proˈficiently adv. with proficiency; competently, skilfully.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adverb] > expertly or proficiently

welleOE

pertly1640

expertly1798

proficiently1824

1824 Times 30 Oct. 1/2 A French lady wishing to acquire the English language proficiently.

1884 Bismarck (Dakota Territory) Tribune 8 Feb. 1/5 The ice-rink..has a tendency to force a lop-sided walk on anybody who skates proficiently.

1933 French Rev. 6 301 The students do not learn..to speak or read quite proficiently the language studied.

2002 R. Cohen By Sword iii. x. 241 We see Kelly performing very proficiently.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proficient
释义	proficientn.adj. Brit. /prəˈfɪʃnt/, U.S. /prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/, /proʊˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns. Etymology: < classical Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns advancing, making progress, efficacious, useful, beneficial, also (use as noun of neuter) something which is useful, in post-classical Latin also (use as noun of masculine) person who has made progress (4th cent.), uses as adjective and noun of present participle of prōficere to advance, make progress, to develop, improve, to profit, be useful < pro- pro- prefix¹ + facere to make, do (see fact n.). Compare Middle French proficient , adjective (c1334), Spanish proficiente , adjective (1589 or earlier), Italian proficiente , adjective and noun (mid 14th cent.). Slightly earlier currency is apparently implied by non-proficient n. A. n. 1. A person with advanced skill or knowledge; an expert in a particular field; an adept. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > advanced learner proficient1589 1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Eiiii Let vs take heede..that we dwell not so long in Poetry, that wee become Pagans, or that we make not such proceedinges in Aristotle, that we prooue proficients in Atheisme. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God x. xxvii. 396 The great proficients [L. proficientium] of righteousnesse. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B2 Who..became in short time so great a proficient, that he was capable of the more solid arts. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. i. 238 A Man of reading, and advanc'd in Letters, like a Proficient in the kind. 1789 Loiterer 27 June 4 A tolerable Proficient in pugillistic Science. 1816 Dance of Death 67 He..became so distinguished a proficient in polite learning, that he opened a school. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 438 The architect, painter, and general proficient in the arts. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 969/1 Besides courage and distinguished military talents, Major André was a proficient in drawing and in music. 1952 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 21 Dec. The business was an important one which employed many proficients. 2005 Knowl. Managem. Rev. (Nexis) Sept. 16 Our previous ‘workforce-friendly attrition’ decisions had created an engineering staff almost entirely made up of masters and proficients. †2. A person gaining in skill or knowledge; a student who is making progress. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one making progress profitera1425 proficient1598 improver1892 1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 44 As if..we were borne to be the only Nonproficients and Nihilagents of the world.] 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 17 I am so good a proficient in one quarter of an houre that I can drinke with any Tinker in his owne language. View more context for this quotation 1620 T. Gataker Davids Instructer 6 Euen those..that are the greatest proficients, and forwardest Schollers in Christs Schoole, yet may stand oft in neede of being whet vp, and put on. 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xxiv. 185 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) These..are but Proficients, and not yet arriv'd at the State of Wisdom. 1721 R. Keith tr. Thomas à Kempis Soliloquy of Soul xii, in tr. Thomas à Kempis Select Pieces II. 194 He is the Way to Beginners, the Truth to Proficients, and Life to the more Perfect. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 15 The World's a School Of Wrong, and what Proficients swarm around? We must or imitate, or disapprove. †3. A thing which assists or enables a person to progress. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [noun] > one who or that which furtherer1390 fartherer1494 forwarder1549 furtherancer1599 entertainer1602 proficient1607 cockerer1674 advancer1833 1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. B4 I am studdied in al Arts; The riches of my thoughts and of my time, Haue bin a good proficient. B. adj. 1. Skilled, adept, competent; expert in a particular field. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed wiseOE perfectc1350 expertc1374 pertc1390 complete1526 flesh-bred1548 exact1589 proficienta1593 traded1609 well (better, best) verseda1610 made-upa1616 thorough-paceda1628 elementeda1661 peevish1673 adept1698 finished1710 nap1862 a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. B^v Who would not be proficient in this art? 1613 J. Stephens Cinthia's Revenge iv. iii. sig. N^v With small intent Such (as my selfe) may be proficient: I could now turne conceited stagerite. 1753 tr. Mme de Grafigny Lett. from Zilia to Aza v. 33 I'm so proficient in this Language grown, 'Twill soon become familiar as my own. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 145 No powder'd pert, proficient in the art Of sounding an alarm. 1801 R. Southey Let. 21 Feb. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) II. 132 The art..in which they were so proficient, may now be turned successfully against them. 1878 M. L. Holbrook Hygiene Brain 41 There are some subjects none can become proficient in. 1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iii. ii. 203 Her training had all been toward the end of making her proficient in what she had undertaken to do. 1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range v. 51 It was not until he was quite sure that Franklin was proficient in handling a sub that they finally went out into deep water. 1998 Wildlife News Jan. 10/1 Part of the skill of the proficient birdwatcher is knowing your bird calls. †2. Making progress, improving; advancing towards perfection. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [adjective] furthering1418 furtherlya1535 furtherous1597 proficient1614 speedinga1625 promovent1625 furthersome1627 forwarding1691 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adjective] > advancing towards perfection proficient1614 the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [adjective] > to a further or higher stage > specifically of persons > in skill or knowledge proficient1614 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca De Beneficius 142 These are the things which our friend Demetrius willeth him that is proficient [L. proficientem] to lay hold on with both handes. 1615 W. Hull Mirrour of Majestie 126 He is all-sufficient; neither deficient, nor proficient, because he is perfect and all sufficient. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Proficient, helping forward, or profiting. Derivatives proˈficiently adv. with proficiency; competently, skilfully. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adverb] > expertly or proficiently welleOE pertly1640 expertly1798 proficiently1824 1824 Times 30 Oct. 1/2 A French lady wishing to acquire the English language proficiently. 1884 Bismarck (Dakota Territory) Tribune 8 Feb. 1/5 The ice-rink..has a tendency to force a lop-sided walk on anybody who skates proficiently. 1933 French Rev. 6 301 The students do not learn..to speak or read quite proficiently the language studied. 2002 R. Cohen By Sword iii. x. 241 We see Kelly performing very proficiently. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1589
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