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单词 provend
释义

provendn.

Brit. /ˈprɒv(ə)nd/, U.S. /ˈprɑv(ə)nd/
Forms: Middle English–1500s prouend, Middle English–1500s prouende, Middle English–1500s provende, 1500s– provend; English regional (northern) 1800s– proven, 1800s– provin, 1800s– provven, 1800s– provvin.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provende; Latin provenda.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French provende (French provende ) regular allowance of food (c1135), animal fodder, esp. for horses (c1150), prebend (c1170, now obsolete in this sense; compare prebend n.) and its etymon post-classical Latin provenda daily allowance of food, occasional allowance of food (8th cent.), also provandum , provendum fodder (from 13th cent. in British sources), alteration (after classical Latin prōvidēre provide v.) of post-classical Latin praebenda prebend n. Compare Catalan provendo food ration, Italian profenda , †provenda provender, prebend (second half of the 13th cent., now rare and only in sense ‘food ration, esp. animal fodder’); also Old Frisian prōvenda , prōvena , pronda prebend, Middle Dutch provende , provend , provene , prove prebend, allowance for food (Dutch prove ), Middle Low German prȫvende , prōvende , prȫvene allowance of food, stipend, prebend, Old High German fruonda , pfruonta allowance of food, prebend (Middle High German phrüende , phruonde , German Pfründe , now only in sense ