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单词 properly
释义

properlyadv.

Brit. /ˈprɒp(ə)li/, U.S. /ˈprɑpərli/
Forms: see proper adj., n., and adv. and -ly suffix2; also late Middle English propely (transmission error), late Middle English properrely, late Middle English propylly (transmission error).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: proper adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < proper adj. + -ly suffix2. Compare proprement adv. and the French forms cited at that entry.
1. Correctly, rightly, duly; in an appropriate or suitable manner; respectably, with propriety or decency.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adverb]
rightlyeOE
arightc970
rightOE
properly?c1225
goodc1275
rightfully1340
truly1340
tallya1375
featlya1400
rekenlyc1400
communablya1425
fitc1440
accordantlyc1443
accordinglyc1443
justilyc1450
seemingly1483
fitlyc1550
conveniently1569
arightly1588
legitimately1593
fittinglya1643
legitimously1657
honest-like1807
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adverb] > fittingly or properly
welleOE
fairOE
meetlyOE
rightOE
worthlylOE
haghelyc1175
worthilyc1175
becomelyc1200
properly?c1225
i-semelichec1275
thriftilyc1374
duly1382
sittinglyc1390
justlyc1392
rightfula1400
goodlyc1400
hemelyc1400
meeta1450
statelya1450
ensuingly?1518
handsomely1525
worshipfully1532
decently1552
due1581
meeterly1589
fairly1600
beseemingly1611
dightly1616
becomingly1624
befittingly1638
fittinglya1643
condecently1656
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adverb] > with propriety
comelyOE
seemlyc1320
menskfullya1375
tallya1375
comelilyc1400
comelywise1440
decently1552
decent1716
decorously1808
properly1811
wise-like1822
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 78 Lokið hu propreliche þe lauedi in canticis..leareð ow bi hire saȝe hu ȝe schule seggen.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 672 (MED) He wend to haue lauȝt þat ladi loueli in armes, & clipte to him a pulwere & propirly it gretes, and welcomes hir worþli..þat puluere clept he certeisly & kust it ful ofte.
c1480 (a1400) SS. Simon & Jude 69 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 210 He send til hyme þane a paynteore..to paynt his fygur propirly.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 86 (MED) Thei wist not propirly to whom thei shulde or ought to do the perfeccion of this honoure which longith to the deite.
?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye i. sig. b2v Marke..how properlye that substancyall reason wherwith they go aboute to stablish purgatorye concludeth.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 372 Those famous sheep called Pacos which serve as properly for carriage as horses.
1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. xxx. 312 You very properly think of Rufus, for he was an Acquaintance of your Son.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. viii. 95 Law can never regulate them [sc. wages] properly . View more context for this quotation
1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude III. xlviii. 73 He took leave affectionately and yet properly.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxiii. 71 Take the horse back, and clean him properly.
1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1879) vi. xxxvii. 219 If the object-glass does not perform its part properly.
1908 E. M. Forster Room with View ii. 35 Built by faith indeed! That simply means the workmen weren't paid properly.
1964 J. Mitchell White Father x. 227 She nodded and said I was to tell you she hoped you were keeping well and eating properly.
1983 M. Roberts Visitation i. ii. 11 Her eyes so swollen with crying that she cannot see properly where she is going.
1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army ii. 15 Their own sergeant..is their parent for the duration since he's the one who has to get them up, make sure they're properly dressed and off to school on time.
2006 Miami Herald (Nexis) 26 Feb. d1 Several U.S. Olympians on hand for a wrap-up news conference spoke of their obligation to behave properly on and off the field of play.
2.
a. In itself, intrinsically, essentially; in one's own person, for oneself; as one's own, as private property; privately. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adverb] > as private property
properly1340
in proper1391
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adverb] > innately or naturally
i-cundelyeOE
through kindc1225
proprementc1230
kindlya1250
naturallyc1275
kinda1325
by kindc1325
of kindc1325
in kind1340
properly1340
voluntarily1562
natively1590
alliably1593
physically1629
innately1632
natural1793
congenitally1862
connately1884
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > for or as oneself
personallya1325
properly1340
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 25 (MED) He..deþ his guodes naȝt uor god properliche ac uor þe wordle.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 947 (MED) Gregoire..Seith that a man in special The lasse world is properly.
?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 49 Þei han grete housis proprid to hem self..& myche hid tresour..& þis tresour is kept proprely to idel men or fendis.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 4294 (MED) And if he loueþ one hertily Þat is noght his owne propurly, He trauailleþ in ielousie Of brennyng herte and grete folie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 84 My affaires Are Seruanted to others: Though I owe My Reuenge properly, my remission lies In Volcean brests. View more context for this quotation
1678 R. Cudworth tr. Simplicius in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 170 The whole World or Heaven..is moved properly by Soul.
a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 150 That not any thing belongd properlie to myselfe, sould be imbecelled.
b. By itself; by themselves; individually, distinctly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively)
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
sundrilyOE
sunderlepesOE
serelepesc1175
serelya1375
severinglya1390
sunderlingc1390
properlya1393
serea1400
severally1399
departinglya1425
diviselyc1449
severately1470
sunderwisea1550
separately1552
disjunctively1590
semovedly1593
distributively1597
particular1599
dividedly1607
dividually1631
separatively1789
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1268 (MED) Thus ben the Signes propreli Divided.
