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单词 prognostic
释义

prognosticn.1

Brit. /prɒɡˈnɒstɪk/, U.S. /prɑɡˈnɑstɪk/
Forms: late Middle English pronostic, late Middle English pronostik, late Middle English pronostike, late Middle English pronostique, late Middle English pronostyk, late Middle English pronostyke, late Middle English pronostyque, 1500s prognostike, 1500s pronostiquykys (plural, perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1700s prognostick, 1600s pronostick, 1600s–1700s prognosticke, 1600s– prognostic.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French prognostique.
Etymology: < Middle French pronostique, prognostique (French pronostic , †prognostic ) omen, portent, sign (1250 in Old French), prophecy derived from such a sign (late 14th cent.), medical prognosis (1314 in Old French rendering the title of a work by Hippocrates) < classical Latin prognōsticon (also prognōsticum ) (in classical Latin only in plural, prognōstica , originally and especially as the title of a work by Cicero, translating a work by Aratus, entitled in Hellenistic Greek προγνώσεις , plural of πρόγνωσις prognosis n.) sign indicating the weather, in post-classical Latin also (in medicine) prognosis (5th cent.), prediction, prophecy (from 10th cent. in British sources), verse read at a bishop's consecration, regarded as indicating his future (c1125, c1250 in British sources) < ancient Greek προγνωστικόν (in medicine) prognosis, in Byzantine Greek also sign indicating the future, use as noun of neuter singular of προγνωστικός prognostic adj. Compare Catalan pronòstiga (14th cent.), pronòstic (15th cent.), Spanish †pronóstica (late 15th cent.), pronóstico (16th cent.), Portuguese prognóstico (15th cent.), Italian pronostica (a1292), pronostico (1474). With sense 1 compare earlier prognostication n. Compare also slightly earlier prenostic n. and prognostic v.
1. Medicine. = prognosis n. 2a. Also: a symptom or indication on which a prognosis is based (cf. prognosis n. 2b). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun]
entacha1375
symptom1398
accidenta1400
showerc1400
prognostic?a1425
grudgingc1440
prognosticationc1475
grudge1562
symptomates1583
grutchinga1637
annotation1644
pathognomic1683
pathognomonic1704
prognosis1706
modality1911
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > prognosis
prognosticationa1400
prognosis1650
prophasis1681
prognostic1753
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 88 (MED) As to pronostic [L. pronosticum], we wote þat if vlcerez of þe heued come vnto þe panne..þer is not litel perile broȝt in.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 256 (MED) Woundes in þe nekke..haue..some propre pronostikes, i. schewynges tofore, and fewe helynges.
1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. iii. 29 Let the Reader know that whereas Guido and Tagautius pretende this to bee Auicens prognostick of the carbuncle, they are deceiued.
1621 R. Burton (title) The anatomy of melancholy, what it is, with all the kindes, cavses, symptomes, prognostickes, and severall cures of it.
1753 N. Torriano tr. J. B. L. Chomel Hist. Diss. Gangrenous Sore Throat 71 Hippocrates..made a favourable Prognostic in the Squinancy, when the Humour of the Disease tended outwards.
1798 R. Jackson Outl. Hist. & Cure Fever viii. 236 Copious and effective bilious evacuations..furnish a favourable prognostic.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 609 In forming our prognostic, a special regard must be had to the peculiar character of the disease.
1883 Times 3 Oct. 10/5 Dr. Blumberg..particularly praised him [sc. Hippocrates] for his great knowledge of prognostics.
1925 Sci. Monthly Oct. 376 Some pupils..came to the laboratory to see more closely those methods which resulted in diagnostics so precise and prognostics so certain.
2003 Surg. Oncol. 12 173 (title) Molecular prognostics in colorectal cancer.
2. Frequently in plural.
a. Something which forewarns of events to come; an omen, a portent.Originally applied to things believed to be occult or supernatural in nature, as the meteorological signs of the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun]
foretokenc888
tokeningc888
beaconc950
token971
handsela1200
boding1297
wonder1297
bodec1374
signa1387
foreboding1387
prenostica1393
prognosticc1425
prophetc1430
prognostication?a1439
ostentationa1450
prenostication?a1450
prodigy?a1450
augurationc1450
preparative1460
prenosticate?a1475
prenosticative?a1475
prodige1482
prenosticature1490
tokener1513
weird1513
show token1535
luck1538
prognosticate1541
preamble1548
proffer1548
presagition?c1550
foreshower1555
presage1560
portent1562
ostent1570
presagie1581
omen1582
presagement1586
luck sign1587
augury1588
prognosticon1588
forerunner1589
presager1591
halfner1594
spae1596
abode1598
oss1600
assign1601
augur1603
bodement1613
predictiona1616
prognosticala1618
bespeaker1624
portender1635
pre-indicant1659
foreshadow1834
boder1846
prognosticant1880
sky sign1880
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 5990 Þe egle..No þinge was but tokne of tresoun, Pronostik and declaracioun.
a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 172 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 546 (MED) Whan wilde gees hihe in the ayer vp fleen, A pronostik o[f] snow & wedris colde.
