protasisn.

Brit.

/ˈprɒtəsɪs/, U.S.

/ˈprɑdəsəs/

Forms: 1500s– protasis, 1600s protesis (perhaps transmission error).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin protasis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin protasis first part of a play (4th cent.), rhetorical figure consisting of a proposition which is then retracted (c400) < ancient Greek πρότασις proposition, premise, in Hellenistic Greek also conditional clause, problem < προ- pro- prefix² + τάσις tension (see taseometer n.). Compare Spanish prótasis (1596 or earlier), Italian protasi (1543).

1. In ancient drama: the first part of a play, in which the characters and subject are introduced. Also in extended use. Cf. epitasis n., catastrophe n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > parts of ancient Greek play

protasisa1568

catastrophe1579

epitasis1589

antistrophea1620

catastasis1656

episode1678

exode1764

agon1847

stichomythia1861

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 57 He began the Protasis with Trochays Octonarys.

c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems Ad Lectorem in Times' Whistle (1871) 111 Thou shalt be both the protasis & catastrophe of my epistle.

a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady i. Chorus 1 in Wks. (1640) III What censure you of our Protasis, or first Act?.. Doe you looke, Mr. Damplay, for conclusions in a Protesis? I thought the Law of Comedy had reserv'd to the Catastrophe.

1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 6 I saw it Scene by Scene, and helped him in the writing, it breaks well, the Protasis good, the Catastasis excellent, there's no Episode, but the Catastrophe is admirable.

1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 17 I am sick..of the Diction, of the Protasis, of the Epitasis, and the Catastrophe——Alas, what is become of the Drama?

1765 G. Colman in tr. Terence Comedies Andrian 18 (note) Here we take our leave of Sosia..who appears only once in the beginning (the Protasis) of the piece.

1815 ‘J. Mathers’ Hist. Mr. John Decastro & Brother Bat I. 259 Thus far by way of protasis to the matter..the epitasis whereof..comes next.

1896 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 11 321 There is, in 266 lines, the protasis of the drama, with introduction of Troilus and Criseyde and full indication of the dramatic passion.

1961 Listener 5 Oct. 527/2 For a good deal of his new novel one might as well be reading the protasis of a fair-to-middling detective story.

2000 Slavic Rev. 59 538 The opening poem..represents the protasis or introduction to the drama to follow.

†2. A proposition or maxim. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

1572 C. Carlile Disc. ii. 44 He that can prohibite matrimonie is aboue Christ: The Pope can prohibite matrimonie. Ergo the Pope is aboue Christ. Protasis, is proued by Mathew the. 19. verb. 6.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Protasis, a Proposition or Declaration.

1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Protasis, 1. A maxim or proposition.

1806 Monthly Mag. 22 210 It is a universally received protasis among grammarians that the first terms of every language were nouns, which were turned into verbs by putting them in action.

3. Grammar and Rhetoric. The first or introductory clause in a sentence, esp. the clause which expresses the condition in a conditional sentence. Also figurative. Opposed to apodosis n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > other specific types of clause

clausulec1449

protasis1588

illative1604

apodosisa1638

incident proposition1725

subordinate clause1809

subclause1823

adjective clause1834

subject clause1840

nominative absolute1843

that-clause1845

head clause1915

contact-clause1927

content clause1927

wh-clause1957

1588 W. Kempe Educ. Children sig. G.4^v Only the protasis or first part of our similitude is attributed but to Cato, for want of a like similitude garnished with like authoritie.

a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) 77 Let us examine and consider a little of the Protasis, whereof the words I have now read are the Apodosis.

1668 J. Howe Blessednesse of Righteous x. 180 Giving us, in his Protasis, a similitude not fully expressive of his seeming meaning.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Aparithmesis, in rhetoric, denotes the answer to the protasis or proposition itself. Thus if the protasis be appellandi tempus non erat, the Aparithmesis is at tecum anno plus vixi.

1845 Amer. Whig. Rev. Jan. 62/2 It may seem trifling, that we use so many words to expose a mere disagreement of terms—unfitness of apodosis to protasis.

1879 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. iv. §1025 A subordinate (relative, temporal, causal, concessive, or conditional) sentence is often called the protasis, the principal (i.e. demonstrative, conditioned, &c.) sentence is often called the apodosis.

1904 C. T. Onions Advanced Eng. Syntax 57 A Complex Sentence consisting of an Adverb Clause of Condition (the If-Clause, sometimes called the Protasis) and a Principal Clause (sometimes called the Apodosis) is called a Conditional Sentence.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 672 Positing what protasis would the contraction for such several schemes become a natural and necessary apodosis?

1971 Language 47 81 I use the term ‘conditional sentence’ to cover the entire complex sentence consisting of a protasis and an apodosis.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. (Nexis) 9 Feb. 16/3 ‘If a frog had wings, he wouldn't bump his backside every time he jumps’... In this tall-talking construction, the subordinate or ‘iffy’ clause is called the protasis..from the Greek for ‘premise of a syllogism’; the main clause is the apodosis..from the Greek verb for ‘to deliver’.

