protectv.

Brit.

/prəˈtɛkt/, U.S.

/prəˈtɛk(t)/

Forms: late Middle English protecte, late Middle English protecte (past participle), 1500s proteckt, 1500s protect (past participle), 1500s– protect, 1600s pretect (Scottish), 1600s protecke (Scottish).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōtect-, prōtegere.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōtect-, past participial stem of prōtegere to shield, cover, to protect, defend, to serve as a protection against, keep out < prō- pro- prefix¹ + tegere to cover (see tect adj.). Compare Middle French protecter (a1506), Middle French, French protéger (see protégé n.). Compare earlier protection n.

a. transitive. To defend or guard from danger or injury; to support or assist against hostile or inimical action; to preserve from attack, persecution, harassment, etc.; to keep safe, take care of; to extend patronage to; to shield from attack or damage. Frequently with against, from. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]

shieldc825

frithc893

werea900

i-schield971

berghOE

biwerec1000

grithc1000

witec1000

keepc1175

burghena1225

ward?c1225

hilla1240

warrantc1275

witiec1275

forhilla1300

umshadea1300

defendc1325

fendc1330

to hold in or to warrantc1330

bielda1350

warisha1375

succoura1387

defencea1398

shrouda1400

umbeshadow14..

shelvec1425

targec1430

protect?1435

obumber?1440

thorn1483

warrantise1490

charea1500

safeguard1501

heild?a1513

shend1530

warrant1530

shadow1548

fence1577

safekeep1588

bucklera1593

counterguard1594

save1595

tara1612

target1611

screenc1613

pre-arm1615

custodite1657

shelter1667

to guard against1725

cushion1836

enshield1855

mind1924

buffer1958

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > of God or Christ

redeOE

preservea1393

protect?1435

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > act as guardian to (a child, etc.)

warda1000

governc1300

protect1528–30

supervise1845

?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 77 (MED) Rich. Wodeville..refused hym his desire..my seyde lorde off Wynchestre..afterward, in comprovyng off the seyde Refuse, protected the seyde Wodeville..ayenst the State.

c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 118 (MED) Nevertheles, God is myȝti ynouȝ forto protecte and defende this, and so do he for his charite and his goodnes.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 111 Like as a doȝhter is protecte of [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. is meynteyned and defended by; L. protegitur a] the moder, and subiecte to her.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv^v Whome god almighty..protected, defended, saued, & gouerned.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xvi^v The kynges wryttes ben the thynges by whiche a man is protecte and holpen.

1584 T. Lodge Alarum against Vsurers To Sir Philip Sidney sig. Aii Whom I most humbly intreate, not onely in so iust a cause to protect me, but also in these Primordia of my studies.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 4 The Lord protect him..Iesu blesse him.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 To every man remaineth..the right of protecting himselfe.

1684 G. Della Casa New Youth's Behaviour A5 You leave a Son, who can protect his Family.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xx. 9 These bones from insult to protect.

1793 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 183 I trust that Providence protects you and your illustrious brother for some great purpose.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xi. 646 Whenever a government undertakes to protect intellectual pursuits, it will almost always protect them in the wrong place and reward the wrong men.

1894 E. Fawcett New Nero ii. 26 Music..was always an expression of..that soulless and mysterious will-to-live, which for ever creates, protects, and perpetuates.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xvii. 264 When we were only acquaintances, you let me be myself, but now you're always protecting me... I won't be protected... To shield me is an insult.

1950 Times 9 Mar. 5/3 The..official who he has alleged..intervened to protect an employee who was regarded as a bad security risk.

1979 N. Mailer Executioner's Song II. ii. ix. 637 Stephanie was her dad's delight, and dad had done his best to protect her.

