provenadj.

Brit.

/ˈpruːvən/,

/ˈprəʊvən/, U.S.

/ˈpruvən/, Scottish English

/ˈprovən/,

/ˈpruvən/

Forms: 1700s– proven; Scottish pre-1700 prouen, pre-1700 provyn, pre-1700 1700s– proven, pre-1700 (1800s Shetland) provin.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English proven , prove v.

Etymology: < proven, past participle of prove v. Compare earlier proved adj.This is the usual form in Scottish English (as opposed to proved adj.), and also the preferred form in current North American English. It is now also more frequent than proved adj. in British English.

Originally Scottish.

1. Shown to be true, or to be as stated; proved, demonstrated.Now often passing into sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > proved

proveda1382

convictc1475

probate?1511

comprobate1523

proven1533

persuaded1538

scientifical1588

verified1594

approved1600

approven1609

averred1641

examined1723

substanced1773

clenched1815

made-out1820

open-and-shut1841

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 141/13 May thair nevir be sa provin vertew [L. spectata virtus] amang ȝow.

1609 J. Skene Regiam Majestatem ii. 37 Justice salbe done vpon him as ane proven theif [L. latrone probato].

1655 R. Baillie Disswasive Vindic. 63 This is no answer to a proven challenge.

1784 Edinb. Advertiser 9 Apr. 240/2 The proven rent after all deductions.

1794 Edinb. Advertiser 9 May 304/3 Proven value of the wood in the tree park.

1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. II. vii. 327 They never abandon a proven falsehood, or an iniquitous demand.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 264 We must accept it as a proven fact.

1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 377 Females of proven fertility..at the pro-oestrous or early oestrous stage.

1963 Automobile Engineer 53 231/1 One..well known manufacturer is experimenting with an automatic stepped ratio transmission based upon proven principles.

1976 Sunday Times 8 Feb. 66/3 (advt.) The ideal candidate will above all have a proven profitable track record as a manager.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 May 42/1 Witchcraft without a proven element of maleficium seems to have been regarded as harmless.

2. That has been tested or tried; (in extended use, of a person, etc.) reliable, trustworthy.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [adjective]

soothfastc825

truefastOE

i-treowec1000

unfakenOE

trueOE

sickerc1100

trigc1175

strustya1250

steel to the (very) backa1300

true as steela1300

certainc1325

well-provedc1325

surec1330

traistc1330

tristc1330

trustya1350

faithfula1382

veryc1385

sada1387

discreet1387

trust1389

trothfulc1390

tristya1400

proveda1425

good-heartedc1425

well-trusted?a1439

tristfulc1440

authorizablea1475

faithworthy?1526

tentik1534

fidele1539

truthfulc1550

suresby1553

responsible1558

trestc1560

reliable1569

cocksurea1575

sound1581

trustful1582

truepenny1589

true (also good, sure) as touch1590

probable1596

confident1605

trustable1606

axiopistical1611

loyala1616

reposeful1627

confiding1645

fiducial1647

laudable1664

safe1667

accountable1683

serious1693

sponsible1721

dependable1730

unfailing1798

truthya1802

trustworthy1829

all right1841

stand-up1841

falsehood-free1850

right1856

proven1872

bankable1891

secure1954

c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) I. 285 It is mair sowndand to the verite to follow mony provin and attentik authouris [L. multi probati authores] in..oure historie.

1777 Manifesto Edinb. Congr. 8 The said patron..refused to turn all his (Sir Laurence's) old proven friends out of council.

1853 T. Watson Poems 2 A proven man o' credit—He'll do our wark.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 150 He..Had got his proven sword into his hand.

1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 4 Gawain,..Ask'd me to tilt with him, the proven knight.

1907 J. M. Synge Playboy of Western World iii. 80 She will wed me surely, and I a proven hero in the end of all.

1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 144 The proven hunters..scorned such other than shooting..to test their marksmanship.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. b6 (advt.) An outstanding opportunity exists for a proven manager to join a new management team.

