puddlingn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈpʌdlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpədl̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈpədlɪŋ/

Forms: see puddle v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: puddle v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < puddle v. + -ing suffix¹. With the extended use in sense 2a compare earlier piddling n. With senses 3a, 3c compare earlier puddle n. 3b. With sense 4 compare French puddlage (1826; after English).

1. Mining. The action or process of mixing gold- or opal-bearing material, etc., with water in a container, in order to separate out the precious substances. In later use chiefly Australian. Cf. puddle v. 7.In quot. c1585: the washing of lead ore.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > excavating or dressing ore > dressing ore

puddlingc1585

vanning1671

jigging1778

ore-dressing1837

mineral dressing1931

c1585 C. Avenant Rel. Order & Manner of Gettinge Lead Ewer at Mendip in Victoria Hist. Somerset (1911) II. 373/1 Into which troughes they put the said ewer..and puddele it thereto and fro with a puddling spade or shovel. After such puddelinge they cast the said ewer into an other trowgh.

1852 J. Bonwick Notes of Gold Digger 13 Good puddling makes easy and profitable cradling.

1865 Times 15 May 8/1 On the old shallow diggings puddling is the great resource, and affords a good living to a large number of men.

1931 C. B. Smith Austral. Gold Prospectors' Handbk. 19 Should the wash dirt be mixed with clay, it will require ‘puddling’ before washing in either the prospecting dish or the cradle.

1974 B. Myatt Dict. Austral. Gemstones 25 Any clay in the gravels must be washed out before panning is commenced. This is done by submerging the gold pan and rubbing the washdirt between the hands or stirring it with a flat stick. This is known as puddling.

†a. Scottish. The action of throwing or soaking someone in a puddle. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > [noun] > action or process > in a dirty or disagreeable manner

puddling1589

slabbering1611

1589–90 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 149 Also for streking of the said Johnne to the effusioun of his bluid and harling and pudling of him in ane gutter.

†b. Wandering, aimless activity. Also: confusion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > [noun] > trifling activity or time-wasting

loitering1362

triflinga1382

dalliance1567

piddling1580

baubling1608

idlement1622

concessation1623

paddling1642

sauntering1680

puddling1695

dawdle1813

dawdling1819

puttering1835

pottering1844

peddling1851

tiddlywinking1869

loiter1876

frivolling1882

potter1897

muckings1898

futzing1907

piffling1914

fucking1931

monkeying1932

muck-about1968

twatting1989

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > [noun]

indistinction1624

muddiness1645

indiscrimination1649

puddling1695

undiscerning1711

muddying1713

under-niceness1748

confusion1771

mixing1831

confounding1850

colour blindness1861

undiscriminatingness1866

muddling1873

indiscriminateness1879

unfastidiousness1881

indiscriminancy1890

lumping1903

1695 J. Drummond Let. 18 Feb. in Corr. James, Earl of Perth (1845) 52 I have been here a fortnight..although I do not very much like the place, for this puddling in a tubb continually is no charme to me.

1758 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 516 We are well after four hours' walking, wondering, and puddling.

1866 D. G. Rossetti Let. 7 Jan. in O. Doughty & J. R. Wahl Lett. Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1965) II. 587 The puddling of Keats with Buchanan is a fearful thought.

c. The action of making a puddle or puddles. Cf. puddle v. 6a.

ΚΠ

1986 V. Hearne Adam's Task iii. 67 She is not deterred by walloping as she was deterred when the matter of puddling on the rug came up.

1990 Daniel Smith: Catal. Artists' Materials July–Aug. 11/2 A full, dripping brush tends to cause puddling and mottling unless it is passed over the plaster very quickly.

1996 Trailer Boats Oct. 18/2 Some engines also have recirculation valves and circuits on the reed block that may become plugged, which allows fuel puddling.

a. The process of lining or covering something with puddle to make it watertight; (also) the dipping of plant roots into puddle to conserve moisture. Cf. puddle n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > other processes

tillering1764

puddling1773

sulphuring1891

lingering1907

1773 R. Whitworth Rep. & Surv. Canal Waltham-Abbey to Moorfields 12 I cannot forbear mentioning Mr. Brindley's valuable Discovery of making almost any Soil whatever, resist and retain Water as well as Clay. This is called Puddleing.