2004 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. iv. 13/6 If we can't take a cold, hard look at reality, how can we protect ourselves from terrorism?

b. transitive. Of a thing: to afford or constitute protection (from or against something); to act as a shield or safeguard. Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

c1582 in Archaeologia (1794) 11 227 No shelues of beache haue euer growne or remayned longer then they have byn shrowded and protected by the peer.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xviii. lxxiv. 330 That strong penticle protected well The knights, from all that flew and all that fell.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. v. 191 The most vigorous part protecting it selfe, and protruding the matter upon the weaker and lesse resistive side.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 243 They lie protected there, By her large Buckler, and protended Spear.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 48 These..Stones..make a kind of pavement at top to shadow and protect the Substructure.

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 128 The selenite deposited soon protects the greater part of the phospholite from the action of this acid.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1403/2 Mask,..a face protection to be worn in glass-works or foundries, to protect against radiant heat.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight vii. 96 The simplest forms of spectacles are those used merely to protect the eyes from mechanical injury or excessive light.

1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) ii. 71/1 (caption) The cowl..serves to protect the outlet against the winds.

1952 B. Conrad Matador x. 124 The bull lunged forward and socked against the mattress shield that protected the horse.

1964 Life 2 Oct. 122/1 The walls of the Apollo capsule itself, ingeniously multilayered to protect against extremes of heat and cold as well as the possible impact of micrometeorites.

2004 Nat. Health Nov. 49/1 I think it's much gentler and more beneficial to protect your skin from harmful UVA rays in order to preserve it as opposed to undertaking skin peels.

†c. transitive. To act as official or legal protector (protector n. 1) or guardian of. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1595 First Pt. Reign Richard II (1929) i. 7 They guide the nonage king; tis they protect hime.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. iii. 21 Then the King Had vertuous Vnckles to protect his Grace.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. iii. 29 I see no reason, why a King of yeeres Should be to be protected like a Child.

2. transitive. To assist or guard (a domestic industry) against foreign competition, esp. by imposing duties or quotas on foreign goods.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [verb (transitive)] > apply specific policies to

protect1778

rationalize1926

sterilize1930

reflate1932

maximize1943

overheat1956

inflation-proof1973

1778 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 IX. 181 They hope and trust the House will..protect the manufactures of this country.

1789 Deb. Congr. U.S. 9 Apr. (1834) 106 [Measures] calculated to encourage the productions of our country, and protect our infant manufactures.

1825 J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. 3 415 The various classes of manufactures are protected from foreign competition.

1827–39 T. P. Thompson Catech. Corn Laws (1839) §160 If no trade can be ‘protected’ but at the expense of some other trade first, and of the consumers a second time besides, it will be very difficult to make out a case for ‘protection’.

1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. xvii. 229 If every producer of every kind were protected, foreign trade might cease... It would be certainly futile, to protect everybody.

1911 I. M. Tarbell Tariff in Our Times 43 On all sides there was strenuous opposition to protecting one industry and not another, and yet the bill went through.

1958 Times 22 May 9 The Industrial Products Act which now protects indigenous industries.

2006 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Mar. 4 Another World Bank report..compared the fortunes of open economies..with countries that have protected their home industries from foreign competition.

a. transitive. To provide with a protective layer or covering.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover and protect

shrouda1400

fortify1607

loricate1623

protect1839

cocoon1948

mask1961

sleeve1980

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 615 When the gilder has protected the burnished points, he dries the piece.

1872 Times 7 Sept. 5/6 This combination will protect the timber with a coating of silicate of alumina that would..very considerably retard the progress of flame.

1954 C. K. Keck How to take Care of your Pictures (1965) iv. 24 Unless paintings finished mat are kept behind glass or in dirt controlled atmospheres, it is wise to..protect the surface with a thin, quickly drying dull varnish.

1995 K. McCloud Techniques of Decorating (1998) 52/2 In areas of high traffic, such as a hallway, you may wish to protect the paint with a coat of matt oil-based varnish.

b. transitive. To provide (an electrical device, machine, etc.) with safeguards against too high a current or voltage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > make safe or not dangerous > specific apparatus or machinery

protect1875

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > provide with safeguards [verb (transitive)]

protect1875

shield1970

1875 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 1 Mar. 60/2 Lightning protectors invented to protect telegraph lines.