1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.ix A man maye take a glasse, and breake the glasse into manye peces and in euerye pece properly thou mayste see thy face.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 863 Thay preis furth properly thair pithis to prufe.
3. Particularly, distinctively; specifically; peculiarly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adverb]
sundrilyeOE
properly1340
specially1340
notablya1425
particularly?a1425
appropriately1530
severallyc1610
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 34 (MED) Ac specialliche and propreliche, of þe rote of auarice guoþ out manye smale roten, þet byeþ wel greate dyadliche zennes.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 297 Þe frogge..makeþ nouȝt þat voice but oonliche in water, And propreliche þe male in tyme of loue whanne he cryeþ for þe female.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xliii. 73 (MED) This Owhte for ȝow to ben Chastysinge; And this belongeth to ȝow properly.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. d ii/a That terme, draw, is propurli assigned to that hawke that will slee a Roke or a Crow or a Reuyn.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 19 A certane schort..grase, quhairin scheip properlie delytes.
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. viii. §5. 130 A subject hath nothing properly his owne against the will of the Supreme Authority.
1823 W. Scott Peveril III. ii. 50 One would think mischief was so properly thy element, that to thee it was indifferent whether friend or foe was the sufferer.
4. In the correct or strict sense; strictly speaking; †literally, not figuratively (obsolete); in accordance with fact; accurately, exactly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adverb]
rightlyeOE
righteOE
evenOE
evenlya1225
redlyc1275
justicelya1375
justilya1375
justlya1375
redilya1375
trulya1375
properlya1382
precisec1392
preciselyc1392
truec1392
straitlya1395
leala1400
arightc1405
by linec1420
justlyc1425
featlya1450
rule-righta1450
to the letter?1495
exquisitely1526
evenliklya1530
very1530
absolutely1538
jump1539
just1568
accurately1581
punctually1581
jumplya1586
arights1596
just so1601
plumb1601
compassly1606
nicelya1616
squarely1626
justa1631
adequately1632
mathematicallya1638
critically1655
exquisitively1660
just1665
pointedly1667
faithfully1690
correctlya1704
jus1801
jest1815
jes1851
neat1875
cleanly1883
on the nose1883
smack-dab1892
spot on1920
forensically1974
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > literal meaning > [adverb]
literally1579
Nicodemically1647
technicallya1652
properly1674
strictly1764
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Kings Prol. 37 Þese ben þe fyue bookis of Moises, þe whiche þei clepyn propreli thorath, þat is, þe lawe.
c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 280 (MED) Þis desyre is not propurli loue, but hit is a begynnyng..For loue is propurli ful couplyng of þe louer & þe loued to-geder.
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 20 (MED) For if ‘makyng of nouȝt’ schulde be take and be undirstonde propirli, it is not trewe þat god þanne made Adam of nouȝt, forwhi þe mater of his bodi was bifore.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xiv. 1 Tabernakile propirly is the mansyon of feghtand men.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxiiij If we wil properly & exactly speake, accordyng to the difinition of the word.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. i. 7 He keepes me rustically at home, or (to speak more properly) staies me heere at home vnkept. View more context for this quotation
1674 W. Allen Danger of Enthusiasm 128 Carefully avoiding to take words properly, which are spoken metaphorically.
1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous i. 7 Are those Things only perceived by the Senses which are perceived immediately? Or may those Things properly be said to be Sensible, which are perceived mediately.
1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 18 These expressions are absolute and unlimited (or more properly, general).
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. ii. 17 Greece properly so called, that is, as distinguished from Macedonia.
1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) i. iii. 71 Virtue is not virtue, properly speaking, when it is constrained.
1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. i. 211 The French Church, properly the Church of Sainte-Agnes, stood upon a hill.
1974 J. B. Morton Beachcomber 182 She is now the Captain's general manager at Katzphur House or, as it is more properly called, Maison Katzphur.
1997 National Geographic Traveler July 99/1 The North Cascades, properly speaking, are the last hundred miles or so just south of the Canadian border.
