protestern.

Brit.

/prəˈtɛstə/, U.S.

/ˈproʊˌtɛstər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protest v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < protest v. + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier protestor n., protestator n.

†1. A person who makes an avowal or solemn declaration; esp. a person who makes a protestation of love. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [noun] > one who

affirmera1425

asserterc1449

protestor?1548

affirmant?1567

avoucher1570

protester1591

assertor1646

predicator1694

allegator1847

1591 A. Fraunce Countesse of Pembrokes Emanuel sig. C2 Peeter saw all this, Peeter that manly protester, Peeter styr'd not a foote.

?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse sig. ¶2 Til when, like our desperate debters, Or our three pild sweete protesters I must please you in bare letters.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 76 Were I a common Laughter, or did vse To stale with ordinary Oathes my loue To euery new Protester..then hold me dangerous.

1697 C. Gildon Rom. Brides Revenge ii. ii. 10 He's forsworn: The dear Protester now is falser grown, Than Wind, or Ocean, or the changeful Moon.

1729 E. F. Haywood Frederick i. i. 10 Those precious Moments, When at my Feet the dear Protester lay, Swearing no Charms like Adelaid's could please.

1742 S. Richardson Pamela IV. lxiii. 438 What has been the Fate of others, may be her own..; tho' she thinks it not probable from such a faithful Protester, as he appears to her to be.

a. A person who makes an objection or complaint. Frequently with against.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > [noun] > protestor

reclaimantc1600

remonstrancer1618

protester?1626

remonstrant1641

remonstrator1646

remonstranter1650

protestor1659

Protestant1853

?1626 Bp. T. Morton Grand Imposture Church of Rome 349 The Protesters against your Romish Nouelties before Luther, whom they call Albigenses, Waldenses, Wiclefians, Hussites.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 103 To annex their Religion as a codicill to an appeal of a company of Protesters against a decree at Spira.

1772 B. Franklin Let. 3 June The assembly of the province at their next meeting, expressed their disapprobation of the thing in the strongest manner, by unanimously ordering the thanks of the house to the protesters.

1794 E. Burke Rep. Lords' Jrnls. in Wks. (1842) II. 601 The reasons against the article, alleged in the protest, were by no means solely bottomed in the practice of the courts below, as if the main reliance of the protesters was upon that usage.

1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 25 May 322/2 The Grenvilles and other protesters against improper expenses.

1891 J. A. Allen Relig. Pope & Primitive Christianity 39 The protesters were many, but on the Pope's side It must be confessed.., His Holiness gains The victory here.

1921 Times 6 Dec. 15/5 A dream of a young protester against the inexorable laws of Nature and the tyranny of science.

1972 Sunday Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 30 Jan. d 1/6 An indiscreet, fast-talking and foolish protester against the iron authority of Navy tradition.

2003 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 14 Apr. 6 a/3 He..hasn't been a visible protester against slavery and genocide of the mostly black Christian population.

b. Scottish History. In plural and usually with capital initial. Originally: those Presbyterians who in 1650 protested against the union with the Royalists. In later use also: those who on later occasions formally protested against acts or decisions of the church courts.

ΚΠ

1652 Ld. Warriston Representation Divers Ministers 19 Upon Thursday, the meeting of Protesters did divide themselves in four severall Committees.

1655 S. Rutherford Covenant of Life Opened To Rdr. sig. *2^v The Author hath been..a little darkned, as report bears, with the name, I know not what, of a Protester, as one who hath deserted the Government and Discipline of the Church of God in Scotland.

1660 Douglas in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. Introd. 12 That it may be they were mistaken for some of their Brethren the Protesters, to whom..the King's Return is Matter of Terror.

1706 D. Defoe Vision 2 Protesters appear And the Jacques they adhere; And Anti-christ votes the true Church to secure.

1722 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 630 His pieces he wrote in the debate with the Protesters contain..many things as to the History of this Church.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 98 They had parted..at the time when the kingdom of Scotland was divided into Resolutioners and Protesters.

1855 Summary Principles U.P. Ch. 2 In May 1733 the Assembly refused to hear fully the reasons which the protesters had to urge.

1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 409/2 His father..belonged to the extreme Covenanting party of Protesters.

1911 P. H. Brown Hist. Scotl. II. 284 The ‘Remonstrants’ or ‘Protesters’ as they were thence forward to be called, rejected Charles as their King till he had given satisfactory evidence ‘of the reality of his profession’.