1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man iii. 171 Alexander receiued these gifts, as a prognostick of his good fortune.
a1605 (c1471) Hist. Arrival King Edward IV (1838) 13 A fayre miracle, a goode pronostique of good aventure.
1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xix. 341 Winds..often..rise suddenly without any Prognosticks.
1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 9 From sure Prognosticks learn to know the Skies.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. xlix. 66 A great comet appeared about the time of her death, and the vulgar esteemed it the prognostic of that event.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. xiv. 321 Laud felt it as..the prognostic of his own doom.
1882 R. Abercromby in Nature 12 Oct. 572/2 In common parlance any particular ‘look’ of the sky is called a prognostic, and it is a natural extension of the idea to call the ‘look’ of the sky absorption spectrum a prognostic.
1895 W. Archer Theatr. ‘World’ 1894 367 My estimate of a play..affords a very fair prognostic of its chances of success.
1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) ii. 24 All over the world a pale moon and watery sun are known as prognostics of rain.
1965 Times 22 Mar. 11/5 He complains that the A-level examination..is fallible as a prognostic.
1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 134 A list of bishops made about 1123 which noted the Gospel phrases used as prognostics at each bishop's consecration.
b. A prediction or judgement of the future drawn from such an indication; a forecast, prophecy, anticipation.In later use sometimes an extended use of medical sense at 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > prediction based on sign or omen
prenotion1588
prognostication1600
prognostic1618
prognosticate1652
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > a prediction or prophecy
prenostica1393
spaea1400
prognostication?a1425
prenostication?a1450
forespeaking1480
prenosticature1490
soothsaying1535
foredestiny?1549
foresaw1555
presage1560
abodement1565
prenotion1588
predict1609
prophetical1615
prognosis1649
conjectation1652
prognosticate1652
propheticism1684
prognostic1701
oracle1713
precantation1838
1618 T. Adams Happines of Church 123 We feast, reuel, daunce, sin, and sing like swannes the prognostickes of our owne funerals.
1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 225 When this young Lord came to Rome..from the battaile of Prague, I can well witnesse..of the great Prognosticks all such gave of him.
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. xx. 268 Almanack-makers, are forc'd to eat their owne prognosticks.
1701 Earl of Clarendon in R. Griffin Pepys' Diary (1879) VI. 208 I could not but think it odd..that a man..should give such a prognostick.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. xliii. 274 Reflexion and Prognostic are ever inspiriting parts of the pretension of people who have lived long.
1815 Zeluca II. 285 I thank you for your inauspicious prognostics.
1884 H. D. Traill in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 29/1 Every unpleasing phenomenon of our Parliamentary life supplies fresh material for these despairing prognostics.
1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) i. 1 At an early stage among every people the premonitory signs of good or bad weather become formulated into short sayings or popular prognostics.
1977 Times 12 Mar. p. viii./5 Whatever the prognostics, Venezuelan democracy is alive and kicking.
1990 Daily Herald (Chicago) 7 May ii. 7/1 The dire prognostics have turned into glowing reviews.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prognosticadj.n.2

Brit. /prɒɡˈnɒstɪk/, U.S. /prɑɡˈnɑstɪk/
Forms: late Middle English pronostik, 1600s prognosticke, 1600s prognostik, 1600s–1700s prognostick, 1600s– prognostic.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prognosticus.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin prognosticus of or relating to prognosis (5th cent.), of or relating to prediction, prophetic (from 12th cent. in British sources) < Hellenistic Greek προγνωστικός foreknowing, prescient, of or relating to prognosis < ancient Greek προ- pro- prefix2 + γνωστικός gnostic adj., after προγιγνώσκειν to know beforehand. Compare Middle French, French pronosticque , prognostic (second half of the 15th cent. in signes prognosticques ; French pronostique ). Compare earlier prognostical adj.