5. In an elegant or fine manner; admirably, well. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [adverb]
fairlyOE
comelyOE
hendly?c1225
goodlyc1275
seemlya1325
sweet1338
quaintly1340
properlyc1390
well?a1400
comelilyc1400
seemlilyc1400
jollilyc1426
formally1548
handsomely1560
sightly1592
handsome1600
winsomely17..
nicely1714
in one's best (also worst) looks1816
presentably1848
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adverb]
fairlyOE
goodlyc1275
finec1330
properlyc1390
daintily?a1400
thrivinglya1400
goodlily?1457
excellent1483
excellently1527
excellently1529
curiously1548
jollilyc1563
admirably1570
beautifully1570
singularly1576
bravelyc1600
famouslya1616
manlya1616
primely1622
prime1648
eximiously1650
topping1683
egregiously1693
purely1695
trimmingly1719
toppinglya1739
surprisingly1749
capitally1750
brawly1796
jellily18..
stammingly1814
divinely1822
stunningly1823
rippingly1828
jam up1835
out of sight1835
first-rately1843
first rate1844
like a charm1845
stunning1851
marvellously1859
magnificently1868
first class1871
splendidly1883
sterlingly1883
tip-top1888
like one o'clock1901
deevily1905
goodo1907
dandy1908
bonzer1914
great1916
juicily1916
corkingly1917
champion1925
unbeatably1928
snodger1946
beaut1953
smashingly1956
groovily1970
awesome1984
c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3320 Yclad he was ful smal and proprely, Al in a kirtel of a light waget.
c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 509 (MED) Þe Orisoun is of seynt Ambrose, Þat he properly in prose Made in his preyere.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 107 Made of precious stanes so properly and so curiousely þat it semez as it ware a vyne growand.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 134 (MED) In þat land er many papeiais..and þai speke of þaire awen kynde als properly as a man.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 62 (MED) ‘Apparaile þe propirli,’ quod Pride.
?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Cvjv I can pranke it properly.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Properly or trymme, concinne, dextre.
1732 Earl of Oxford in Portland Papers VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 159 I never saw hills so properly and so finely clothed.
1740–87 Lett. Miss Talbot, &c. (1808) 19 A mean dressed man got up into a tree, and from thence harangued them very properly.
6. Completely, thoroughly; exceedingly, very. Now chiefly colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > utterly
allOE
allOE
outlyOE
thwert-outc1175
skerea1225
thoroughc1225
downrightc1275
purec1300
purelyc1300
faira1325
finelyc1330
quitec1330
quitelyc1330
utterlyc1374
outerlya1382
plainlya1382
straighta1387
allutterly1389
starkc1390
oultrelya1393
plata1393
barec1400
outrightc1400
incomparablyc1422
absolutely?a1425
simpliciter?a1425
staringa1425
quitementa1450
properlyc1450
directly1455
merec1475
incomparable1482
preciselyc1503
clean?1515
cleara1522
plain1535
merely1546
stark1553
perfectly1555
right-down1566
simply1574
flat1577
flatly1577
skire1581
plumb1588
dead?1589
rankly1590
stark1593
sheera1600
start1599
handsmooth1600
peremptory1601
sheerly1601
rank1602
utter1619
point-blank1624
proofa1625
peremptorily1626
downrightly1632
right-down1646
solid1651
clever1664
just1668
hollow1671
entirely1673
blank1677
even down1677
cleverly1696
uncomparatively1702
subtly1733
point1762
cussed1779
regularly1789
unqualifiedly1789
irredeemably1790
positively1800
cussedly1802
heart1812
proper1816
slick1818
blankly1822
bang1828
smack1828
pluperfectly1831
unmitigatedly1832
bodaciously1833
unredeemedly1835
out of sight1839
bodacious1845
regular1846
thoroughly1846
ingrainedly1869
muckinga1880
fucking1893
motherless1898
self1907
stone1928
sideways1956
terminally1974
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1926 (MED) For now he proches for pride & propurly he wedis, For-þi him bose to be bett as a barne fallis.
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 3283 Prosperite & proride [read pride] propyrly me blyndyd.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xxiv. sig. Div For certayne I thoughte properly it had ben you.
1664 S. Pepys Diary 24 June (1971) V. 188 Such variety of pictures and other things of value and rarity, that I was properly confounded.
1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. iv. xv. 186 Things that wait their due Time, are not properly ripen'd, but are of later Growth.
1816 W. Scott Let. 29 May (1933) IV. 242 Economy is the order of the day, and I can assure you they are shaving properly close.
1895 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) II. 309 They beat us properly..we polled about half what they did.
1896 Daily News 18 Mar. 3/6 The accused said he got ‘properly drunk’.
1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door App. 305 Those moorland waters have to flow further down the haughs before they properly enter human life.
1969 N. E. Cameron Trumpet 22 They properly hate the Catholics and preach terribly against us, words that I won't repeat.
1990 P. Melville Shape-shifter (1991) 38 On the first day she felt properly well, Millie sat out on the front steps.
7. Mathematics. So as to form a proper subset or a proper subgroup (cf. proper adj. 9).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adverb]
harmonically1597
properly1929
1929 L. Weisner tr. E. Galois in D. E. Smith Source Bk. in Math. 281 It is easy to see that it [sc. a group] is not further properly decomposable.
1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 6 The set A is..properly contained in B if every member of A belongs to B and there is at least one member of B which does not belong to A.
2001 Amer. Math. Monthly 108 545 The..functions are properly contained in the class of functions that are differentiable almost everywhere.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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