1888 D. Salomons Managem. Accumulators (ed. 3) ii. ii. 97 Put a safety fuse in every switch and wall plug... Every lamp is protected in this way..against accidental short-circuits.

1935 I. T. Monseth & P. H. Robinson Relay Syst. xiii. 458 The first zone..is protected by an instantaneous balanced-beam impedance element.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 27 Two types of fast-blow fuses are used to protect power-tubes.

1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) vii. 111/1 A fuse is a thermal device designed primarily to protect the cables of a circuit against the flow of shortcircuit and overload currents.

c. transitive. Chemistry. To prevent the alteration or removal of (a particular group or part of a molecule) in a reaction, spec. (in synthetic chemistry) by first causing it to form an unreactive derivative from which the original structure can later be regenerated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to process affecting reaction > protect

protect1879

1879 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1 115 The entrance of a substituting group into xylene greatly affects its behavior towards chromic acid, one of the methyl group[s] being protected against oxidation, the other remaining at least comparatively unaffected.

1889 G. M'Gowan tr. A. Bernthsen Text-bk. Org. Chem. 352 When it is wished to prepare the mono-nitro-compounds, the aniline must again be ‘protected’, either by using its acetyl compound or by nitrating in presence of excess of concentrated sulphuric acid.

1929 H. H. Mitchell & T. S. Hamilton Biochem. Amino Acids i. 90 The chloracetyl group, introduced to protect the amino group of the amino acid is, after it has performed its protective function, itself transformed into an amino acid group.

1971 D. R. Williams Metals of Life ix. 134 The amide bonds in simple peptides which are usually easily hydrolysed to give amino acids again are protected by transition metal ions, the best protectors being copper (II) and nickel (II).

2003 Nature 13 Feb. p. vii Bulky substituents can protect such double bonds.

d. transitive. Chemistry. To make (a hydrophobic sol) resistant to precipitation in the presence of an electrolyte.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > colloid > colloids [verb (transitive)] > protection of a sol

protect1903

1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 i. 135 The capacity of colloidal solutions to protect a colloidal solution of gold against the precipitating action of an estimated quantity of sodium chloride is expressed as the gold number.

1909 J. Alexander tr. Zsigmondy Colloids & Ultramicroscope iii. 77 Another colloid which protects the nascent colloidal gold was discovered by Faraday, and called by him ‘jelly’.

1939 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 287/2 A quartz suspension protected by gelatine will possess the cataphoretic velocity and isoelectric point of gelatine.

1966 F. T. Gucker & R. L. Seifert Physical Chem. xxii. 665 A lyophobic sol is often stabilized by addition of a lyophilic sol, which is then termed a protective colloid. An example is gelatin, which protects the silver bromide sol used in photographic emulsions.

4. transitive. Business. To provide funds to meet (a commercial draft or bill of exchange). Cf. cover v.¹ 18. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > use bills of exchange

protest1479

retire1610

imprest1617

to take up1655

honour1664

discount1671

indulge1766

dishonour1811

cover1866

sight1866

protect1884

1884 Law Times Rep. 51 16/1 Please protect the draft as advised above and oblige drawer.

1888 Lima (Ohio) Daily Democratic Times 13 Feb. At that time the Revenue Fund State collection did not amount to enough to protect the draft.

1908 Nebraska State Jrnl. 29 Oct. 1/3 I..told him he must protect the draft and once more wipe out his indebtedness.

5. transitive. To attempt to preserve (a threatened plant or animal species) through legislation controlling collecting, hunting, etc.; to place legal restrictions on access to or exploitation of (a habitat or locality). Cf. protected adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > collection or conservation of natural specimens > [verb (transitive)] > protect or preserve

storea1300

protect1893

1893 Zoologist 17 390 If a particular species were declining, and were known to frequent a particular place, the County Council should..be called upon to protect that restricted area.

