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单词 provant
释义

provantn.adj.

Brit. /ˈprɒv(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈprɑv(ə)nt/
Forms: late Middle English–1500s provente, 1500s prouaunt, 1500s prouaunte, 1500s prowant (Scottish), 1500s–1600s prouant, 1500s–1800s provent, 1500s– provant, 1600s provante, 1600s–1800s provaunt.
Origin: Apparently either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch provant; Middle Low German prōvant.
Etymology: Apparently < either Middle Dutch provant or Middle Low German prōvant (see provand n.). Compare Swedish provent (1528 as provant ). Compare earlier (in slightly different sense) provent n.
A. n.
1. Provand, provender; an allowance of food. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] > supply for army or soldiers
provand?c1341
provantc1475
garnison1481
proviant1627
iron rations1867
messing1884
c1475 Mankind (1969) 61 (MED) The chaff to horse xall be goode provente; When a man ys forcolde þe straw may be brent.
1557 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1888) V. 421/1 4 bol. prowant nuncupat. horscorne.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G v From the flesh-pots of Egipt, to the Prouant of the Low-countreyes.
a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr/1 One Peaze was a Souldiers provant a whole day, at the destruction of Ierusalem.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 34 On the Shoulders of the Coolies they load their Provant, and what Moveables necessary.
1766 D. Lloyd Voy. & Adv. Capt. Jones (ed. 2) 19 These sea-sick soldiers, rang hills, woods, and vallies, Seeking provant to fill their empty bellies.
1844 J. H. Carleton Prairie Logbks. 29 Aug. (1983) 81 He made it a rule at every meal to lay in provent enough to last him three days.
1849 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. (rev. ed.) vi. viii. 369 in Wks. I. It severed off a deep coat pocket, stored with bread and cheese—which provant rolling among the armies, occasioned a fearful scrambling.
1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. IV. cccxxvii. 228 Then she applied herself to making ready the wants of the way, to wit provaunt and provender.
1920 J. Masefield Enslaved in Poems (1946) 437 All the cattle killed for provant and the gutted homestead burning.
2. A person who deals in provant; a sutler. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > others concerned with military affairs > [noun] > sutler
purveyorc1425
clerk of the victualsc1570
sutler1590
victualler1591
vivandier1591
provanta1625
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > supplying to soldiers > one who
victuallerc1380
clerk of the victualsc1570
sutler1590
vivandier1591
provanta1625
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddddddd2v/2 O gods of Rome, was Nicodemus born to bear these braveries from a poor provant?
B. adj.
1. Of or belonging to the provant or soldier's allowance; (hence) of common or inferior quality. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]
evil971
lowc1175
poor?c1225
feeblec1275
vilea1300
petty1372
unthende1377
secondary1386
petitc1390
unmeeta1393
illa1400
commonc1400
coarse1424
indigent1426
unlikelyc1450
lesser1464
gross1474
naughty1526
inferior1531
reprobate?1545
slender1577
unlikely1578
puny1579
under1580
wooden1592
sordid1596
puisne1598
provant1601
subministrant1604
inferious1607
sublunary1624
indifferent1638
undermatched1642
unworthy1646
underly1648
turncoated1650
female1652
undergraduate1655
farandinical1675
baddishc1736
ungenerous1745
understrapping1762
tinnified1794
demi-semi1805
shabby1805
dicky1819
poor white1821
tin-pot1838
deterior1848
substandard1850
crumby1859
cheesy1863
po'1866
not-quite1867
rocky1873
mouldy1876
low-grade1878
sketchy1878
midget1879
junky1880
ullaged1892
abysmal1904
bodgie1905
junk1908
crap1936
ropy1941
bodger1945
two-star1951
tripey1955
manky1958
schlocky1960
cack1978
wank1991
bowf1994
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iii. sig. E4v Step... He swore it was a Toledo. Bob. A prouant Rapier, no better. View more context for this quotation
1621 R. Speed Counter-scuffle sig. C3v Commanders, That hither come, compel'd by want, With rusty Swords, and Suits Prouant.
1627 G. Hakewill Apologie ii. vii. 111 The provant wine ordained for the armie being frozen, was divided with hatchets.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 184 The good wheaten loaves of the Flemings were better than the Provant rye-bread of the Swede.
1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous I. i. 16 Those that handle the backsword and are quick at finish with the provant rapier.
2. That serves or engages for provant; mercenary. Cf. provantman n. at Compounds. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [adjective] > mercenary
wagedc1440
stipendiaryc1545
mercenary1569
wageable1614
provant1637
stipendiarian1796
mercenarian1886
1637 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother v. i. sig. H3 Fighting! What's fighting? It may be in fashion, Among Provant swords, and buffe-jerkin men.
1664 T. Killigrew Parsons Wedding i. i, in Comedies & Trag. 75 Hang him, lean, mercenary, provant Rogue.

Compounds

provantman n. Obsolete a mercenary.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary
wagerc1420
knight wager1513
mercenary1523
lance-knight1530
suddart1542
hireling1547
adventurer1548
venturer1572
lansquenet1577
warmonger1590
mercenarian1598
passe-volant1617
provantman1659
soldier of fortune1661
privateer1676
routier1683
bravo1761
stipendiary1768
free companion1804
freelance1819
free-rider1821
freelancer1854
merchant of death1934
merc1967
1659 T. Lushington Resurrection Rescued 43 The Provantman will undertake to say any thing, yea, to do any thing for money.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

provantv.

Forms: 1500s prouant.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: provant n.
Etymology: < provant n. Compare earlier provend v.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To supply with provisions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > supply with provisions
victualc1380
meat1568
provant1599
provision1604
catera1616
bread1797
grub1819
ration1834
vegetate1846
tucker1899
feed1904
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 6 Yarmouth..should not onely supply her inhabitants with plentifull purueyance of sustenance, but prouant and victuall moreouer this monstrous army of strangers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.adj.c1475v.1599
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