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proudadj.n.adv. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French prod, prud, prou, preu. Etymology: < Old French prod, pro, pros, prot, proz, also prud, pru, etc., prou, etc., preu, etc., courageous, valiant, good, noble, just, prudent, wise, profitable, advantageous (c1100 as proz , although the Old English borrowing points to much earlier currency at least in some dialects of Old French (see note below); French preux ) < post-classical Latin prode (neuter) profitable, advantageous, useful (Vetus Latina) < classical Latin prōdesse to be of value, be good (arising from a reinterpretation of prōdest it is of value, as prōde est , after e.g. necesse est it is necessary, utile est it is useful) < prōd- , form of prō before a vowel ( < prō pro prep. + -de , postposed particle < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek -δε : see to prep.) + esse to be (see be v.). Compare Old Occitan prod (mid 11th cent.), pro , pros , Catalan prou (14th cent.), Italian prode (first half of the 13th cent.). Compare also (either < English or, in view of the meaning, directly < Old French) Old Icelandic prúðr fine, magnificent, stately (in compounds perhaps also gallant, brave), Old Swedish prudher (Swedish prud ) magnificent, grand, splendid, good, Old Danish prud (Danish prud ) splendid, good, fair, expert. Compare later prew adj., prow adj. Compare also pride n.1The borrowing must have been from an Old French form which showed levelling of ou (itself arising from diphthongization of the reflex of classical Latin ō ) to u . This would point to an origin in a Western variety, or in Picard or Walloon. The retention of the final dental points to an early borrowing (although in Anglo-Norman there are some survivals as late as the early 12th cent.); in particular, forms with -d rather than -t point to a very early borrowing, or perhaps to the influence of the written rather than the spoken form of the Old French word (although this would seem unlikely at so early a date). Influence from the post-classical Latin word seems unlikely, as its attested meanings are even further from those of the Old English word than are those of the Old French word. Unlike the Old French word (along with the Romance and North Germanic parallels cited above), the English word is attested earliest in a negative sense (this is the usual sense in Old English, frequently in religious use, equivalent to post-classical Latin superbus : see superb adj.); the earliest attestation in a positive sense is of the derivative proudly adv. in Byrhtferð's Enchiridion, composed in the early 11th cent. (see quots. OE1, OE2 at proudly adv. 1b). Senses A. 5 and A. 6 are closest to the sense of the Old French word (and of the Romance and North Germanic parallels). With sense A. 6e compare earlier proud flesh n. Also attested early as a personal name, byname, and surname: Prud (early 11th cent.), Tofig Pruda (a1035), Orgar le Prude (1125), Richard Prude (1185), Walterus le Prude (1232), Willelmus le Protte (1247–8), etc., although it is uncertain whether the post-Conquest examples reflect the Anglo-Norman or the English word. A. adj. I. Feeling, indicating, or proceeding from pride (in both positive and negative senses). 1. the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) i. 173 Ælc prut man is fule unwyrð urum drihtene, and swa hwylcne swa þu modigne gesehst, butan tweon se is deofles bearn. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) x. 195 Gif þonne se gatwerd beo gemet ungehyrsum oððe prut [L. proteruus], styre man him ealswa oðerum wicnerum. lOE (Domitian A.viii) anno 1006 Ðar mihten geseon Winceastre leode prutne [OE Tiber. B.i rancne] here & uneargne, þæt hi be heora gate to sæ eodan & mete & madmas ofer l mila fram sæ fetton. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 5 Ne beo þu, þereuore, prud ne wilde. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 980 in C. Horstmann (1887) 134 [He] is prouȝt and conteckor. 1340 (1866) 19 (MED) Of zuiche vices byeþ uolle þe greate proude men. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 166 (MED) I can nouȝt for to chide, Ne to depraue þi persone wiþ a proud herte. a1425 (Lansd.) (1902) 20 (MED) Sain benet cumandis, yef priuresse be prudde, þat man sal do sua wid hir. 1484 W. Caxton tr. iv. xx None ought to be prowd ageynst his lord, but ought to humble hym self toward hym. 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Fii Some be as proude as Nabugodonosor. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cxix They are as bragge and as proude as pecockes. 1613 E. Hoby 54 Hee was a proud insolent Delegate. 1711 J. Swift 20 Nov. (1948) II. 417 Lord Strafford is as proud as hell. 1782 F. Burney V. ix. vi. 120 They say he's as proud as Lucifer. 