1796 Trans. Soc. Arts 14 238 The system of puddling in embankments made near to the sea.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 353 So to work the new layer of puddling stuff as to unite it with the stratum immediately beneath.

1881 Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 23 June What is termed puddling among nurserymen consists in dipping the roots of various plants in a mixture of earth and water.

1923 H. C. Thompson Veg. Crops ix. 83 Puddling prevents drying of the roots and also causes the soil particles to adhere to them as they are planted.

2005 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 23 Pond puddling was the task of the week for volunteers working with conservation charity Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust as they..helped to seal a new duck pond with clay.

b. The process of trampling or compacting earth so that it becomes plastic and impervious. Also: the making of puddle (puddle n. 3b). Cf. puddle v. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with clay > [noun] > specific processes

wedging1686

puddling1790

pugging1843

1790 W. Speechly Culture Vine 23 (note) This method of tempering the soil is in general practice with engineers... It is by them termed ‘puddling’ and is deemed the best expedient..to render ground waterproof.

1837 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5 320 Beds of a very argillaceous clay occasionally occur, sometimes of considerable depth and extent, and of a texture to be useful in puddling.

1843 S. Hughes Mem. James Brindley in Weale's Q. Papers Engin. 1 i. 47 Several other anecdotes which are related of Brindley arose out of his examination before committees in Parliament. It is said that when in his evidence he was making frequent use of the expression ‘puddling’,..some of the members were anxious to know what puddle really was.

1867 G. E. Waring Draining for Profit ii. 31 Another cause of the retention of water by the surface soil..is the puddling which clayey lands undergo by working them, or feeding cattle upon them, when they are wet.

1897 Gettysburg (Pa.) Compiler 28 Dec. When no puddling of the soil occurs the fall plowed land gives the best returns.

1949 L. J. Picton Nutrition & Soil vii. 130 The turned soil had been thoroughly pulverized, levelled, and worked to the consistency of mortar... This thorough puddling of the soil permits the plants to be quickly set.

1995 S. Ellis Soils & Environment vii. 207 Under wet conditions..animal trampling and associated compaction results in poaching and puddling of the soil.

2006 Mid Devon Gaz. (Nexis) 29 Aug. 8 Richard, who is very experienced in constructing with cob, showed visitors how to make the perfect mix and invited them to join in the puddling and turning of the straw, clay and water.

c. = puddle n. 3b. Frequently in clay puddling.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > [noun] > with water

loam1480

clama1555

slip1640

puddle1791

puddling1826

slop1844

pug1853

1826 M. Brunel Jrnl. 9 Sept. in R. R. Sellman Life I. K. Brunel (1971) i. 21 It was late in the evening before the loosened clay acquired the consistency of a loose puddling.

1879 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 31 Dec. The dam is usually of earth and built in the native way... No clay puddling was used, the silt..serving to render the dam finally watertight.

1940 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 19 Mar. 19/6 The experience of engineers in other countries is that clay puddling has leaked considerably.

1985 B. Marsh Inland Navigator viii. 220 An anchor should never be used on a canal as it might damage the clay puddling.

4. Metallurgy. The process of heating and stirring molten pig iron with iron oxide in a reverbatory furnace, so as to oxidize and remove carbon and other impurities and produce wrought iron. Cf. puddle v. 5. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > heating > melting > stirring molten metal

puddling1792

rabbling1852

1792 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 257 Since I described to you the process known among the workmen by the term, puddling of iron, I have several times reconsidered the explanation I attempted.

1817 Edinb. Advertiser 16 June 4/3 One of the forges is wrought by steam, the other by water..and every convenience is provided for the preliminary processes of fining and puddling.

1837 Times 25 Oct. 6/3 Iron could not be malleable unless its impurites were removed, and to effect their removal depended on the process called puddling.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 166 s.v. Silicon and phosphorus are also largely removed by puddling.