1929 Times 24 Aug. 9 Strict game laws protect animals of Swedish origin.

1969 F. N. Hepper in J. Fisher et al. Red Bk. 360/1 The need to protect plants for their own sake is becoming increasingly accepted by those in authority.

2002 Hist. Today Jan. 37/3 The Nilgiris Game and Fish Preservation Act of 1879..protected bison, sambars, ibex, jungle sheep, deer and hares, as well as a variety of birds and fish.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	protect
释义	protectv. Brit. /prəˈtɛkt/, U.S. /prəˈtɛk(t)/ Forms: late Middle English protecte, late Middle English protecte (past participle), 1500s proteckt, 1500s protect (past participle), 1500s– protect, 1600s pretect (Scottish), 1600s protecke (Scottish). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōtect-, prōtegere. Etymology: < classical Latin prōtect-, past participial stem of prōtegere to shield, cover, to protect, defend, to serve as a protection against, keep out < prō- pro- prefix¹ + tegere to cover (see tect adj.). Compare Middle French protecter (a1506), Middle French, French protéger (see protégé n.). Compare earlier protection n. 1. a. transitive. To defend or guard from danger or injury; to support or assist against hostile or inimical action; to preserve from attack, persecution, harassment, etc.; to keep safe, take care of; to extend patronage to; to shield from attack or damage. Frequently with against, from. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > of God or Christ redeOE preservea1393 protect?1435 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > act as guardian to (a child, etc.) warda1000 governc1300 protect1528–30 supervise1845 ?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 77 (MED) Rich. Wodeville..refused hym his desire..my seyde lorde off Wynchestre..afterward, in comprovyng off the seyde Refuse, protected the seyde Wodeville..ayenst the State. c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 118 (MED) Nevertheles, God is myȝti ynouȝ forto protecte and defende this, and so do he for his charite and his goodnes. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 111 Like as a doȝhter is protecte of [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. is meynteyned and defended by; L. protegitur a] the moder, and subiecte to her. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv^v Whome god almighty..protected, defended, saued, & gouerned. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xvi^v The kynges wryttes ben the thynges by whiche a man is protecte and holpen. 1584 T. Lodge Alarum against Vsurers To Sir Philip Sidney sig. Aii Whom I most humbly intreate, not onely in so iust a cause to protect me, but also in these Primordia of my studies. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 4 The Lord protect him..Iesu blesse him. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 To every man remaineth..the right of protecting himselfe. 1684 G. Della Casa New Youth's Behaviour A5 You leave a Son, who can protect his Family. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xx. 9 These bones from insult to protect. 1793 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 183 I trust that Providence protects you and your illustrious brother for some great purpose. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xi. 646 Whenever a government undertakes to protect intellectual pursuits, it will almost always protect them in the wrong place and reward the wrong men. 1894 E. Fawcett New Nero ii. 26 Music..was always an expression of..that soulless and mysterious will-to-live, which for ever creates, protects, and perpetuates. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xvii. 264 When we were only acquaintances, you let me be myself, but now you're always protecting me... I won't be protected... To shield me is an insult. 1950 Times 9 Mar. 5/3 The..official who he has alleged..intervened to protect an employee who was regarded as a bad security risk. 1979 N. Mailer Executioner's Song II. ii. ix. 637 Stephanie was her dad's delight, and dad had done his best to protect her. 2004 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. iv. 13/6 If we can't take a cold, hard look at reality, how can we protect ourselves from terrorism? b. transitive. Of a thing: to afford or constitute protection (from or against something); to act as a shield or safeguard. Also intransitive. ΚΠ c1582 in Archaeologia (1794) 11 227 No shelues of beache haue euer growne or remayned longer then they have byn shrowded and protected by the peer. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xviii. lxxiv. 330 That strong penticle protected well The knights, from all that flew and all that fell. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. v. 191 The most vigorous part protecting it selfe, and protruding the matter upon the weaker and lesse resistive side. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 243 They lie protected there, By her large Buckler, and protended Spear. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 48 These..Stones..make a kind of pavement at top to shadow and protect the Substructure. 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 128 The selenite deposited soon protects the greater part of the phospholite from the action of this acid. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1403/2 Mask,..a face protection to be worn in glass-works or foundries, to protect against radiant heat. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight vii. 96 The simplest forms of spectacles are those used merely to protect the eyes from mechanical injury or excessive light. 1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) ii. 71/1 (caption) The cowl..serves to protect the outlet against the winds. 1952 B. Conrad Matador x. 124 The bull lunged forward and socked against the mattress shield that protected the horse. 1964 Life 2 Oct. 122/1 The walls of the Apollo capsule itself, ingeniously multilayered to protect against extremes of heat and cold as well as the possible impact of micrometeorites. 2004 Nat. Health Nov. 49/1 I think it's much gentler and more beneficial to protect your skin from harmful UVA rays in order to preserve it as opposed to undertaking skin peels. †c. transitive. To act as official or legal protector (protector n. 1) or guardian of. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1595 First Pt. Reign Richard II (1929) i. 7 They guide the nonage king; tis they protect hime. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. iii. 21 Then the King Had vertuous Vnckles to protect his Grace. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. iii. 29 I see no reason, why a King of yeeres Should be to be protected like a Child. View more context for this quotation 2. transitive. To assist or guard (a domestic industry) against foreign competition, esp. by imposing duties or quotas on foreign goods. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [verb (transitive)] > apply specific policies to protect1778 rationalize1926 sterilize1930 reflate1932 maximize1943 overheat1956 inflation-proof1973 1778 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 IX. 181 They hope and trust the House will..protect the manufactures of this country. 1789 Deb. Congr. U.S. 9 Apr. (1834) 106 [Measures] calculated to encourage the productions of our country, and protect our infant manufactures. 1825 J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. 3 415 The various classes of manufactures are protected from foreign competition. 1827–39 T. P. Thompson Catech. Corn Laws (1839) §160 If no trade can be ‘protected’ but at the expense of some other trade first, and of the consumers a second time besides, it will be very difficult to make out a case for ‘protection’. 1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. xvii. 229 If every producer of every kind were protected, foreign trade might cease... It would be certainly futile, to protect everybody. 1911 I. M. Tarbell Tariff in Our Times 43 On all sides there was strenuous opposition to protecting one industry and not another, and yet the bill went through. 1958 Times 22 May 9 The Industrial Products Act which now protects indigenous industries. 2006 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Mar. 4 Another World Bank report..compared the fortunes of open economies..with countries that have protected their home industries from foreign competition. 3. a. transitive. To provide with a protective layer or covering. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover and protect shrouda1400 fortify1607 loricate1623 protect1839 cocoon1948 mask1961 sleeve1980 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 615 When the gilder has protected the burnished points, he dries the piece. 1872 Times 7 Sept. 5/6 This combination will protect the timber with a coating of silicate of alumina that would..very considerably retard the progress of flame. 1954 C. K. Keck How to take Care of your Pictures (1965) iv. 24 Unless paintings finished mat are kept behind glass or in dirt controlled atmospheres, it is wise to..protect the surface with a thin, quickly drying dull varnish. 1995 K. McCloud Techniques of Decorating (1998) 52/2 In areas of high traffic, such as a hallway, you may wish to protect the paint with a coat of matt oil-based varnish. b. transitive. To provide (an electrical device, machine, etc.) with safeguards against too high a current or voltage. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > make safe or not dangerous > specific apparatus or machinery protect1875 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > provide with safeguards [verb (transitive)] protect1875 shield1970 1875 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 1 Mar. 60/2 Lightning protectors invented to protect telegraph lines. 