1785 W. Cowper vi. 96 Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. 1821 Ld. Byron (2nd issue) ii. i. 45 The vile are only vain; the great are proud. 1841 W. Spalding II. 16 Claims not less arrogant than those of the proudest popes in the middle ages. 1879 B. Campbell Galley Slave ii. i, in (1941) xix. 109 What a confounded dull old place Rome is! Not a girl worth looking at except Nichette, Miss Blaine's French maid, and she's as proud as a duchess. 1908 G. K. Chesterton i. 22 And it is always the humble man who talks too much; the proud man watches himself too closely. 1960 C. Day Lewis i. 17 Proud and poor, the Anglo-Irish exalted their snobbery into a tribal mystique. 1992 No. 75. 27/2 There were others who were very proud and if they had been given a gift to cure a sick person they would keep it themselves. the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > proud of or taking pride in c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) 405 in C. Horstmann (1887) 13 (MED) Ane partie of þe swete croiz..he tok with him..Of þat treo he was wel prout. ?c1335 in W. Heuser (1904) 90 (MED) Þi fleisse nis naȝte bot worme is meisse; Of such a þing whi ert þou prute? ?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif (1880) 4 (MED) Þei bynden hem self..to moste mekenesse after crist..and ȝit ben most proude of worldly goodes. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 154 (MED) Haue knowynge of thy-Selfe, and be not Prute of so hey vyrchipp. ?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola sig. e.ii If thou hast not receiued hit: whi art thou prowde therof as though thou haddest not receiued it. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ix. 72 Iden farewell, and be proud of thy victory. View more context for this quotation c1616 R. C. (1871) iii. 959 Most of our women are extreamly proud Of their faire lookes. 1634 T. Herbert 20 They curle their haire and are proud of it. 1707 J. Norris vii. 317 If a man were to be proud of anything, it should be what the angels were proud of,..their intellectual endowments. 1747 S. Richardson I. xl. 268 None but the prosperous upstart, mushroom'd into rank..was arrogantly proud of it. 1809 S. T. Coleridge 26 Oct. 161 I should be more inclined to be ashamed than proud of myself, if they had. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ I. i. ii. 30 An ornament of which she was much prouder than of her red cheeks. 1921 A. L. Simon vii. 86 All Clarets which have a claim to..excellence are too proud of their birthright not to go into the world under their own name—the name of the estate or chateau whence they came. 1988 G. Sayer xvi. 187 In the past, he had been far too proud of his logical ability. Now he was humbled. 1592 R. Greene sig. D2 v I began to waxe passion-proud. 1614 J. Sylvester 197 Thou couldst not cleanse These Sin-proud shining Halls. 1675 2 Growing Belly-proud, and Prodigal. 1786 R. Burns Holy Fair x, in 45 On this hand sits an Elect swatch, Wi' screw'd-up, grace-proud faces. 1847 R. W. Emerson 39 Earth-proud, proud of the earth which is not theirs. 1863 W. C. Baldwin viii. 354 I could make four or five spans of..good and well-matched oxen..and I am now becoming a little ox-proud. 1904 27 Oct. 4/4 No one can prevent the woman who is jewel-proud..from bedecking herself with gems on every possible and a few impossible occasions. 1992 Aug. 16A/3 I live in a not very possession-proud place. It is a one-Mercedes town. 2. the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > proceeding from or indicating pride c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 102 Her imong beoð..monie & prude wordes wið warinesses & bileasunges. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) 3830 Þis ihærden segge Iulius..þat heo speken of þrætte & of prute ibeote. c1375 G. Chaucer 3770 Rede the proude wordes that he seyde. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3919 (MED) Þi proude wordis..a-gaste me riȝt nouȝt. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in f. 52 (MED) He þat is coler is of a litil fourme and..hise maners ben proude; he is liȝt & vnstidefast. 1535 Prov. vi. B There be sixe thinges, which the Lorde hateth... A proude loke, a dyssemblynge tonge [etc.]. 1616 in D. Masson (1891) 1st Ser. X. 657 The lordis..hes resolvit no langer to oversee this proud contempt. 1645 J. Winthrop 2 By..harbouring and withholding several Pequot-captives fled from the English, and making proud & insolent returnes, when they were redemanded. 1701 Acct. Life in T. Stanley (ed. 3) sig. c This Philosophy [sc. the Stoic] has..charmed a World of People by its Proud and Ostentatious Principles. 1790 W. Cowper 110 Higher far my proud pretensions rise—The son of parents pass'd into the skies. 1853 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer II. xxvii. 