1943 J. Macleod Sc. Theol. 179 The outcome of the virtual schism of 1652 between Resolutioners and Protesters was to be seen in the laxer attitude as to Church unity.

2003 P. Little in A. Mackillop & S. Murdoch Mil. Governors & Imperial Frontier iv. 91 The Protesters..had decided to cooperate with the Cromwellian regime.

c. A person who expresses social, political, or cultural dissent from a policy or course of action; esp. a person who participates in public protests.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > militant person > protester or demonstrator

protestator1468

protester1827

demonstrant1838

demonstrationist1838

demonstrator1838

protestor1854

marcher1908

refusenik1981

1827 J. Grahame Hist. United States N. Amer. II. ii. ii. 269 The colonial authorities..were obliged to compromise the dispute with the protesters among the trained bands, and comply, to a certain extent, with their remonstrances.

1862 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 8 Feb. Petitions are pouring into the Ohio Legislature asking that immigration of runaway Negroes..may be prohibited. It is said these protesters are principally republicans.

1949 Times 17 Oct. (heading) 3/5 Protesters entertained by the Shah.

1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Jan. 3/2 Those cold-water apartments where hipsters and protesters..try to go their own way.

1976 ‘R. B. Dominic’ Murder out of Comm. v. 41 Protesters picked up some pretty strange habits during the Vietnam War.

2005 N.Y. Times Mag. 27 Mar. 16/1 The protesters chanted new words to the music of the Egyptian national anthem.

†3. A person who protests a bill or other negotiable instrument. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > state of being due for payment > refusal to pay > protest > protester

protester1703

1703 W. Forbes Methodical Treat. Bills of Exchange viii. 136 Such a person only may protest for not payment. The design thereof, being to put the Debtor in in mora solvendi, so as to infer Exchange, Re-exchange and Damages; which can never be without an Active Title in the Protester.

1739 R. Hayes Negociator's Mag. (ed. 4) 175 If a Bill is not accepted, but protested, then the Protester is obliged to give the Remitter Advice thereof, without Delay.

