ptomainen.

Brit.

/ˈtəʊmeɪn/,

/tə(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/, U.S.

/ˈtoʊˌmeɪn/

Forms: 1800s– ptomain, 1800s– ptomaïn, 1800s– ptomaine, 1800s– ptomaïne.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian ptomaina.

Etymology: < Italian ptomaina ( F. Selmi Sulle ptomaine od alcaloidi cadaverici (1878); earlier as †potomaina (F. Selmi 1876, in Annali di chimica 62 165)), irregularly < ancient Greek πτῶμα fallen body, corpse ( < an ablaut variant of the stem of πίπτειν to fall (see ptosis n.) + -μα , suffix forming nouns) + Italian -ina -ine suffix⁵. Compare ( < Italian) French ptomaine (1879), German Ptomain (1882 or earlier). N.E.D. (1909) gives the pronunciation as (pt-, tō^u·meˌəin) /pt-/, /ˈtəʊmeɪʌɪn/ and notes, on the word's formation: ‘it is to be regretted that the full correction to ptomatine was not made at its reception into English, which would also have prevented the rise of the illiterate pronunciation (tomēⁱ·n) /təʊˈmeɪn/ like domain’.

Chemistry (now chiefly archaic and historical).

Any of a group of amines (e.g. cadaverine, putrescine, neurine) of unpleasant taste and odour, formed in putrefying animal and vegetable matter and formerly thought to cause food poisoning. Occasionally also: food poisoning attributed to ptomaines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > from putrefying matter

ptomaine1880

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alkaloids > [noun] > ptomaine

ptomaine1880

1880 Year-bk. Pharmacy 40 The identification of these alkaloidal substances, or ptomaines, is of great interest to toxicologists.

1893 Amer. Anthropologist 6 19 The same species of microbes will produce different ptomains, according to the organic substance in which they live.

1916 A. W. Bitting & K. G. Bitting Canning 188 It is doubtful whether ptomaines can occur in many fruits and most of the vegetables.

1965 S. F. Barker Elem. Logic vii. 237 When we infer from these data that the hamburgers caused the ptomaine, we are employing what Mill called the method of concomitant variation.

1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 356/1 Metchnikoff..focused attention on the possible absorption of ‘ptomaines’ from the gut, and the ensuing controversy culminated at meetings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

1986 M. Kogut tr. H. G. Schlegel Gen. Microbiol. xiv. 434 The best known of these bases (formerly called ptomaines) are cadaverine, putrescine, and agmatine.

Compounds

attributive with the sense ‘(supposedly) caused by a ptomaine or ptomaines’; esp. in ptomaine poisoning.

ΚΠ

1888 Jeffersonian (Cambridge, Ohio) 13 Dec. 3/2 Several children..are suffering from Ptomaine poisoning from eating decayed cheese.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 215 Ptomaine erythemas, due to shell-fish, etc., may present considerable resemblance to small-pox initial rashes.

1952 E. Hemingway Old Man & Sea 68 It is humiliating before others to have a diarrhoea from ptomaine poisoning or to vomit from it.

1991 Amer. Heritage Nov. 28/2 President Warren G. Harding..died in 1923 of a suspected heart attack or thrombosis following a case of ptomaine poisoning.

Derivatives

ˈptomained adj. now rare containing ptomaines; afflicted with ptomaine poisoning.

ΚΠ

1898 G. W. Steevens With Kitchener to Khartum xi. 94 We went to a Greek café and lunched on ptomained sardines.

1917 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 8 Aug. 7/2 No more the public drinking glass, with its collection of animalculae and germ protisms, turned loose upon an unsuspecting and ptomained public.

ptoˈmainic adj. now rare = ptomaic adj.