311 The Indians, like the Greenlanders, look down upon the white race with proud contempt. 1881 F. W. H. Myers 13 A picture..of hardy English youth,—its proud self-sufficingness and careless independence of all human things. 1932 A. Huxley vii. 136 His voice suddenly took on a new resonance, he turned with a proud squaring of the shoulders, a proud, defiant lifting of the chin. 1974 D. M. Jones 65 The men of proud spirit and the men of mean spirit, the named and the unnamed of the Island. 2000 6 Apr. f1/1 The perfectly groomed streets of the city..also bore witness to a proud attachment to a resplendent past. the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > causing or affording pride a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xix. 8 Thai ere on heghe, and has thaire delite in proude honurs and vayn. a1577 G. Gascoigne Posies in (1587) 304 Not one of these rebuketh avarice And yet procureth prowd pluralities. 1609 W. Shakespeare xxv. sig. C2 Let those..Of publike honour and proud titles bost. View more context for this quotation 1746 J. Hervey 37 Where is Honour, with her proud Trophies of Renown? 1833 C. Lamb Ellistoniana in 42 One proud day to me he took his roast mutton with us in the Temple. 1868 E. A. Freeman II. vii. 44 The proud inheritance of their stainless loyalty. 1930 J. M. Ritchie vii. 126 Braille has reached the proud position of being the one and only system now in use. 1963 X. Herbert 2 It was a proud title, distinguishing those qualified to hold it from the local born. 1996 Sept. 12/2 Brookes currently holds the proud position of joint best of the new universities, according to The Times Universities League Table. the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > proud of or taking pride in the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [adjective] > sensible of honour the mind > emotion > pleasure > [adjective] > pleased or filled with pleasure > pleased at something > at some fact or achievement ?a1300 (Bodl.) (1916) 188 (MED) Nou Putifar ssrudeþ Iosep mid dereworþe ssroud & ȝiueþ him Pharaon, þe king; mid him he is proud. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 1414 Wið gold and siluer and wið srud Ðis sonde made ðe mayden prud. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 59 (MED) Pacience was proude of þat propre seruice And made hym muirth with his mete. c1400 (?c1390) (1940) l. 1277 (MED) I am proude of þe prys þat ȝe put on me. c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne 115 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale (1930) 863 (MED) An hynde kome fro þe woode..The heremyte prowde was þerof and putte hem to sowke. c1540 (?a1400) 262 Pelleus of the proffer was proude at his hert. 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. iii. 189 Faire coosen, you debase your princely knee, To make the base earth proud with kissing it. View more context for this quotation 1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in Pref. sig. b2v The Author of the Plain Dealer, whom I am proud to call my Friend. 1752 G. G. Beekman Let. 21 Jan. in (1956) I. 137 We Shall have the Advantage in our turn When Shall be proud to Execute any order you and your friends Shall Send me. a1796 R. Burns (1968) I. 321 He'll be a credit till us a'; We'll a' be proud o' Robin. 1825 ‘B. Truck’ Man-of-war's-man in Dec. 703/1 ‘I'll be hanged, boys,’ cried..the gunner's mate, ‘but the skipper's gone a-shore to-day as proud's he'd got a pea in his ——.’ 1842 F. Marryat I. xvii. 268 That's the way to go to a parent's heart: make him feel proud of you. 1874 T. Hardy I. xxiii. 264 Yes, I'm proud to say, neighbours, that he's stole nothing at all. 1885 R. Holland (1886) 270 I'm sure I'm very proud to see you. 1902 Ld. Kitchener in 30 July 5/1 This..will, I am sure, be well understood by the Army I have been so proud to command. 1938 M. K. Rawlings xv. 163 I'd be proud to eat breakfast before I go. 1973 C. McCarthy 112 Be proud you wasn't like old man Parton up here got burned down in his bed that time. 1996 E. Lovelace xi. 214 She was out of her league, but it was a nice try, a lovely try. It made him proud of her. 1999 H. Redknapp & D. McGovern (new ed.) xiii. 188 That's not just proud father-in-law speak. I thought Eternal were great, and I still think that about Louise now that she's a solo artist. 2004 4 Sept. (Midlands ed.) 138/3 I do feel quite proud that I've been part of a movement that introduced a Northern Ireland accent to the ears over here where it wasn't necessarily about political baggage. the mind > emotion > pride > proper pride or self-respect > [adjective] 1738 A. Pope 13 A. You're strangely proud. B. So proud, I am no Slave: So impudent, I own myself no Knave. a1771 T. Gray Sketch in (1775) 264 1 Too poor for a bribe, and too proud to importune. 1828 T. Carlyle Burns in Dec. 307 Many a poet has been poorer than Burns; but no one was ever prouder. 