1936 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 11 Dec. 34/4 The puddling of pig iron takes out carbon. The wrought iron which results does not break under a sudden jar.

1968 J. E. Gordon New Sci. Strong Materials x. 216 Puddling, at least in any practical form, seems to be due to Henry Cort (1740–1800) who patented the process in 1784.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 26/1 Open-hearth steelmaking eventually eliminated puddling altogether.

Compounds

C1. attributive in sense 4.

puddling forge n. Now historical and rare

ΚΠ

1854 F. Overman Manuf. Iron (ed. 3) iv. 265 At Pittsburg, and at most of the Western Works, charcoal iron is exclusively used in the puddling forges.

1862 Edinb. Rev. 116 226 Cinder is the refuse of the puddling forge.

1920 Times 30 July 16/6 In the rolling mills and puddling forges throughout the Midlands iron and steel trades an advance of 35 per cent. takes place.

1974 Jrnl. Field Archeol. 1 237/2 Rolling mill, puddling forge, machine shops, and warehouses have vanished except for foundations, but a few minutes walk over any part of the site makes it evident that the ground contains a wealth of artifacts.

2000 R. B. Gordon Landscape Transformed ix. 98 By 1870 all the district's ironworks owners had abandoned their finery and puddling forges instead of adopting the new methods of making wrought iron.

puddling furnace n. Now historical and rare

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > furnaces for treating iron > puddling furnaces

finery1539

finery hearth1693

refinery1750

finery furnace1786

puddling furnace1797

forge-fire1855

boiling-furnace1875

1797 A. Brown Hist. Glasgow II. iii. i. 304 The loss is greater, as the iron separates into a number of globules, which cannot be so well applied for melting in the puddling furnace as larger lumps.

1815 D. Mushet Patent 3944 (1856) 2 Finers' iron, or metal of a quality fit for the purposes of the puddling furnace.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 334 When the cake of metal is broken into lumps of a convenient size, it is taken to the puddling furnace, where it is heated with coals, without the aid of an artificial blast.

1894 Harper's Mag. Feb. 424/2 The introduction of regular puddling-furnaces..occurred in 1816.

1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) liii. 561 The process is called puddling and is carried out in a puddling furnace.

1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 609/2 The last operational iron puddling furnace was recently removed from Bolton to the Coalbrookdale museum after no less than 100 years.

2001 Isis 92 403/1 In 1829 Curtin made his one venture into a new technique by adding a puddling furnace and rolling mill to his works.

puddling process n. Now historical and rare

ΚΠ

1798 Philos. Mag. 2 14 One of the principal operations well known by the name of the Puddling Process.

1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 333/2 At Johnstown may be seen..the puddling process.

1891 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 1 119 In 1784..Cort invented the puddling process.

1961 Times 10 June 13/1 Changes in puddling processes by the mid-1840s caused the glassy slag used by Mason to display a deep purple tinge.

1994 D. Cardwell Fontana Hist. Technol. vii. 172 As far as I know the puddling process was last operated at the Atlas Forge, in Bolton, where it was used to supply a small, highly specialized market for wrought iron.

C2.

puddling machine n. Mining (now historical) a machine for puddling wash-dirt for gold, opals, etc.

ΚΠ

1855 Illustr. Sydney News 13 Jan. 19/2 They intend to construct a large drain sufficient to contain water for three or four months and also to erect a puddling machine on the Bendigo principle.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right I. v. 134 The wash-dirt has..to be subjected to a puddling machine.

1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 62 He was going to do something bigger this time, something better than the tin dish and the cradle—he'd borrow a puddling machine he knew of.

† puddling roll n. Metallurgy Obsolete one of a pair of rollers used for shaping puddled iron into bars; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 704 Cylinders..which serve to draw out the ball, called puddling rolls, or roughing rolls.

1867 Times 20 Apr. 13/6 The forges and mills..are filled with 52 puddling furnaces and two trains of puddling rolls capable of turning out 900 tons of puddled iron per week.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Puddling Rolls, or Forge Train, the first set of rolls through which a shingled bloom is passed.

† puddling train n. Metallurgy Obsolete a series of rollers used for shaping puddled iron into bars.

