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单词 psi
释义

psin.

Brit. /(p)sʌɪ/, U.S. /(p)saɪ/
Forms: also with capital initial.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin psī.
Etymology: < classical Latin psī (Quintilian) < Hellenistic Greek ψῖ , alteration of ancient Greek ψεῖ , formed within Greek, after πεῖ (see pi n.1), as the name for the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet.In sense 2 apparently suggested by psy- in parapsychology n., psychic adj., psychic n.
1. (The name of) the twenty-third letter (Ψ, ψ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as the letter sequence ps.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek
alphac1175
muc1175
betaa1400
taua1400
chic1400
deltac1400
etac1400
kappac1400
gamma?a1425
lambda?a1425
nu?a1425
phi?a1425
pi?a1425
psi?a1425
rho?a1425
xi?a1425
zeta?a1425
upsilon1559
san1584
omega1599
theta1603
iota1607
sigma1607
omicron1631
digamma1699
epsilon1842
zeta1850
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) lf. 9v And ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, c what letres þei ben, here ȝee may seen hem, wt the names þat þei clepen hem þere, amonges hem. A Alpha, B Betha.., chi..psi [etc.].
1638 R. Thomas Muses Looking Glasse III. iii. 51 Alpha. Beta..Psi. Omega.
1728 A. Pope Minor Poems (1954) 88 Should the Greek quarrel too, by Styx, I Cou'd ne'er bring in Psi and Xi. Omicron and Omega from us Won'd each hope to be O in Thomas.
1848 T. K. Arnold Elem. Greek Gram. 1 Upsilon, Phi, Chi, Psi.
1889 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 10 188/2 Phrygian..cannot have adopted psi before xi.
1955 W. Pauli in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 30 A general agreement was reached following the substitution of abstract mathematical symbols, as for instance psi, for concrete pictures.
2006 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 11 July g11 The clothed woman stands with her arms raised, in an elongated shape that recalls the Greek letter psi.
2. The name of the letter used to represent or denote: paranormal phenomena or faculties collectively, or the psychic force said to be manifested by these.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun]
supernormal1885
psychic1909
paranormal1930
psi1942
the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > psychic force or power
psychic force1871
psi1942
wild talent1944
1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 8 Accepting the reality of psi, we may seek to fit it into the existing framework of scientific explanation.
1946 Jrnl. Parapsychol. 10 146 Psi, a general term to identify personal factors or processes in nature which transcend accepted laws. It approximates the popular use of the word ‘psychic’ and the technical one, ‘parapsychical’.
1950 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 361/2 The whole field of ‘the Unseen’, survival after death, ghosts, mediums, precognition, gypsies, astrology, spiritual healing, in short, what it is now fashionable to call ‘psi’.
1976 Jrnl. Soc. Psychical Res. 48 267 Empirical evidence exists to the contrary; i.e. that psi can act independently of the brain without following the limiting characteristics of space, time and physical causality.
1991 New Scientist 11 May 53/1 Braude also rejects some of the notorious problems of anecdotal evidence and turns to eyewitness testimony from earlier times to prove that psi [i.e. psychic phenomena] exists.
3. Particle Physics. A neutral, strongly interacting meson that is distinguished by an exceptionally long lifetime in relation to its mass of 3097 MeV, and is produced by the high-energy collision of protons, or of electrons and positrons (frequently written ψ, J/ψ; also called J). Also (in full psi prime, frequently written ψ′): a similar particle of mass 3686 MeV that decays into a psi and two pions.The ψ particle has a spin of 1, zero hypercharge, zero isospin, and negative parity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > [noun] > psi particle
psi1974
1974 Times 18 Nov. 1/8 American physicists yesterday announced the discovery of a new kind of elementary particle which has been given the name Psi.
1974 J.-E. Augustin et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 2 Dec. 1406/2 We have observed a very sharp peak in the cross section for e+e → hadrons, e+e, and possibly μ+μ... The resonance has the parameters E = 3·105 ± 0·003 GeV, Γ ≦ 1·3 MeV... We suggest naming this structure ψ(3105).
1974 G. S. Abrams et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 9 Dec. 1453/2 We therefore began a systematic search..and quickly found a second narrow resonance decaying to hadrons. The parameters of this new state (which we suggest calling ψ(3695)) are M = 3·695 ± 0·004 GeV, Γ < 2·7 MeV.
1975 Physical Rev. Lett. 7 July 1/1 Although the newly discovered narrow boson resonances at Μ = 3·095 GeV (ψ or J) and at Μ′ = 3·684 GeV (ψ′) have yet to be fully explored, the data so far indicate that these particles are of a hadronic nature with quantum numbers JP = I and IGC = O−−.
1978 Sci. Amer. Mar. 50/2 The main significance of the discovery of the psi particle was that it provided compelling evidence for the existence of a fourth kind of quark, which had earlier been named the ‘charmed’ quark.
1997 S. Glashow in L. Wolpert Passionate Minds xviii. 172 It was found as the J particle at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and as the psi particle, independently, and on the same day, in California.
1999 Science 20 Aug. 1195/1 Any charm quarks produced in the collision have many more partners to choose from; they don't have to run away with an anticharm partner, which causes the number of J/psi mesons to drop.

Compounds

attributive (in sense 2), as psi-phenomenon, psi-power, etc.
ΚΠ
1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 5 I suggest that we should use a term proposed by Dr Wiesner, and call this group of effects [sc. extra-sensory perception] the ‘psi phenomena’, a term which has the important negative merit that it implies no theory as to their nature.
1948 J. B. Rhine Reach of Mind ix. 112 How general psi capacities are we do not yet know.
1955 A. Huxley Let. 27 Aug. (1969) 761 It will obviously take a lot of very cautious experimentation to determine the right psi-enhancing dose of the mushroom.
1969 J. I. M. Stewart Cucumber Sandwiches 31 ‘Are individuals any longer described as psychic, Arthur?’... ‘The jargon changes. The “psi-factor” is all the go now.’
1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 45/3 The very essence of sound experimental design in parapsychology is to close all cheating loopholes. Until they are closed, no experiment indicating sensational psi powers is worth publishing.
1996 Nature 22 Feb. 685/2 It would..be possible to hold..that psi-phenomena will ultimately be explained in terms of physical forces and laws.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

psi
psi n. pounds per square inch.
ΚΠ
1941 Science 23 May 494/2 The American Standards Association reports the completion of the revision of American standard abbreviations for scientific and engineering terms... It includes such common terms as pounds per square inch (psi), dollar ($), and dozen (doz).
1959 Motor 2 Sept. 75/2 This is with 5·90–13 Goodyear tubed tyres, inflated to 26 p.s.i. back and front.
1989 Classical Sportscar Feb. 21/4 When warm, oil pressure settles at a steady 30psi.
extracted from Pn.
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n.?a1425
as lemmas
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