1867 ‘Ouida’ 2 She was too proud to cheapen herself with coquetry. 1920 D. H. Lawrence xvii. 238 The majority..were much too proud to ask for anything, much too independent to come knocking at his door. 2000 D. Adebayo (2001) v. 100 I considered seeking temporary refuge by a friend's, but I am a proud man and there might not yet be cause for it. II. Extended uses. 5. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [adjective] a1275 (?c1200) (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 70 Herles prude & cnites egleche. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 10413 Þenne beoð þer forcuðest deoren alre pruttest [c1300 protest]. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 284 (MED) Selde she spaak, and nouȝth loude, And so don wymmen þat ben proude. c1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer 144 Arcite..saw another lady, proud and newe. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Royal) iv. viii. 1148 Donald-Erchsone-Heggeboud King wes xiiii. winter provd. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 50 Nature neuer framde a womans hart, Of prowder stuffe then that of Beatrice. View more context for this quotation 1743 R. Blair 9 Proud Royalty! how alter'd in thy Looks? 1805 W. Scott vi. i. 162 High though his titles, proud his name, Boundless his wealth as wish can claim. 1821 Ld. Byron (2nd issue) v. i. 149 When the proud name on which they pinnacled Their hopes is breathed on. 1861 Jan. 22/1 She knows that a farmer's home has nurtured the proudest names upon the pages of the history of the country. 1958 H. T. Wade-Grey 104 The old Noble Order had sought once to extrude the new rich from partnership in government. One house of tarnished nobility, the accursed Alkmeonid, had turned renegade and led the opposition. Now the proud name is used by the men under his standard. the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > magnificent a1300 in C. Brown (1932) 2 (MED) Inne mete & inne drinke ic habbe ibeo ouerdede, & inne wel sittende schon in pruttere iwede. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 4212 (MED) Norham was..A prout cite and strong and kene. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 3249 (MED) Ring and broche war selli prude. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 1660 (MED) Þan partis he to þa prelatis many proude giftis. 1530 J. Palsgrave 321/2 Prowde or stately, fier. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. M3v, in (rev. ed.) Metaphora..as if we should say..corne by the stately length and weightie eare it caryeth, to be proud. 1602 J. Marston iii. ii. sig. E4 Tis not yet prowde day: The neat gay mist[r]es of the light's not vp. 1678 A. Wood (1892) II. 410 The ruins..do shew that it hath been a verie statelie and proud fabrick. 1757 J. Dyer ii. 64 To Agra, the proud throne Of India's worshipp'd prince, whose lust is law. 1794 A. Radcliffe II. ii. 47 And through the waters view on high The proud ships sail, and gay clouds move. 1840 C. Thirlwall (new ed.) III. ix. 99 Ecbatana..one of the proudest cities of the ancient world. 1870 B. Disraeli (new ed.) lxix. 369 The proud palaces of Rome, their corniced and balconied fronts. 1934 E. St V. Millay 38 To glimpse a tree so tall and proud It sheds its leaves upon a cloud? 2005 (Nexis) 21 Mar. 5 b The Marine flags and American stars and stripes made a proud sight. c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 705 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 170 Persawand prowd sawoure þare of sottyne [= sodden] flesche. 6. Characterized by great vigour, force, or vitality, such as indicates or suggests pride. the mind > emotion > courage > valour > warlike valour > [adjective] c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 11520 Cnihtes he hafede, prute and græte on heore mode. c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 57 (MED) To marke þe king þai went Wiþ kniȝtes proude in pres. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 1177 (MED) He pursued into Palastyn wyth proude men mony. a1500 (?c1400) (1880) 141 (MED) Olyuer and Roger..be proud in pres & well preuyd knyghtis. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. ccl. 371 The ii squiers within were right hardy and prowde. ?1591 T. Coningsby Jrnl. Siege Rouen (Harl. 288) 58 in (1847) I Thus have you the most prowd sally that any capten here can tell of to their memorie. 1723 T. Newcomb ii. 50 I know thy Sword, proud Warrior. 1791 E. Davies 191 Many a proud warrior did my hero quell. 1906 C. M. Doughty IV. xiv. 110 Proud warriors those of mountuous Venedot. the world > animals > by nature > [adjective] > lively the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > [adjective] > spirited (of animals) c1300 (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 25 Þow þat were woned to ride Heyȝe on horse..As a lyun fers and proud, Ȝwere is al þi michele pride? a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 283v Þe mare is proude and haþ ioye of hire mane and is sory whan it is y-schore. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate (1901) 3714 Bestys that be proude, As boors, lippardys, and lyouns. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xix. 8 We..dredis to sitt on proude horsis that will stumbill and gere vs breke oure neke. 1543 ( (1812) 86 (MED) Rodrike..by sea came fro Sythy, As proude and bryme as lyon Marmerike. 1594 W. Shakespeare ii. ii. 21 I haue Dogges my Lord, Will rouze the prowdest Panther in the Chase. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton iv. 858 The Fiend repli'd not,..But like a proud Steed reind, went hautie on, Chaumping his iron curb. View more context for this quotation 1780 W. Cowper 523 Give me the line that ploughs its stately course Like a proud swan, conquering the stream by force. 1859 N. P. Willis 351 The autumn, my proud colt began to step lame. 1903 B. Kirkby in IV. 632/1 [W. Yks. Of a horse] It's that prahd it hardly knows hah ta walk. 1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat iv. 106 The ox of Les Tripettes, a proud beast surrounded by cowherds from the Camargue, whence it has been brought with all due solemnity. the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [adjective] > swelling 1535 Job xxxviii. 11 Here shalt thou laye downe thy proude and hye wawes. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 91 Which, falling in the land, Hath euery pelting riuer made so proude, That they haue ouerborne their Continents. View more context for this quotation 1611 Psalms cxxiv. 5 Then the proud waters had gone ouer our soule. View more context for this quotation 1657 in 7 25 The winde cominge..against us, beinge a prowd sea, the bot was driuen upon a rocke. 1770 Session Papers in (1968) VII. (at cited word) What he judged to be the reason of the water's running so proud? 1828 P. Buchan I. 247 The wind was loud, the stream was proud, And wi' the stream gaed Willie. 1894 1 Dec. 838/1 In the big rivers of upper Sweden and Norway, the grayling lives in the turmoil and ‘proud’ water. the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > [adjective] > swelling, rising, or impregnating (of sap) the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > protuberance or lump > [adjective] > protuberant or swollen 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. iv. 60 As we..wound the barke, the skinne of our fruit trees, Lest being ouer prowd in sap and bloud, With too much riches it confound it selfe. 1623 W. Lawson (ed. 2) vii. 19 Proud sap vniuersally stayed by remouall, euer hinders; often taints, and so presently, or in very short time kils. 1664 J. Evelyn 32 About the beginning of March (when the buds begin to be proud and turgid). 1764 (1765) 3 xxxiv. 152 Ten acres of wheat, which, after Christmas, seemed proud. 1787 G. Colman Fable of Trees in II. 299 With envy ev'ry fibre swell'd, While in them the proud sap rebell'd. 1825 J. T. Brockett Proud, luxuriant. ‘Corn's varra proud.’ 1844 H. Stephens II. 515 If the winter has been open and mild, the autumn-wheat plant will have grown luxuriantly,..so..that it may have become proud, that is, in a precocious state of forwardness for the season. 1898 G. Miller (at cited word) That wheat be too proud, master, it ull disapint you at harvest, I be afeared on. 1970 1 Oct. 856/1 Your case is the same as that of the farmer who sows his winter wheat too early; by the time the cold weather arrives the crop is ‘proud’—too lush and forward. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [adjective] the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > proud flesh or granulation 1607 E. Topsell 280 Vsed by Phisitians for taking downe of proud swelling wounds. 7. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [adjective] > relating to mating > in specific reproductive phase 1575 G. Gascoigne vii. 17 A fayre Bitch..the whiche you may make to goe proude in this wyse. 1590 T. Cokayne B iij b A Brach is..nine daies full proude. 1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes 17 To take them [sc. wild elephants]..they make vse of a female, when shee goeth proud, in her heate [etc.]. 1686 R. Blome iii. iii. 69/2 You should be very careful to get good Dogs, for your Bitches at their first growing Proud. 1727 R. Bradley (Dublin ed.) at Bitch Make Broth thereof and of this give her some twice or thrice, and she will infallibly grow proud. 1791 H. L. Piozzi Diary 9 Sept. in (1942) II. 814 My little favourite Spaniel Phillis went proud. 1899 B. W. Green 289 Proud, to be excited by sexual desire: as, a proud bitch. a1908 H. C. Hart MS Coll. Ulster Words in M. Traynor (1953) 220/1 Proud,..of a bitch: maris appetens. 