†4. Ancient Greek Prosody and Latin Prosody. The first colon of a dicolic line or period. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Protasis..4. The first colon of a dicolic verse or period.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protasis
释义	protasisn. Brit. /ˈprɒtəsɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɑdəsəs/ Forms: 1500s– protasis, 1600s protesis (perhaps transmission error). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin protasis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin protasis first part of a play (4th cent.), rhetorical figure consisting of a proposition which is then retracted (c400) < ancient Greek πρότασις proposition, premise, in Hellenistic Greek also conditional clause, problem < προ- pro- prefix² + τάσις tension (see taseometer n.). Compare Spanish prótasis (1596 or earlier), Italian protasi (1543). 1. In ancient drama: the first part of a play, in which the characters and subject are introduced. Also in extended use. Cf. epitasis n., catastrophe n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > parts of ancient Greek play protasisa1568 catastrophe1579 epitasis1589 antistrophea1620 catastasis1656 episode1678 exode1764 agon1847 stichomythia1861 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 57 He began the Protasis with Trochays Octonarys. c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems Ad Lectorem in Times' Whistle (1871) 111 Thou shalt be both the protasis & catastrophe of my epistle. a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady i. Chorus 1 in Wks. (1640) III What censure you of our Protasis, or first Act?.. Doe you looke, Mr. Damplay, for conclusions in a Protesis? I thought the Law of Comedy had reserv'd to the Catastrophe. 1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 6 I saw it Scene by Scene, and helped him in the writing, it breaks well, the Protasis good, the Catastasis excellent, there's no Episode, but the Catastrophe is admirable. 1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 17 I am sick..of the Diction, of the Protasis, of the Epitasis, and the Catastrophe——Alas, what is become of the Drama? 1765 G. Colman in tr. Terence Comedies Andrian 18 (note) Here we take our leave of Sosia..who appears only once in the beginning (the Protasis) of the piece. 1815 ‘J. Mathers’ Hist. Mr. John Decastro & Brother Bat I. 259 Thus far by way of protasis to the matter..the epitasis whereof..comes next. 1896 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 11 321 There is, in 266 lines, the protasis of the drama, with introduction of Troilus and Criseyde and full indication of the dramatic passion. 1961 Listener 5 Oct. 527/2 For a good deal of his new novel one might as well be reading the protasis of a fair-to-middling detective story. 2000 Slavic Rev. 59 538 The opening poem..represents the protasis or introduction to the drama to follow. †2. A proposition or maxim. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 1572 C. Carlile Disc. ii. 44 He that can prohibite matrimonie is aboue Christ: The Pope can prohibite matrimonie. Ergo the Pope is aboue Christ. Protasis, is proued by Mathew the. 19. verb. 6. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Protasis, a Proposition or Declaration. 1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Protasis, 1. A maxim or proposition. 1806 Monthly Mag. 22 210 It is a universally received protasis among grammarians that the first terms of every language were nouns, which were turned into verbs by putting them in action. 3. Grammar and Rhetoric. The first or introductory clause in a sentence, esp. the clause which expresses the condition in a conditional sentence. Also figurative. Opposed to apodosis n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > other specific types of clause clausulec1449 protasis1588 illative1604 apodosisa1638 incident proposition1725 subordinate clause1809 subclause1823 adjective clause1834 subject clause1840 nominative absolute1843 that-clause1845 head clause1915 contact-clause1927 content clause1927 wh-clause1957 1588 W. Kempe Educ. Children sig. G.4^v Only the protasis or first part of our similitude is attributed but to Cato, for want of a like similitude garnished with like authoritie. a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) 77 Let us examine and consider a little of the Protasis, whereof the words I have now read are the Apodosis. 1668 J. Howe Blessednesse of Righteous x. 180 Giving us, in his Protasis, a similitude not fully expressive of his seeming meaning. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Aparithmesis, in rhetoric, denotes the answer to the protasis or proposition itself. Thus if the protasis be appellandi tempus non erat, the Aparithmesis is at tecum anno plus vixi. 1845 Amer. Whig. Rev. Jan. 62/2 It may seem trifling, that we use so many words to expose a mere disagreement of terms—unfitness of apodosis to protasis. 1879 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. iv. §1025 A subordinate (relative, temporal, causal, concessive, or conditional) sentence is often called the protasis, the principal (i.e. demonstrative, conditioned, &c.) sentence is often called the apodosis. 1904 C. T. Onions Advanced Eng. Syntax 57 A Complex Sentence consisting of an Adverb Clause of Condition (the If-Clause, sometimes called the Protasis) and a Principal Clause (sometimes called the Apodosis) is called a Conditional Sentence. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 672 Positing what protasis would the contraction for such several schemes become a natural and necessary apodosis? 1971 Language 47 81 I use the term ‘conditional sentence’ to cover the entire complex sentence consisting of a protasis and an apodosis. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. (Nexis) 9 Feb. 16/3 ‘If a frog had wings, he wouldn't bump his backside every time he jumps’... In this tall-talking construction, the subordinate or ‘iffy’ clause is called the protasis..from the Greek for ‘premise of a syllogism’; the main clause is the apodosis..from the Greek verb for ‘to deliver’. †4. Ancient Greek Prosody and Latin Prosody. The first colon of a dicolic line or period. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Protasis..4. The first colon of a dicolic verse or period. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1568
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