单词 | prognostic |
释义 | prognosticn.1 1. Medicine. = prognosis n. 2a. Also: a symptom or indication on which a prognosis is based (cf. prognosis n. 2b). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun] entacha1375 symptom1398 accidenta1400 showerc1400 prognostic?a1425 grudgingc1440 prognosticationc1475 grudge1562 symptomates1583 grutchinga1637 annotation1644 pathognomic1683 pathognomonic1704 prognosis1706 modality1911 the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > prognosis prognosticationa1400 prognosis1650 prophasis1681 prognostic1753 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 88 (MED) As to pronostic [L. pronosticum], we wote þat if vlcerez of þe heued come vnto þe panne..þer is not litel perile broȝt in. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 256 (MED) Woundes in þe nekke..haue..some propre pronostikes, i. schewynges tofore, and fewe helynges. 1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. iii. 29 Let the Reader know that whereas Guido and Tagautius pretende this to bee Auicens prognostick of the carbuncle, they are deceiued. 1621 R. Burton (title) The anatomy of melancholy, what it is, with all the kindes, cavses, symptomes, prognostickes, and severall cures of it. 1753 N. Torriano tr. J. B. L. Chomel Hist. Diss. Gangrenous Sore Throat 71 Hippocrates..made a favourable Prognostic in the Squinancy, when the Humour of the Disease tended outwards. 1798 R. Jackson Outl. Hist. & Cure Fever viii. 236 Copious and effective bilious evacuations..furnish a favourable prognostic. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 609 In forming our prognostic, a special regard must be had to the peculiar character of the disease. 1883 Times 3 Oct. 10/5 Dr. Blumberg..particularly praised him [sc. Hippocrates] for his great knowledge of prognostics. 1925 Sci. Monthly Oct. 376 Some pupils..came to the laboratory to see more closely those methods which resulted in diagnostics so precise and prognostics so certain. 2003 Surg. Oncol. 12 173 (title) Molecular prognostics in colorectal cancer. 2. Frequently in plural. a. Something which forewarns of events to come; an omen, a portent.Originally applied to things believed to be occult or supernatural in nature, as the meteorological signs of the weather. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] foretokenc888 tokeningc888 beaconc950 token971 handsela1200 boding1297 wonder1297 bodec1374 signa1387 foreboding1387 prenostica1393 prognosticc1425 prophetc1430 prognostication?a1439 ostentationa1450 prenostication?a1450 prodigy?a1450 augurationc1450 preparative1460 prenosticate?a1475 prenosticative?a1475 prodige1482 prenosticature1490 tokener1513 weird1513 show token1535 luck1538 prognosticate1541 preamble1548 proffer1548 presagition?c1550 foreshower1555 presage1560 portent1562 ostent1570 presagie1581 omen1582 presagement1586 luck sign1587 augury1588 prognosticon1588 forerunner1589 presager1591 halfner1594 spae1596 abode1598 oss1600 assign1601 augur1603 bodement1613 predictiona1616 prognosticala1618 bespeaker1624 portender1635 pre-indicant1659 foreshadow1834 boder1846 prognosticant1880 sky sign1880 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 5990 Þe egle..No þinge was but tokne of tresoun, Pronostik and declaracioun. a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 172 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 546 (MED) Whan wilde gees hihe in the ayer vp fleen, A pronostik o[f] snow & wedris colde. 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man iii. 171 Alexander receiued these gifts, as a prognostick of his good fortune. a1605 (c1471) Hist. Arrival King Edward IV (1838) 13 A fayre miracle, a goode pronostique of good aventure. 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xix. 341 Winds..often..rise suddenly without any Prognosticks. 1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 9 From sure Prognosticks learn to know the Skies. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. xlix. 66 A great comet appeared about the time of her death, and the vulgar esteemed it the prognostic of that event. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. xiv. 321 Laud felt it as..the prognostic of his own doom. 1882 R. Abercromby in Nature 12 Oct. 572/2 In common parlance any particular ‘look’ of the sky is called a prognostic, and it is a natural extension of the idea to call the ‘look’ of the sky absorption spectrum a prognostic. 1895 W. Archer Theatr. ‘World’ 1894 367 My estimate of a play..affords a very fair prognostic of its chances of success. 1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) ii. 24 All over the world a pale moon and watery sun are known as prognostics of rain. 1965 Times 22 Mar. 11/5 He complains that the A-level examination..is fallible as a prognostic. 1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 134 A list of bishops made about 1123 which noted the Gospel phrases used as prognostics at each bishop's consecration. b. A prediction or judgement of the future drawn from such an indication; a forecast, prophecy, anticipation.In later use sometimes an extended use of medical sense at 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > prediction based on sign or omen prenotion1588 prognostication1600 prognostic1618 prognosticate1652 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > a prediction or prophecy prenostica1393 spaea1400 prognostication?a1425 prenostication?a1450 forespeaking1480 prenosticature1490 soothsaying1535 foredestiny?1549 foresaw1555 presage1560 abodement1565 prenotion1588 predict1609 prophetical1615 prognosis1649 conjectation1652 prognosticate1652 propheticism1684 prognostic1701 oracle1713 precantation1838 1618 T. Adams Happines of Church 123 We feast, reuel, daunce, sin, and sing like swannes the prognostickes of our owne funerals. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 225 When this young Lord came to Rome..from the battaile of Prague, I can well witnesse..of the great Prognosticks all such gave of him. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. xx. 268 Almanack-makers, are forc'd to eat their owne prognosticks. 1701 Earl of Clarendon in R. Griffin Pepys' Diary (1879) VI. 208 I could not but think it odd..that a man..should give such a prognostick. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. xliii. 274 Reflexion and Prognostic are ever inspiriting parts of the pretension of people who have lived long. 1815 Zeluca II. 285 I thank you for your inauspicious prognostics. 1884 H. D. Traill in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 29/1 Every unpleasing phenomenon of our Parliamentary life supplies fresh material for these despairing prognostics. 1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) i. 1 At an early stage among every people the premonitory signs of good or bad weather become formulated into short sayings or popular prognostics. 1977 Times 12 Mar. p. viii./5 Whatever the prognostics, Venezuelan democracy is alive and kicking. 1990 Daily Herald (Chicago) 7 May ii. 7/1 The dire prognostics have turned into glowing reviews. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). prognosticadj.n.2 A. adj. 1. Of, or relating to, or characterized by prognostication or prediction; (of a phenomenon, event, etc.) taken as an omen or portent; foreshowing, foretelling, predictive; (formerly also of a person) †skilled at or given to prediction (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > [adjective] prognostica1500 prefigurative?1504 prenunciative1555 presignificant1576 shadowing1579 presignificative1588 prenuncious1656 umbratica1677 forecoming1860 foresignifying1860 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [adjective] prognostical?a1450 prognostica1500 foreguessing1548 prognosticable1562 prophetical1567 prospective1581 prophetica1616 predictive1637 foretellinga1640 predictory1641 forespeaking1650 predictionala1661 prognosticatory1693 prognosticative1813 proleptic1858 a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 572 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 563 (MED) A[s] pronostik clerkis ber wittnesse, Beth war of Phebus that erly cast his liht. 1642 H. Wotton Life & Death George Villers 26 This is all that I dare present of that nature to any of judgement, not unwillingly omitting certain prognostick Anagrams, and such strains of fancy. 1653 E. Hall Ὴ ἀποστασία ὁ ἀντίχριστος iv. iii. 140 The word σημοῖον amongst humane Authors signifies a prognostick signe. 1761 B. Stillingfleet Cal. Flora Introd. p. xx I have..marked the plants which appear to be most prognostic by an asterisk. 1790 G. Adams (title) A short dissertation on the barometer, thermometer, and other meteorological instruments: together with an account of the prognostic signs of the weather. 1851 J. P. Nichol Archit. Heavens (ed. 9) 161 Movements of the leaves during a silent night, prognostic of the breeze that has yet scarce come. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist xvii A sensitive gentleman, anxious even to prognostic apprehension on behalf of his pride, his comfort and his prevalence. 1920 U.S.S. Oklahoma Sea-Bag 25 July 2/1 The Scuttle Butt has justified its existence as a source of prognostic rumor. The water is freezing cold—the Scuttle Butt is iced. 1969 Jrnl. Inst. Navigation 22 326 Essentially, synoptic and prognostic weather and wave charts are utilized to compute the track of least travel time. 1991 Brit. Jrnl. Criminol. 21 327 Overall, acquiring a record for early delinquency was quite strongly prognostic of future crime. 2. Medicine. Predictive of the course or outcome of a disease; of or relating to prognosis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [adjective] > prognostic prognosticating1583 prognosticative1594 prognostic1603 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [adjective] prognosticate?a1425 prognostical?a1450 prognostaticc1475 portentousc1487 presagiousc1487 prodigiousc1487 prodigial1548 portending1560 augural1568 presaging1592 ominous1593 boding1594 portentive1594 prognostic1603 presageful1606 prognosticous1607 ostentful1608 prognosticant1619 predictious1631 portentful1633 ominal1651 ominating1663 bodeful1813 portentious1863 1603 P. Holland in tr. Plutarch Morals Explan. Words Prognosticke, foreknowing and foreshewing: as the signes in a disease which foresignifie death or recovery. 1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 24 There are..diuerse prognosticke signes foreshewing life or death. 1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) ii. 8/2 The good Prognostic Signs are these. 1735 W. Hillary Rational & Mechanical Ess. Small-Pox (title page) With the Diagnostic and Prognostic Symptoms, through all the Stations of the Disease. 