1982 393/2 Proud, of a bitch, in heat [citing field research by D. Bartlett of Green Bay in 1973]. the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [adjective] > sexually excited society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] 1590 E. Spenser i. x. sig. I8v In ashes and sackcloth he did array His daintie corse, proud humors to abate. 1594 W. Shakespeare sig. F2 The flesh being proud, Desire doth fight with grace. View more context for this quotation a1629 W. Hinde (1641) vii. 27 Who having made their flesh proud by pampering, do now..cast off all feare of God. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [adjective] a1800 S. Pegge (1814) Proud, large. North. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. Proud, applied to a projection in a hay-stack, during the act of rearing it, whence it needs dressing in a particular quarter. 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) (at cited word) That joint's to proud. 1857 P. M. Colquhoun 13 It has been the custom to fill oars very square, to make them row proud; but there are few men capable of enduring proud oars for any length of time..not rowing the stroke out is attributable to these proud fillings. 1886 R. E. G. Cole (at cited word) The board's a bit too proud, it wants spoke-shaving off. 1960 R. C. Bell vii. 172 The inlay pieces..were fitted into them [sc. recesses], leaving an excess standing proud. 1974 July–Aug. 18/2 The horn push, sited right across the central spoke of the steering wheel, is well proud of the spoke and this gives rise to occasional, accidental blasts. 1990 Mar. 63/3 Thin slivers of leaf can be..glued into the hole with a cocktail stick wedge standing proud to act as the main stalk. B. n. 1. the mind > emotion > pride > [noun] > proud person society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > person of OE Glosses to Colloquies of Ælfric Bata (St. John's Oxf. 154) in A. S. Napier (1900) 226/2 Arrogantes : modig[e] uel prud [e] . OE tr. Defensor (1969) xvii. 167 Anima superbi derelinquitur a deo : sawl prutes byð forlæten fram gode. c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 169 Hwa se ȝelpeð of his god as doð i schrift þeos prude, hwet neod is ham to helpe? c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. 43 (MED) In middes on a Mountayne, at Midmorwe tyde, Was piht vp a Pauilon, A Proud for þe nones. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer i. 214 How often falleth al the effect contraire Of surquidrie and foul presumpcioun; For kaught is proud, and kaught is debonaire. c1540 (?a1400) 13696 Pirrus with that proude presit to þe temple, Weddit þat worthi, & as wif held. a1586 in J. Pinkerton (1786) 190 He luifit that prowde in paramouris. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) II. 24 Wes neuir proud of sic auctoritie Moir wirschip wan. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Duodecim Abusivis (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 113 Drihten widset þan prudan and ȝeueð þan edmeodan streinþe, þet al middel eard beo him ibuhsum. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 143 (MED) Þe niðfulle, þe prude, þe fordrunkene..sculen beon iwarpen ine eche pine wiþ-uten alesinge and wið-uten milce. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham (1902) 104 God wyþ-stondeþ hym þat chyt..Ase he wyþ-stent þe prouden. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 2805 (MED) He nolde hem ȝiue restynge, Ne trewes for no biddynge, Ne þe proude of þat cite, And ful of vche iniquitee, Raunsoun nolden ȝiuen ne bede. a1500 (Rawl.) (1896) 141 (MED) Whan thay Such thynge did to good men and meke, Wel wors thay wolde do to the Prute [a1525 Trin. Dub. prouth] and the vnbuxum. 1535 Psalms xvii. 27 Thou shalt..bringe downe the hye lokes of the proude. 1628 O. Felltham lxxx. 230 The blazings of the proud will goe out in a stench and smoke. 1748 T. Gray Ode in R. Dodsley II. 267 How low, how indigent the proud. 1854 C. Rossetti (1904) 180/1 In the grave will be no space For the purple of the proud. 1919 29 342 It is to be hoped that the pacifists..who counted on the efficacy of non-resistance in touching the hearts of the predatory and the proud..have learned their lesson. 1993 31 Jan. 7/1 I obviously did not have the right stuff to be among the few, the proud and the blue. the mind > emotion > pride > [noun] a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 4 All þat is in þe wordle oþer it is fals couetise of flesch, or fals couetise of yen, or prowde of lif. C. adv.the mind > emotion > pride > [adverb] the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [adverb] c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Micah ii. 3 Ȝe shuln not walke proude, for the warst tyme is. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 28515 (MED) Lucheri has don me scrud Me-self, and bere my bodi prud. a1450 (1969) l. 1792 Heyl, prinse, proude prekyd in palle! a1535 T. More Treat. Passion in (1557) 1272/2 Men maye call hym a foole that beareth hymselfe prowde, because he ietteth about in a borowed gown. 1857 P. M. Colquhoun 13 It has been the custom to fill oars very square, to make them row proud. Phrasesthe mind > emotion > pride > be proud [verb (intransitive)] > behave proudly a1500 (c1400) (Adv.) (1843) 486 (MED) This hogy best..His sette to swolo couetows men That in erthe makyght hit prowd and towghe. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 375 (MED) She can make it full prowde with iapes and with gynnes. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] 1819 (ed. 2) I. 220 ‘You do me proud,’ said the general. 1884 22 Aug. The people of Milnor have done themselves proud in building a school house. 1899 1 June 6/4 The sun did himself proud... For once the tents were not actually crammed throughout the afternoon. 1938 E. Waugh 34 You go to a restaurant and do yourself proud, best of everything. 1948 C. Rice xxx. 248 That new Finchley suit really did him proud. 1986 O. Clark 26 Oct. (1998) 198 Lunch at Pauline's. She did me proud—a half-bottle of champagne and a delicious meal. 2001 J. Diamond (new ed.) i. 19 The National Health Service did him proud: the ambulance turned up quickly, the emergency team did all the right things, the medical staff looked after him well. Compounds C1. Parasynthetic compounds of the adjective. See also proud-hearted adj.1951 W. H. Auden 63 When the proud-arsed broad-shouldered break and run. 2001 A. Sillitoe in 31 Mar. 10 Every proud-arsed bullshitting bowler-hatted toffee-nosed publisher..had turned lily-white thumbs down on everything he wrote. 1872 13 Dec. There is an old bachelor at the Fifth Avenue Hotel... He's a proud blooded fellow. 1992 P. C. Doherty vii. 105 He was listening to the sounds of his army gathering..the neighing and whinnying of the proud-blooded warhorses. 1759 W. Mason 84 Proud-crested soldier! 1876 W. Thornbury 176 They leap up high, and curvet with the proud-crested neck of a war-horse. 1944 E. Blunden 57 And look, those birds with perfect ease, Proud-crested. 2002 (Nexis) 5 June Modern women, now as proud-crested as men, don't want to be told how they should feel or act. 1948 C. Day Lewis 88 Palpable calm, visible reticence, Proud-lidded water. 1842 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ II. ii. 25 Mark Antony shone in Gold behind six proud-necked bitchampers. 1934 T. S. Eliot ii. 75 Yet they walk in the street proudnecked, like thoroughbreds ready for races. 2000 (Nexis) 1 July 12 I was greeted by a wrinkle-nosed rabbit..and a proud-necked white goose as I wound my way to the farm. a1593 C. Marlowe (1616) sig. D4 On a proud-pac'd Steed, as swift as thought. 1878 T. C. Irwin 239 Chariot along the winding river's banks At sunset, their proud-paced, snowy steeds. 1835 E. S. Wortley 12 There were proud pillared halls, and broad terraces fair, And great galleries lofty and wide. 1787 T. Swift iii. 71 Now the proud-plumed Amazon drew near. 1833 A. Domett 21 Against the walls, a roaring sea Of proud-plumed men beats clamorously. 1949 E. Blunden 9 With a sounding proud-plumed company By a glittering sea. 2004 (Nexis) 28 Sept. 7 There were proud-plumed pheasant roosters and a saucer-eyed Great Horned Owl. 1820 J. Keats Isabella in 56 And many once proud-quiver'd loins did melt In blood from stinging whip. 1660 S. Fisher To Rdr. sig. a2 Proud-spirited Priests and Scholastick Rabbies. 1748 S. Richardson V. viii. 94 What you have therefore now to do, is, so to behave to this proud-spirited wretch, as may banish from his mind all remembrance of past disobligations. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ III. vi. xlviii. 350 The proud-spirited woman. 1999 (Nexis) 6 Aug. 15 Resisting his overtures, the two proud-spirited young men are intent on maintaining their status as independent operators. 1839 C. Dickens xiii. 112 Proud-stomached teachers. 1990 (Nexis) 11 Mar. The Cathars were indeed near kin to medieval Bulgar heretics for whom a proud-stomached Church found harsh names, such as ‘Buggers’. 1844 J. R. Lowell in July 15 Though these proud-visaged hopes, once turned to fly, Hurl backward many a deadly Parthian dart. C2. The adverb combining with (chiefly participial) adjectives. 1919 A. Huxley in Sept. 61 The swan's proud-arching opulent loveliness. 1797 Poetry 168 To leave him, proud-exulting in his pains. 1929 E. Blunden 37 A proud-fed but a puny rill. 1841 J. W. Ord 59 Thy proud-glancing eye beameth bright as the sheen Of the orb. c1425 (c1400) 11190 (MED) Many a proude pight pynacle Stode a-boute that tabernacle. 1656 J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme xix. 444 I conceive already, the Devill will get many a one to ride upon his proud prancing Nagg. 1768 A. Dour tr. 