1888 D. Salomons Managem. Accumulators (ed. 3) ii. ii. 97 Put a safety fuse in every switch and wall plug... Every lamp is protected in this way..against accidental short-circuits. 1935 I. T. Monseth & P. H. Robinson Relay Syst. xiii. 458 The first zone..is protected by an instantaneous balanced-beam impedance element. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 27 Two types of fast-blow fuses are used to protect power-tubes. 1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) vii. 111/1 A fuse is a thermal device designed primarily to protect the cables of a circuit against the flow of shortcircuit and overload currents. c. transitive. Chemistry. To prevent the alteration or removal of (a particular group or part of a molecule) in a reaction, spec. (in synthetic chemistry) by first causing it to form an unreactive derivative from which the original structure can later be regenerated. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to process affecting reaction > protect protect1879 1879 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1 115 The entrance of a substituting group into xylene greatly affects its behavior towards chromic acid, one of the methyl group[s] being protected against oxidation, the other remaining at least comparatively unaffected. 1889 G. M'Gowan tr. A. Bernthsen Text-bk. Org. Chem. 352 When it is wished to prepare the mono-nitro-compounds, the aniline must again be ‘protected’, either by using its acetyl compound or by nitrating in presence of excess of concentrated sulphuric acid. 1929 H. H. Mitchell & T. S. Hamilton Biochem. Amino Acids i. 90 The chloracetyl group, introduced to protect the amino group of the amino acid is, after it has performed its protective function, itself transformed into an amino acid group. 1971 D. R. Williams Metals of Life ix. 134 The amide bonds in simple peptides which are usually easily hydrolysed to give amino acids again are protected by transition metal ions, the best protectors being copper (II) and nickel (II). 2003 Nature 13 Feb. p. vii Bulky substituents can protect such double bonds. d. transitive. Chemistry. To make (a hydrophobic sol) resistant to precipitation in the presence of an electrolyte. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > colloid > colloids [verb (transitive)] > protection of a sol protect1903 1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 i. 135 The capacity of colloidal solutions to protect a colloidal solution of gold against the precipitating action of an estimated quantity of sodium chloride is expressed as the gold number. 1909 J. Alexander tr. Zsigmondy Colloids & Ultramicroscope iii. 77 Another colloid which protects the nascent colloidal gold was discovered by Faraday, and called by him ‘jelly’. 1939 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 287/2 A quartz suspension protected by gelatine will possess the cataphoretic velocity and isoelectric point of gelatine. 1966 F. T. Gucker & R. L. Seifert Physical Chem. xxii. 665 A lyophobic sol is often stabilized by addition of a lyophilic sol, which is then termed a protective colloid. An example is gelatin, which protects the silver bromide sol used in photographic emulsions. 4. transitive. Business. To provide funds to meet (a commercial draft or bill of exchange). Cf. cover v.¹ 18. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > use bills of exchange protest1479 retire1610 imprest1617 to take up1655 honour1664 discount1671 indulge1766 dishonour1811 cover1866 sight1866 protect1884 1884 Law Times Rep. 51 16/1 Please protect the draft as advised above and oblige drawer. 1888 Lima (Ohio) Daily Democratic Times 13 Feb. At that time the Revenue Fund State collection did not amount to enough to protect the draft. 1908 Nebraska State Jrnl. 29 Oct. 1/3 I..told him he must protect the draft and once more wipe out his indebtedness. 5. transitive. To attempt to preserve (a threatened plant or animal species) through legislation controlling collecting, hunting, etc.; to place legal restrictions on access to or exploitation of (a habitat or locality). Cf. protected adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > collection or conservation of natural specimens > [verb (transitive)] > protect or preserve storea1300 protect1893 1893 Zoologist 17 390 If a particular species were declining, and were known to frequent a particular place, the County Council should..be called upon to protect that restricted area. 1929 Times 24 Aug. 9 Strict game laws protect animals of Swedish origin. 1969 F. N. Hepper in J. Fisher et al. Red Bk. 360/1 The need to protect plants for their own sake is becoming increasingly accepted by those in authority. 2002 Hist. Today Jan. 37/3 The Nilgiris Game and Fish Preservation Act of 1879..protected bison, sambars, ibex, jungle sheep, deer and hares, as well as a variety of birds and fish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.?1435
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