A. adj.
1. Of, or relating to, or characterized by prognostication or prediction; (of a phenomenon, event, etc.) taken as an omen or portent; foreshowing, foretelling, predictive; (formerly also of a person) †skilled at or given to prediction (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > [adjective]
prognostica1500
prefigurative?1504
prenunciative1555
presignificant1576
shadowing1579
presignificative1588
prenuncious1656
umbratica1677
forecoming1860
foresignifying1860
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [adjective]
prognostical?a1450
prognostica1500
foreguessing1548
prognosticable1562
prophetical1567
prospective1581
prophetica1616
predictive1637
foretellinga1640
predictory1641
forespeaking1650
predictionala1661
prognosticatory1693
prognosticative1813
proleptic1858
a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 572 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 563 (MED) A[s] pronostik clerkis ber wittnesse, Beth war of Phebus that erly cast his liht.
1642 H. Wotton Life & Death George Villers 26 This is all that I dare present of that nature to any of judgement, not unwillingly omitting certain prognostick Anagrams, and such strains of fancy.
1653 E. Hall Ὴ ἀποστασία ὁ ἀντίχριστος iv. iii. 140 The word σημοῖον amongst humane Authors signifies a prognostick signe.
1761 B. Stillingfleet Cal. Flora Introd. p. xx I have..marked the plants which appear to be most prognostic by an asterisk.
1790 G. Adams (title) A short dissertation on the barometer, thermometer, and other meteorological instruments: together with an account of the prognostic signs of the weather.
1851 J. P. Nichol Archit. Heavens (ed. 9) 161 Movements of the leaves during a silent night, prognostic of the breeze that has yet scarce come.
1879 G. Meredith Egoist xvii A sensitive gentleman, anxious even to prognostic apprehension on behalf of his pride, his comfort and his prevalence.
1920 U.S.S. Oklahoma Sea-Bag 25 July 2/1 The Scuttle Butt has justified its existence as a source of prognostic rumor. The water is freezing cold—the Scuttle Butt is iced.
1969 Jrnl. Inst. Navigation 22 326 Essentially, synoptic and prognostic weather and wave charts are utilized to compute the track of least travel time.
1991 Brit. Jrnl. Criminol. 21 327 Overall, acquiring a record for early delinquency was quite strongly prognostic of future crime.
2. Medicine. Predictive of the course or outcome of a disease; of or relating to prognosis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [adjective] > prognostic
prognosticating1583
prognosticative1594
prognostic1603
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [adjective]
prognosticate?a1425
prognostical?a1450
prognostaticc1475
portentousc1487
presagiousc1487
prodigiousc1487
prodigial1548
portending1560
augural1568
presaging1592
ominous1593
boding1594
portentive1594
prognostic1603
presageful1606
prognosticous1607
ostentful1608
prognosticant1619
predictious1631
portentful1633
ominal1651
ominating1663
bodeful1813
portentious1863
1603 P. Holland in tr. Plutarch Morals Explan. Words Prognosticke, foreknowing and foreshewing: as the signes in a disease which foresignifie death or recovery.
1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 24 There are..diuerse prognosticke signes foreshewing life or death.
1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) ii. 8/2 The good Prognostic Signs are these.
1735 W. Hillary Rational & Mechanical Ess. Small-Pox (title page) With the Diagnostic and Prognostic Symptoms, through all the Stations of the Disease.
1797 Cullen's Clin. Lect. 1765 & 1766 195 As every body does not admit that the nervous influence is the cause of the contraction of the heart and arteries;..to such this prognostic sign will appear unjust; but, however, experience confirms it.
1838 Times 12 Sept. 3/4 A dry skin being in these parts prognostic of a destructive ephemeral fever.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 120 The great prognostic importance of optic atrophy.
1928 W. G. Lee Childbirth vi. 62 The occurrence of pain has prognostic value..as an indication that the intensity of uterine contractions has increased.
1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) iv. 396 No new material was brought forward—perhaps a good prognostic sign indicating that it really was the appropriate time to end therapy.
2005 Jrnl. Clin. Oncol. 23 7574 The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders.
B. n.2
A person who predicts the future, a foreteller of events. Cf. prognosticator n. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > one who predicts
forquidder?c1225
prophet?c1225
prognosticator1552
foreshower1555
foreteller1580
forepointer1587
avant-courier1611
predicter1641
predictor1641
prognostic1653
prognostes1654
prophecy-monger1655
foreboder1687
boder1692
prognosticant1880
1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 33 I might a litle question the skil of Mr. L. himself, and some of his felow Prognosticks, in that part of the Sideral Science.