'Inayat Allah I. v. 8 Nor was the hills and the woods deaf to the challenging neighing of proud-prancing steeds. 1860 19 May 3/1 Gallant policemen on proud prancing prads, Gracefully danced. 1901 L. F. Begbie in 28 Sept. 258/1 Proud-prancing Æschylean words. C3. 1599 ix. 32 Put on your spectacles you purblind and proud-blind Pharisee. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys xii. 202 It is the milde-hearted, and not the proude-minded; the Publican, and not the Pharisee that walketh with him. 1595 sig. A2r Some are so haughtie and proud minded, that they scorne to bend their neckes to the yoake of others. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 131 I am as peremptorie as she proud minded . View more context for this quotation 1640 Bp. J. Hall ii. xix. 199 Ærius saith he was a man frantick-headed, proud-minded. 1871 J. Moore 17 Her high, proud-minded, and her purse-proud father. 1962 D. R. Ap-Thomas tr. S. Mowinckel II. 116 To this didactic poem are added hymnal motifs, which..speak of God's judgment of the proud-minded. 1999 (Nexis) 17 Sept. b1 She watched the once proud-minded Betty Jane..endure the indignity of doctors shoving tubes into her body to provide the nourishment she wouldn't provide for herself. 1609 W. Shakespeare xcviii. sig. G When proud pide Aprill (drest in all his trim) Hath put a spirit of youth in euery thing. 1893 Apr. 536/1 I find the spring, even proud pied April, is not averse to long memories and backward glimpses into the quiet years. 1912 C. Mackenzie xlii. 373 When April pauses to survey her handiwork, assuming in the contemplation of the proud pied earth the warmth and maturity of midsummer. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Mar. 3 In our own days, Ted Hughes's Season Songs contain some of the most tangible and joyous evocations of spring... Proud-pied, is she? 1770 D. Barrington in (1775) 3 33 A goldfinch still continues to be called a proud tailor in some parts of England. 1829 S. Glover I. 151 Fringilla Carduelis, Goldfinch, Thistle-Finch, Proud Tailor. 1884 T. F. Thiselton-Dyer vi. 119 Goldfinch. The Warwickshire name for this bird is ‘Proud Tailor’. 2004 (Nexis) 15 May 18 The bullfinch or bully and the goldfinch, called the proud tailor, were up until the early 20th century favourite cage birds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). proudv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: proud adj. rare after Middle English. 1. the mind > emotion > pride > be proud [verb (intransitive)] OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) viii. 191 Gif ma..þone ærcediacon oððe þone prauost agyte þæt hi wyllon modiggan oððe prutian,..styre him ma æne oððe tuwa. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) lxxxiv. 337 Gif him deoflu hwæt on heora geþance lære, hwanon hi modigian magon oððe prutian, ne geþwærion hig þam. c1350 (Harl. 874) (1961) 144 (MED) Þe seuen names..bitokneþ þe seuen dedlich synnes, þorouȝ whiche þe deuel makeþ men to prouden [v.r. to be proud; Fr. enorguillir] & arisen aȝeins þe creatoure. a1382 (Bodl. 959) Job xv. 20 Alle his daiys þe vnpitous man prowdiþ [a1425 L.V. A wickid man is proud; L. impius superbit]. c1390 in C. Brown (1924) 138 Anoþer mon proudeþ as doþ a poo. a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 7 Arrogo, to prowden. 1612 J. Sylvester tr. Tropheis sig. Cccv, in E. Grimeston tr. P. Matthieu There prowdeth Power, Heer Prowesse brighter shines. 1985 K. Saro-Wiwa ix. 72 Oh how I am prouding because of this uniform! Look how it is strong and can stand by itself. And when I wear it, it fits me helele. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > be licentious [verb (intransitive)] the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > spiritedness or liveliness > be or become spirited or lively [verb (intransitive)] c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 264 Mirie time is Auerille..Ȝong man wexeþ iolif, And þan proudeþ man & wiif. the mind > emotion > pride > take pride in [verb (transitive)] > make proud or fill with pride a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 23 Effero, bere out or arere vp or prouden. c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. ii, in (1885) 8 153 (MED) Nor she was depressed wiþ reproues ne prouded wiþ hir preisynges. 1606 W. Warner xvi. cii. 403 Yee whom Nature hath or Fortune prowded. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 38 As Sin breeds Sin; and Husband marr's the Wife, Sister prowdes Sister, Brother hardens Brother, And one Companion doth corrupt another. Derivatives OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens (1974) 226 Proteruo..fastu :..mid hwurum uel wiþerwurde uel hwirlicere prutunge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.n.adv.OE v.OE |