ΚΠ

1874 J. A. Phillips Elem. Metall. 299 Two pairs of rolls..constitute a puddling train, one pair being used for roughing down the bloom, and the other for finishing it into a bar.

† puddling tub n. Mining Obsolete a tub in which puddling for gold, opals, etc., is carried out.

ΚΠ

1869 Times 4 Feb. 10/1 The auriferous soil should be well ‘puddled’ before cradling. A half hogshead makes a capital ‘puddling tub’.

1930 H. H. Richardson Fortunes Richard Mahony (1954) I. 11 The noise of the spades, chopping the gravel into the puddling-tubs or the Long Toms, was like the scrunch of shingle under waves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

puddlingadj.

Brit.

/ˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈpʌdlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpədl̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈpədlɪŋ/

Forms: see puddle v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: puddle v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < puddle v. + -ing suffix². In senses ‘insignificant’ and ‘lowly, humble’ probably influenced by piddling adj.

That puddles (in various senses). In early use (frequently derogatory): confused, confusing, or perturbing; muddling, insignificant; (English regional (midlands)) lowly, humble. In later use chiefly: (of liquid) collecting in puddles.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > paltry, mean, or contemptible

unworthlyc1230

wretcha1250

seely1297

vilec1320

not worth a cress (kerse)1377

the value of a rushc1380

threadbarec1412

wretched1450

miserable?a1513

rascal1519

prettya1522

not worth a whistlea1529

pegrall1535

plack1539

pelting1540

scald1542

sleeveless1551

baggage1553

paltering1553

piddling1559

twopenny1560

paltry1565

rubbish1565

baggagely1573

pelfish1577

halfpenny1579

palting1579

baubling1581

three-halfpenny1581

pitiful1582

triobolar1585

squirting1589

not worth a lousea1592

hedge1596

cheap1597

peddling1597

dribbling1600

mean1600

rascally1600

three-farthingc1600

draughty1602

dilute1605

copper1609

peltry?a1610

threepenny1613

pelsy1631

pimping1640

triobolary1644

pigwidgeon1647

dustya1649

fiddling1652

puddlinga1653

insignificant1658

piteous1667

snotty1681

scrubbed1688

dishonourable1699

scrub1711

footy1720

fouty1722

rubbishing1731

chuck-farthing1748

rubbishy1753

shabby1753

scrubby1754

poxya1758

rubbishly1777

waff-like1808

trinkety1817

meanish1831

one-eyed1843

twiddling1844

measly1847

poking1850

picayunish1852

vild1853

picayune1856

snide1859

two-cent1859

rummagy1872

faddling1883

finicking1886

slushy1889

twopence halfpenny1890

jerk1893

pissy1922

crappy1928

two-bit1932

piddly1933

chickenshit1934

pissing1937

penny packet1943

farkakte1960

pony1964

gay1978

a1653 H. Binning Wks. (1842) 613 Some have had sore distempers of conscience, and puddling exercises of terror.

1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret ii. 42 You paltry, pudling puppy.

1777 S. Lennox Life & Lett. (1901) I. 260 At a little pudling bathing place of my brother's by the sea.

1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) I. 105 Rescued..from the absurd and puddling management of its inconsistent mother.

1828 W. Scott Jrnl. 11 Mar. (1950) 504 It was four ere I got home and I had a great deal to do though of a puddling kind of work.

1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 569 Neal is not a showy, in fact, some persons call him a puddling fighter.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 141 Puddling... A person who does not pay attention to external comfort or appearance at table, ‘lives in a puddling way’.

1868 C. Mair Dreamland 111 One shaggy cloud which wept Great puddling drops upon the ground.

1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. Puddling... A person who lives in a house below his means is said to live in ‘a poor puddling place’. One who does more business than he has accommodation for, ‘does business in a puddling way’.

1989 N. Cave And Ass saw Angel iii. 243 Ah studied the monument..—the upraised sickle and the sickle brought down—the pooling shadows and the puddling blood.