ΚΠ

1893 Science 3 Feb. 62/2 Another cause or predisposing factor besides the ptomaïnic poisoning.

1956 H. Kenner Dublin's Joyce 312 The third [parenthesis]..writhes across the path of the main sentence in an agony of ptomainic violence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ptomaine
释义	ptomainen. Brit. /ˈtəʊmeɪn/, /tə(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/, U.S. /ˈtoʊˌmeɪn/ Forms: 1800s– ptomain, 1800s– ptomaïn, 1800s– ptomaine, 1800s– ptomaïne. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian ptomaina. Etymology: < Italian ptomaina ( F. Selmi Sulle ptomaine od alcaloidi cadaverici (1878); earlier as †potomaina (F. Selmi 1876, in Annali di chimica 62 165)), irregularly < ancient Greek πτῶμα fallen body, corpse ( < an ablaut variant of the stem of πίπτειν to fall (see ptosis n.) + -μα , suffix forming nouns) + Italian -ina -ine suffix⁵. Compare ( < Italian) French ptomaine (1879), German Ptomain (1882 or earlier). N.E.D. (1909) gives the pronunciation as (pt-, tō^u·meˌəin) /pt-/, /ˈtəʊmeɪʌɪn/ and notes, on the word's formation: ‘it is to be regretted that the full correction to ptomatine was not made at its reception into English, which would also have prevented the rise of the illiterate pronunciation (tomēⁱ·n) /təʊˈmeɪn/ like domain’. Chemistry (now chiefly archaic and historical). Any of a group of amines (e.g. cadaverine, putrescine, neurine) of unpleasant taste and odour, formed in putrefying animal and vegetable matter and formerly thought to cause food poisoning. Occasionally also: food poisoning attributed to ptomaines. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > from putrefying matter ptomaine1880 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alkaloids > [noun] > ptomaine ptomaine1880 1880 Year-bk. Pharmacy 40 The identification of these alkaloidal substances, or ptomaines, is of great interest to toxicologists. 1893 Amer. Anthropologist 6 19 The same species of microbes will produce different ptomains, according to the organic substance in which they live. 1916 A. W. Bitting & K. G. Bitting Canning 188 It is doubtful whether ptomaines can occur in many fruits and most of the vegetables. 1965 S. F. Barker Elem. Logic vii. 237 When we infer from these data that the hamburgers caused the ptomaine, we are employing what Mill called the method of concomitant variation. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 356/1 Metchnikoff..focused attention on the possible absorption of ‘ptomaines’ from the gut, and the ensuing controversy culminated at meetings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1986 M. Kogut tr. H. G. Schlegel Gen. Microbiol. xiv. 434 The best known of these bases (formerly called ptomaines) are cadaverine, putrescine, and agmatine. Compounds attributive with the sense ‘(supposedly) caused by a ptomaine or ptomaines’; esp. in ptomaine poisoning. ΚΠ 1888 Jeffersonian (Cambridge, Ohio) 13 Dec. 3/2 Several children..are suffering from Ptomaine poisoning from eating decayed cheese. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 215 Ptomaine erythemas, due to shell-fish, etc., may present considerable resemblance to small-pox initial rashes. 1952 E. Hemingway Old Man & Sea 68 It is humiliating before others to have a diarrhoea from ptomaine poisoning or to vomit from it. 1991 Amer. Heritage Nov. 28/2 President Warren G. Harding..died in 1923 of a suspected heart attack or thrombosis following a case of ptomaine poisoning. Derivatives ˈptomained adj. now rare containing ptomaines; afflicted with ptomaine poisoning. ΚΠ 1898 G. W. Steevens With Kitchener to Khartum xi. 94 We went to a Greek café and lunched on ptomained sardines. 1917 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 8 Aug. 7/2 No more the public drinking glass, with its collection of animalculae and germ protisms, turned loose upon an unsuspecting and ptomained public. ptoˈmainic adj. now rare = ptomaic adj. ΚΠ 1893 Science 3 Feb. 62/2 Another cause or predisposing factor besides the ptomaïnic poisoning. 1956 H. Kenner Dublin's Joyce 312 The third [parenthesis]..writhes across the path of the main sentence in an agony of ptomainic violence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1880
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