1849 T. De Quincey Eng. Mail-coach in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 488/2 If it is by bills at ninety days after date that you are made unhappy—if noters and protesters are the sort of wretches whose..shadows darken the house of life.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protester
释义	protestern. Brit. /prəˈtɛstə/, U.S. /ˈproʊˌtɛstər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protest v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < protest v. + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier protestor n., protestator n. †1. A person who makes an avowal or solemn declaration; esp. a person who makes a protestation of love. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [noun] > one who affirmera1425 asserterc1449 protestor?1548 affirmant?1567 avoucher1570 protester1591 assertor1646 predicator1694 allegator1847 1591 A. Fraunce Countesse of Pembrokes Emanuel sig. C2 Peeter saw all this, Peeter that manly protester, Peeter styr'd not a foote. ?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse sig. ¶2 Til when, like our desperate debters, Or our three pild sweete protesters I must please you in bare letters. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 76 Were I a common Laughter, or did vse To stale with ordinary Oathes my loue To euery new Protester..then hold me dangerous. View more context for this quotation 1697 C. Gildon Rom. Brides Revenge ii. ii. 10 He's forsworn: The dear Protester now is falser grown, Than Wind, or Ocean, or the changeful Moon. 1729 E. F. Haywood Frederick i. i. 10 Those precious Moments, When at my Feet the dear Protester lay, Swearing no Charms like Adelaid's could please. 1742 S. Richardson Pamela IV. lxiii. 438 What has been the Fate of others, may be her own..; tho' she thinks it not probable from such a faithful Protester, as he appears to her to be. 2. a. A person who makes an objection or complaint. Frequently with against. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > [noun] > protestor reclaimantc1600 remonstrancer1618 protester?1626 remonstrant1641 remonstrator1646 remonstranter1650 protestor1659 Protestant1853 ?1626 Bp. T. Morton Grand Imposture Church of Rome 349 The Protesters against your Romish Nouelties before Luther, whom they call Albigenses, Waldenses, Wiclefians, Hussites. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 103 To annex their Religion as a codicill to an appeal of a company of Protesters against a decree at Spira. 1772 B. Franklin Let. 3 June The assembly of the province at their next meeting, expressed their disapprobation of the thing in the strongest manner, by unanimously ordering the thanks of the house to the protesters. 1794 E. Burke Rep. Lords' Jrnls. in Wks. (1842) II. 601 The reasons against the article, alleged in the protest, were by no means solely bottomed in the practice of the courts below, as if the main reliance of the protesters was upon that usage. 1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 25 May 322/2 The Grenvilles and other protesters against improper expenses. 1891 J. A. Allen Relig. Pope & Primitive Christianity 39 The protesters were many, but on the Pope's side It must be confessed.., His Holiness gains The victory here. 1921 Times 6 Dec. 15/5 A dream of a young protester against the inexorable laws of Nature and the tyranny of science. 1972 Sunday Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 30 Jan. d 1/6 An indiscreet, fast-talking and foolish protester against the iron authority of Navy tradition. 2003 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 14 Apr. 6 a/3 He..hasn't been a visible protester against slavery and genocide of the mostly black Christian population. b. Scottish History. In plural and usually with capital initial. Originally: those Presbyterians who in 1650 protested against the union with the Royalists. In later use also: those who on later occasions formally protested against acts or decisions of the church courts. ΚΠ 1652 Ld. Warriston Representation Divers Ministers 19 Upon Thursday, the meeting of Protesters did divide themselves in four severall Committees. 1655 S. Rutherford Covenant of Life Opened To Rdr. sig. 2^v The Author hath been..a little darkned, as report bears, with the name, I know not what, of a Protester, as one who hath deserted the Government and Discipline of the Church of God in Scotland. 1660 Douglas in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl.* (1721) I. Introd. 12 That it may be they were mistaken for some of their Brethren the Protesters, to whom..the King's Return is Matter of Terror. 1706 D. Defoe Vision 2 Protesters appear And the Jacques they adhere; And Anti-christ votes the true Church to secure. 1722 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 630 His pieces he wrote in the debate with the Protesters contain..many things as to the History of this Church. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 98 They had parted..at the time when the kingdom of Scotland was divided into Resolutioners and Protesters. 1855 Summary Principles U.P. Ch. 2 In May 1733 the Assembly refused to hear fully the reasons which the protesters had to urge. 1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 409/2 His father..belonged to the extreme Covenanting party of Protesters. 1911 P. H. Brown Hist. Scotl. II. 284 The ‘Remonstrants’ or ‘Protesters’ as they were thence forward to be called, rejected Charles as their King till he had given satisfactory evidence ‘of the reality of his profession’. 1943 J. Macleod Sc. Theol. 179 The outcome of the virtual schism of 1652 between Resolutioners and Protesters was to be seen in the laxer attitude as to Church unity. 2003 P. Little in A. Mackillop & S. Murdoch Mil. Governors & Imperial Frontier iv. 91 The Protesters..had decided to cooperate with the Cromwellian regime. c. A person who expresses social, political, or cultural dissent from a policy or course of action; esp. a person who participates in public protests. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > militant person > protester or demonstrator protestator1468 protester1827 demonstrant1838 demonstrationist1838 demonstrator1838 protestor1854 marcher1908 refusenik1981 1827 J. Grahame Hist. United States N. Amer. II. ii. ii. 269 The colonial authorities..were obliged to compromise the dispute with the protesters among the trained bands, and comply, to a certain extent, with their remonstrances. 1862 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 8 Feb. Petitions are pouring into the Ohio Legislature asking that immigration of runaway Negroes..may be prohibited. It is said these protesters are principally republicans. 1949 Times 17 Oct. (heading) 3/5 Protesters entertained by the Shah. 1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Jan. 3/2 Those cold-water apartments where hipsters and protesters..try to go their own way. 1976 ‘R. B. Dominic’ Murder out of Comm. v. 41 Protesters picked up some pretty strange habits during the Vietnam War. 2005 N.Y. Times Mag. 27 Mar. 16/1 The protesters chanted new words to the music of the Egyptian national anthem. †3. A person who protests a bill or other negotiable instrument. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > state of being due for payment > refusal to pay > protest > protester protester1703 1703 W. Forbes Methodical Treat. Bills of Exchange viii. 136 Such a person only may protest for not payment. The design thereof, being to put the Debtor in in mora solvendi, so as to infer Exchange, Re-exchange and Damages; which can never be without an Active Title in the Protester. 1739 R. Hayes Negociator's Mag. (ed. 4) 175 If a Bill is not accepted, but protested, then the Protester is obliged to give the Remitter Advice thereof, without Delay. 1849 T. De Quincey Eng. Mail-coach in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 488/2 If it is by bills at ninety days after date that you are made unhappy—if noters and protesters are the sort of wretches whose..shadows darken the house of life. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1591
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