2003 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch (Nexis) 19 Sept. a14 Puddling rain was creating a driving hazard in some areas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	puddling
释义	puddlingn. Brit. /ˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈpʌdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpədl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈpədlɪŋ/ Forms: see puddle v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: puddle v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < puddle v. + -ing suffix¹. With the extended use in sense 2a compare earlier piddling n. With senses 3a, 3c compare earlier puddle n. 3b. With sense 4 compare French puddlage (1826; after English). 1. Mining. The action or process of mixing gold- or opal-bearing material, etc., with water in a container, in order to separate out the precious substances. In later use chiefly Australian. Cf. puddle v. 7.In quot. c1585: the washing of lead ore. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > excavating or dressing ore > dressing ore puddlingc1585 vanning1671 jigging1778 ore-dressing1837 mineral dressing1931 c1585 C. Avenant Rel. Order & Manner of Gettinge Lead Ewer at Mendip in Victoria Hist. Somerset (1911) II. 373/1 Into which troughes they put the said ewer..and puddele it thereto and fro with a puddling spade or shovel. After such puddelinge they cast the said ewer into an other trowgh. 1852 J. Bonwick Notes of Gold Digger 13 Good puddling makes easy and profitable cradling. 1865 Times 15 May 8/1 On the old shallow diggings puddling is the great resource, and affords a good living to a large number of men. 1931 C. B. Smith Austral. Gold Prospectors' Handbk. 19 Should the wash dirt be mixed with clay, it will require ‘puddling’ before washing in either the prospecting dish or the cradle. 1974 B. Myatt Dict. Austral. Gemstones 25 Any clay in the gravels must be washed out before panning is commenced. This is done by submerging the gold pan and rubbing the washdirt between the hands or stirring it with a flat stick. This is known as puddling. 2. †a. Scottish. The action of throwing or soaking someone in a puddle. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > [noun] > action or process > in a dirty or disagreeable manner puddling1589 slabbering1611 1589–90 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 149 Also for streking of the said Johnne to the effusioun of his bluid and harling and pudling of him in ane gutter. †b. Wandering, aimless activity. Also: confusion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > [noun] > trifling activity or time-wasting loitering1362 triflinga1382 dalliance1567 piddling1580 baubling1608 idlement1622 concessation1623 paddling1642 sauntering1680 puddling1695 dawdle1813 dawdling1819 puttering1835 pottering1844 peddling1851 tiddlywinking1869 loiter1876 frivolling1882 potter1897 muckings1898 futzing1907 piffling1914 fucking1931 monkeying1932 muck-about1968 twatting1989 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > [noun] indistinction1624 muddiness1645 indiscrimination1649 puddling1695 undiscerning1711 muddying1713 under-niceness1748 confusion1771 mixing1831 confounding1850 colour blindness1861 undiscriminatingness1866 muddling1873 indiscriminateness1879 unfastidiousness1881 indiscriminancy1890 lumping1903 1695 J. Drummond Let. 18 Feb. in Corr. James, Earl of Perth (1845) 52 I have been here a fortnight..although I do not very much like the place, for this puddling in a tubb continually is no charme to me. 1758 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 516 We are well after four hours' walking, wondering, and puddling. 1866 D. G. Rossetti Let. 7 Jan. in O. Doughty & J. R. Wahl Lett. Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1965) II. 587 The puddling of Keats with Buchanan is a fearful thought. c. The action of making a puddle or puddles. Cf. puddle v. 6a. ΚΠ 1986 V. Hearne Adam's Task iii. 67 She is not deterred by walloping as she was deterred when the matter of puddling on the rug came up. 1990 Daniel Smith: Catal. Artists' Materials July–Aug. 11/2 A full, dripping brush tends to cause puddling and mottling unless it is passed over the plaster very quickly. 1996 Trailer Boats Oct. 18/2 Some engines also have recirculation valves and circuits on the reed block that may become plugged, which allows fuel puddling. 3. a. The process of lining or covering something with puddle to make it watertight; (also) the dipping of plant roots into puddle to conserve moisture. Cf. puddle n. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > other processes tillering1764 puddling1773 sulphuring1891 lingering1907 1773 R. Whitworth Rep. & Surv. Canal Waltham-Abbey to Moorfields 12 I cannot forbear mentioning Mr. Brindley's valuable Discovery of making almost any Soil whatever, resist and retain Water as well as Clay. This is called Puddleing. 1796 Trans. Soc. Arts 14 238 The system of puddling in embankments made near to the sea. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 353 So to work the new layer of puddling stuff as to unite it with the stratum immediately beneath. 1881 Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 23 June What is termed puddling among nurserymen consists in dipping the roots of various plants in a mixture of earth and water. 1923 H. C. Thompson Veg. Crops ix. 83 Puddling prevents drying of the roots and also causes the soil particles to adhere to them as they are planted. 2005 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 23 Pond puddling was the task of the week for volunteers working with conservation charity Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust as they..helped to seal a new duck pond with clay. b. The process of trampling or compacting earth so that it becomes plastic and impervious. Also: the making of puddle (puddle n. 3b). Cf. puddle v. 4a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with clay > [noun] > specific processes wedging1686 puddling1790 pugging1843 1790 W. Speechly Culture Vine 23 (note) This method of tempering the soil is in general practice with engineers... It is by them termed ‘puddling’ and is deemed the best expedient..to render ground waterproof. 1837 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5 320 Beds of a very argillaceous clay occasionally occur, sometimes of considerable depth and extent, and of a texture to be useful in puddling. 1843 S. Hughes Mem. James Brindley in Weale's Q. Papers Engin. 1 i. 47 Several other anecdotes which are related of Brindley arose out of his examination before committees in Parliament. It is said that when in his evidence he was making frequent use of the expression ‘puddling’,..some of the members were anxious to know what puddle really was. 1867 G. E. Waring Draining for Profit ii. 31 Another cause of the retention of water by the surface soil..is the puddling which clayey lands undergo by working them, or feeding cattle upon them, when they are wet. 1897 Gettysburg (Pa.) Compiler 28 Dec. When no puddling of the soil occurs the fall plowed land gives the best returns. 1949 L. J. Picton Nutrition & Soil vii. 130 The turned soil had been thoroughly pulverized, levelled, and worked to the consistency of mortar... This thorough puddling of the soil permits the plants to be quickly set. 1995 S. Ellis Soils & Environment vii. 207 Under wet conditions..animal trampling and associated compaction results in poaching and puddling of the soil. 2006 Mid Devon Gaz. (Nexis) 29 Aug. 8 Richard, who is very experienced in constructing with cob, showed visitors how to make the perfect mix and invited them to join in the puddling and turning of the straw, clay and water. c. = puddle n. 3b. Frequently in clay puddling. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > [noun] > with water loam1480 clama1555 slip1640 puddle1791 puddling1826 slop1844 pug1853 1826 M. Brunel Jrnl. 9 Sept. in R. R. Sellman Life I. K. Brunel (1971) i. 21 It was late in the evening before the loosened clay acquired the consistency of a loose puddling. 1879 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 31 Dec. The dam is usually of earth and built in the native way... No clay puddling was used, the silt..serving to render the dam finally watertight. 1940 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 19 Mar. 19/6 The experience of engineers in other countries is that clay puddling has leaked considerably. 1985 B. Marsh Inland Navigator viii. 220 An anchor should never be used on a canal as it might damage the clay puddling. 4. Metallurgy. The process of heating and stirring molten pig iron with iron oxide in a reverbatory furnace, so as to oxidize and remove carbon and other impurities and produce wrought iron. Cf. puddle v. 5. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > heating > melting > stirring molten metal puddling1792 rabbling1852 1792 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 257 Since I described to you the process known among the workmen by the term, puddling of iron, I have several times reconsidered the explanation I attempted. 1817 Edinb. Advertiser 16 June 4/3 One of the forges is wrought by steam, the other by water..and every convenience is provided for the preliminary processes of fining and puddling. 