1991 Atlantic Dec. 35 (advt.) The technique of accelerated learning, as conveyed by these proven foreign language courses, allows anyone to comfortably converse in a new language within 30 days.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proven
释义	provenadj. Brit. /ˈpruːvən/, /ˈprəʊvən/, U.S. /ˈpruvən/, Scottish English /ˈprovən/, /ˈpruvən/ Forms: 1700s– proven; Scottish pre-1700 prouen, pre-1700 provyn, pre-1700 1700s– proven, pre-1700 (1800s Shetland) provin. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English proven , prove v. Etymology: < proven, past participle of prove v. Compare earlier proved adj.This is the usual form in Scottish English (as opposed to proved adj.), and also the preferred form in current North American English. It is now also more frequent than proved adj. in British English. Originally Scottish. 1. Shown to be true, or to be as stated; proved, demonstrated.Now often passing into sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > proved proveda1382 convictc1475 probate?1511 comprobate1523 proven1533 persuaded1538 scientifical1588 verified1594 approved1600 approven1609 averred1641 examined1723 substanced1773 clenched1815 made-out1820 open-and-shut1841 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 141/13 May thair nevir be sa provin vertew [L. spectata virtus] amang ȝow. 1609 J. Skene Regiam Majestatem ii. 37 Justice salbe done vpon him as ane proven theif [L. latrone probato]. 1655 R. Baillie Disswasive Vindic. 63 This is no answer to a proven challenge. 1784 Edinb. Advertiser 9 Apr. 240/2 The proven rent after all deductions. 1794 Edinb. Advertiser 9 May 304/3 Proven value of the wood in the tree park. 1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. II. vii. 327 They never abandon a proven falsehood, or an iniquitous demand. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 264 We must accept it as a proven fact. 1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 377 Females of proven fertility..at the pro-oestrous or early oestrous stage. 1963 Automobile Engineer 53 231/1 One..well known manufacturer is experimenting with an automatic stepped ratio transmission based upon proven principles. 1976 Sunday Times 8 Feb. 66/3 (advt.) The ideal candidate will above all have a proven profitable track record as a manager. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 May 42/1 Witchcraft without a proven element of maleficium seems to have been regarded as harmless. 2. That has been tested or tried; (in extended use, of a person, etc.) reliable, trustworthy. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [adjective] soothfastc825 truefastOE i-treowec1000 unfakenOE trueOE sickerc1100 trigc1175 strustya1250 steel to the (very) backa1300 true as steela1300 certainc1325 well-provedc1325 surec1330 traistc1330 tristc1330 trustya1350 faithfula1382 veryc1385 sada1387 discreet1387 trust1389 trothfulc1390 tristya1400 proveda1425 good-heartedc1425 well-trusted?a1439 tristfulc1440 authorizablea1475 faithworthy?1526 tentik1534 fidele1539 truthfulc1550 suresby1553 responsible1558 trestc1560 reliable1569 cocksurea1575 sound1581 trustful1582 truepenny1589 true (also good, sure) as touch1590 probable1596 confident1605 trustable1606 axiopistical1611 loyala1616 reposeful1627 confiding1645 fiducial1647 laudable1664 safe1667 accountable1683 serious1693 sponsible1721 dependable1730 unfailing1798 truthya1802 trustworthy1829 all right1841 stand-up1841 falsehood-free1850 right1856 proven1872 bankable1891 secure1954 c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) I. 285 It is mair sowndand to the verite to follow mony provin and attentik authouris [L. multi probati authores] in..oure historie. 1777 Manifesto Edinb. Congr. 8 The said patron..refused to turn all his (Sir Laurence's) old proven friends out of council. 1853 T. Watson Poems 2 A proven man o' credit—He'll do our wark. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 150 He..Had got his proven sword into his hand. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 4 Gawain,..Ask'd me to tilt with him, the proven knight. 1907 J. M. Synge Playboy of Western World iii. 80 She will wed me surely, and I a proven hero in the end of all. 1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 144 The proven hunters..scorned such other than shooting..to test their marksmanship. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. b6 (advt.) An outstanding opportunity exists for a proven manager to join a new management team. 1991 Atlantic Dec. 35 (advt.) The technique of accelerated learning, as conveyed by these proven foreign language courses, allows anyone to comfortably converse in a new language within 30 days. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1533
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