1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 175 Those antiq Wizards as well..as our modern Prognostiks.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxxiii. 285 Induced by certain prognostics gathered at Duffield on the nomination-day.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prognosticv.

Forms: Middle English pronosteke, Middle English pronostic, Middle English–1500s pronostike, 1500s prognostyke, 1500s pronostick, 1500s–1600s prognostick, 1600s prognosticke; Scottish pre-1700 pronostik, pre-1700 pronostok.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prognostiquer; Latin prognosticare.
Etymology: Partly < Middle French prognostiquer, pronostiquer, pronostiker to forecast, predict (1314 in Old French in medical use as pronostiquier ; French pronostiquer , †prognostiquer ; < pronostique prognostic n.1), and partly < post-classical Latin prognosticare to portend, indicate (from 11th cent. in British sources), to foretell, predict (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), (in medical context) to make a prognosis concerning (14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin prognōsticum prognostic n.1 Compare Old Occitan pronosticar , Catalan pronosticar (15th cent.), Spanish pronosticar (mid 13th cent.), Portuguese prognosticar (15th cent.), Italian pronosticare (1325). Compare prognosticate v.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To predict, foretell, presage (an event or outcome), to prognosticate (something); (Medicine) to make a prognosis concerning (a disease or injury).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > diagnose or prognose [verb (transitive)] > prognose
prognostica1400
prognose1867
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > predict, foretell [verb (transitive)]
fore-sayc900
bodeOE
before-sayOE
before-tella1382
foretella1400
prognostica1400
tella1400
prenosticate?a1475
prenostic1477
prognosticatec1487
forespeak1489
prognostify1495
foreshow1561
prenunce1563
presage1569
boden1573
forewarn1582
predict1590
forehalsen1594
foresignify1597
prognosticon1602
predivine1607
forespell1611
predicate1623
prenuntiate1623
preadmonish1644
forebode1664
prediction1665
prenotea1711
bespeak1721
pre-announce1793
prophesize1848
to call for ——1895
pick1909
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]
betokenc1275
bode1387
prognostica1400
pretend1402
prognosticate?a1425
ossc1450
importc1487
prognostify1495
protendc1554
presage1562
abode1573
boden1573
denounce1581
importune1590
prejudicate1595
foretoken1598
ominate1598
auspicate1604
divine1607
foredeem1612
warranta1616
augur1630
preaugurate1635
prewarna1637
prenote1641
preominate1646
forespeak1667
omen1697
betidea1799
bespeak1851
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 154 (MED) Þou schalt euermore in sich maner woundis pronosteken [v.r. pronostiken; L. pronosticare] deth.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 29 (MED) Many oþer thinges þai pronostic and diuines by þe colours of þa flawmes.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xx. 30 He wald nocht pronostok [v.r. pronostik] nor devyne na sic harmes to cum on þame.
1559 Abp. M. Parker Let. 1 Mar. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 61 The adversaries have good sport..to prognostick the likelihood.
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §55. 128 Those acute and subtill spirits..can hardly divine who shall be saved, which if they could prognostick, their labour were at an end. View more context for this quotation
1659 H. More Immortality of Soul iii. v. 379 When the Sun shines waterishly and prognosticks rain.
1674 J. Locke Let. 18 Jan. in B. Rand Locke & Clarke (1927) 81 I am not wise enough to comment or prognostick this.
1756 H. Laurens Let. 10 Apr. in Papers (1970) II. 164 This..prognosticks a pretty good Sale for the Carolina Indigo.
2. intransitive. To make a prediction, prognosticate; to make a (medical) prognosis.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > utter predictions [verb (intransitive)]
prognosticate?a1475
prognostic1481
prophetizea1500
tell?1518
prophesy1563
presage1592
predict1652
prophesize1816
1481 tr. Cicero De Senectute (Caxton) sig. Civv They [sc. old men] also remembre..how the augurys..sholde determyne and pronostike vpon the dyuinacions and thynges that be for to come.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens i. sig. Bij A Cyrurgyen..ought to be gentyll to his pacientes..wyly in prognostykynge.
c1580 tr. Bugbears v. viii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 Your daughter is well, even as I did pronostick.
1630 W. Prynne Anti-Arminianisme 280 The present tempestuous, rainie, vnseasonable weather threaten and prognosticke to vs for our apostasie.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1?a1425adj.n.2a1500v.a1400
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