1837 Times 25 Oct. 6/3 Iron could not be malleable unless its impurites were removed, and to effect their removal depended on the process called puddling. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 166 s.v. Silicon and phosphorus are also largely removed by puddling. 1936 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 11 Dec. 34/4 The puddling of pig iron takes out carbon. The wrought iron which results does not break under a sudden jar. 1968 J. E. Gordon New Sci. Strong Materials x. 216 Puddling, at least in any practical form, seems to be due to Henry Cort (1740–1800) who patented the process in 1784. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 26/1 Open-hearth steelmaking eventually eliminated puddling altogether. Compounds C1. attributive in sense 4. puddling forge n. Now historical and rare ΚΠ 1854 F. Overman Manuf. Iron (ed. 3) iv. 265 At Pittsburg, and at most of the Western Works, charcoal iron is exclusively used in the puddling forges. 1862 Edinb. Rev. 116 226 Cinder is the refuse of the puddling forge. 1920 Times 30 July 16/6 In the rolling mills and puddling forges throughout the Midlands iron and steel trades an advance of 35 per cent. takes place. 1974 Jrnl. Field Archeol. 1 237/2 Rolling mill, puddling forge, machine shops, and warehouses have vanished except for foundations, but a few minutes walk over any part of the site makes it evident that the ground contains a wealth of artifacts. 2000 R. B. Gordon Landscape Transformed ix. 98 By 1870 all the district's ironworks owners had abandoned their finery and puddling forges instead of adopting the new methods of making wrought iron. puddling furnace n. Now historical and rare ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > furnaces for treating iron > puddling furnaces finery1539 finery hearth1693 refinery1750 finery furnace1786 puddling furnace1797 forge-fire1855 boiling-furnace1875 1797 A. Brown Hist. Glasgow II. iii. i. 304 The loss is greater, as the iron separates into a number of globules, which cannot be so well applied for melting in the puddling furnace as larger lumps. 1815 D. Mushet Patent 3944 (1856) 2 Finers' iron, or metal of a quality fit for the purposes of the puddling furnace. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 334 When the cake of metal is broken into lumps of a convenient size, it is taken to the puddling furnace, where it is heated with coals, without the aid of an artificial blast. 1894 Harper's Mag. Feb. 424/2 The introduction of regular puddling-furnaces..occurred in 1816. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) liii. 561 The process is called puddling and is carried out in a puddling furnace. 1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 609/2 The last operational iron puddling furnace was recently removed from Bolton to the Coalbrookdale museum after no less than 100 years. 2001 Isis 92 403/1 In 1829 Curtin made his one venture into a new technique by adding a puddling furnace and rolling mill to his works. puddling process n. Now historical and rare ΚΠ 1798 Philos. Mag. 2 14 One of the principal operations well known by the name of the Puddling Process. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 333/2 At Johnstown may be seen..the puddling process. 1891 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 1 119 In 1784..Cort invented the puddling process. 1961 Times 10 June 13/1 Changes in puddling processes by the mid-1840s caused the glassy slag used by Mason to display a deep purple tinge. 1994 D. Cardwell Fontana Hist. Technol. vii. 172 As far as I know the puddling process was last operated at the Atlas Forge, in Bolton, where it was used to supply a small, highly specialized market for wrought iron. C2. puddling machine n. Mining (now historical) a machine for puddling wash-dirt for gold, opals, etc. ΚΠ 1855 Illustr. Sydney News 13 Jan. 19/2 They intend to construct a large drain sufficient to contain water for three or four months and also to erect a puddling machine on the Bendigo principle. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right I. v. 134 The wash-dirt has..to be subjected to a puddling machine. 1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 62 He was going to do something bigger this time, something better than the tin dish and the cradle—he'd borrow a puddling machine he knew of. † puddling roll n. Metallurgy Obsolete one of a pair of rollers used for shaping puddled iron into bars; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 704 Cylinders..which serve to draw out the ball, called puddling rolls, or roughing rolls. 