1797 Cullen's Clin. Lect. 1765 & 1766 195 As every body does not admit that the nervous influence is the cause of the contraction of the heart and arteries;..to such this prognostic sign will appear unjust; but, however, experience confirms it. 1838 Times 12 Sept. 3/4 A dry skin being in these parts prognostic of a destructive ephemeral fever. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 120 The great prognostic importance of optic atrophy. 1928 W. G. Lee Childbirth vi. 62 The occurrence of pain has prognostic value..as an indication that the intensity of uterine contractions has increased. 1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) iv. 396 No new material was brought forward—perhaps a good prognostic sign indicating that it really was the appropriate time to end therapy. 2005 Jrnl. Clin. Oncol. 23 7574 The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. A person who predicts the future, a foreteller of events. Cf. prognosticator n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > one who predicts forquidder?c1225 prophet?c1225 prognosticator1552 foreshower1555 foreteller1580 forepointer1587 avant-courier1611 predicter1641 predictor1641 prognostic1653 prognostes1654 prophecy-monger1655 foreboder1687 boder1692 prognosticant1880 1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 33 I might a litle question the skil of Mr. L. himself, and some of his felow Prognosticks, in that part of the Sideral Science. 1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 175 Those antiq Wizards as well..as our modern Prognostiks. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxxiii. 285 Induced by certain prognostics gathered at Duffield on the nomination-day. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † prognosticv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To predict, foretell, presage (an event or outcome), to prognosticate (something); (Medicine) to make a prognosis concerning (a disease or injury). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > diagnose or prognose [verb (transitive)] > prognose prognostica1400 prognose1867 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > predict, foretell [verb (transitive)] fore-sayc900 bodeOE before-sayOE before-tella1382 foretella1400 prognostica1400 tella1400 prenosticate?a1475 prenostic1477 prognosticatec1487 forespeak1489 prognostify1495 foreshow1561 prenunce1563 presage1569 boden1573 forewarn1582 predict1590 forehalsen1594 foresignify1597 prognosticon1602 predivine1607 forespell1611 predicate1623 prenuntiate1623 preadmonish1644 forebode1664 prediction1665 prenotea1711 bespeak1721 pre-announce1793 prophesize1848 to call for ——1895 pick1909 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)] betokenc1275 bode1387 prognostica1400 pretend1402 prognosticate?a1425 ossc1450 importc1487 prognostify1495 protendc1554 presage1562 abode1573 boden1573 denounce1581 importune1590 prejudicate1595 foretoken1598 ominate1598 auspicate1604 divine1607 foredeem1612 warranta1616 augur1630 preaugurate1635 prewarna1637 prenote1641 preominate1646 forespeak1667 omen1697 betidea1799 bespeak1851 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 154 (MED) Þou schalt euermore in sich maner woundis pronosteken [v.r. pronostiken; L. pronosticare] deth. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 29 (MED) Many oþer thinges þai pronostic and diuines by þe colours of þa flawmes. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xx. 30 He wald nocht pronostok [v.r. pronostik] nor devyne na sic harmes to cum on þame. 1559 Abp. M. Parker Let. 1 Mar. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 61 The adversaries have good sport..to prognostick the likelihood. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §55. 128 Those acute and subtill spirits..can hardly divine who shall be saved, which if they could prognostick, their labour were at an end. View more context for this quotation 1659 H. More Immortality of Soul iii. v. 379 When the Sun shines waterishly and prognosticks rain. 1674 J. Locke Let. 18 Jan. in B. Rand Locke & Clarke (1927) 81 I am not wise enough to comment or prognostick this. 1756 H. Laurens Let. 10 Apr. in Papers (1970) II. 164 This..prognosticks a pretty good Sale for the Carolina Indigo. 2. intransitive. To make a prediction, prognosticate; to make a (medical) prognosis. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > utter predictions [verb (intransitive)] prognosticate?a1475 prognostic1481 prophetizea1500 tell?1518 prophesy1563 presage1592 predict1652 prophesize1816 1481 tr. Cicero De Senectute (Caxton) sig. Civv They [sc. old men] also remembre..how the augurys..sholde determyne and pronostike vpon the dyuinacions and thynges that be for to come. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens i. sig. Bij A Cyrurgyen..ought to be gentyll to his pacientes..wyly in prognostykynge. c1580 tr. Bugbears v. viii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 Your daughter is well, even as I did pronostick. 1630 W. Prynne Anti-Arminianisme 280 The present tempestuous, rainie, vnseasonable weather threaten and prognosticke to vs for our apostasie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1?a1425adj.n.2a1500v.a1400 |
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