1867 Times 20 Apr. 13/6 The forges and mills..are filled with 52 puddling furnaces and two trains of puddling rolls capable of turning out 900 tons of puddled iron per week. 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Puddling Rolls, or Forge Train, the first set of rolls through which a shingled bloom is passed. † puddling train n. Metallurgy Obsolete a series of rollers used for shaping puddled iron into bars. ΚΠ 1874 J. A. Phillips Elem. Metall. 299 Two pairs of rolls..constitute a puddling train, one pair being used for roughing down the bloom, and the other for finishing it into a bar. † puddling tub n. Mining Obsolete a tub in which puddling for gold, opals, etc., is carried out. ΚΠ 1869 Times 4 Feb. 10/1 The auriferous soil should be well ‘puddled’ before cradling. A half hogshead makes a capital ‘puddling tub’. 1930 H. H. Richardson Fortunes Richard Mahony (1954) I. 11 The noise of the spades, chopping the gravel into the puddling-tubs or the Long Toms, was like the scrunch of shingle under waves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). puddlingadj. Brit. /ˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈpʌdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpədl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈpədlɪŋ/ Forms: see puddle v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: puddle v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < puddle v. + -ing suffix². In senses ‘insignificant’ and ‘lowly, humble’ probably influenced by piddling adj. That puddles (in various senses). In early use (frequently derogatory): confused, confusing, or perturbing; muddling, insignificant; (English regional (midlands)) lowly, humble. In later use chiefly: (of liquid) collecting in puddles. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > paltry, mean, or contemptible unworthlyc1230 wretcha1250 seely1297 vilec1320 not worth a cress (kerse)1377 the value of a rushc1380 threadbarec1412 wretched1450 miserable?a1513 rascal1519 prettya1522 not worth a whistlea1529 pegrall1535 plack1539 pelting1540 scald1542 sleeveless1551 baggage1553 paltering1553 piddling1559 twopenny1560 paltry1565 rubbish1565 baggagely1573 pelfish1577 halfpenny1579 palting1579 baubling1581 three-halfpenny1581 pitiful1582 triobolar1585 squirting1589 not worth a lousea1592 hedge1596 cheap1597 peddling1597 dribbling1600 mean1600 rascally1600 three-farthingc1600 draughty1602 dilute1605 copper1609 peltry?a1610 threepenny1613 pelsy1631 pimping1640 triobolary1644 pigwidgeon1647 dustya1649 fiddling1652 puddlinga1653 insignificant1658 piteous1667 snotty1681 scrubbed1688 dishonourable1699 scrub1711 footy1720 fouty1722 rubbishing1731 chuck-farthing1748 rubbishy1753 shabby1753 scrubby1754 poxya1758 rubbishly1777 waff-like1808 trinkety1817 meanish1831 one-eyed1843 twiddling1844 measly1847 poking1850 picayunish1852 vild1853 picayune1856 snide1859 two-cent1859 rummagy1872 faddling1883 finicking1886 slushy1889 twopence halfpenny1890 jerk1893 pissy1922 crappy1928 two-bit1932 piddly1933 chickenshit1934 pissing1937 penny packet1943 farkakte1960 pony1964 gay1978 a1653 H. Binning Wks. (1842) 613 Some have had sore distempers of conscience, and puddling exercises of terror. 1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret ii. 42 You paltry, pudling puppy. 1777 S. Lennox Life & Lett. (1901) I. 260 At a little pudling bathing place of my brother's by the sea. 1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) I. 105 Rescued..from the absurd and puddling management of its inconsistent mother. 1828 W. Scott Jrnl. 11 Mar. (1950) 504 It was four ere I got home and I had a great deal to do though of a puddling kind of work. 1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 569 Neal is not a showy, in fact, some persons call him a puddling fighter. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 141 Puddling... A person who does not pay attention to external comfort or appearance at table, ‘lives in a puddling way’. 1868 C. Mair Dreamland 111 One shaggy cloud which wept Great puddling drops upon the ground. 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. Puddling... A person who lives in a house below his means is said to live in ‘a poor puddling place’. One who does more business than he has accommodation for, ‘does business in a puddling way’. 1989 N. Cave And Ass saw Angel iii. 243 Ah studied the monument..—the upraised sickle and the sickle brought down—the pooling shadows and the puddling blood. 2003 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch (Nexis) 19 Sept. a14 Puddling rain was creating a driving hazard in some areas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1585adj.a1653
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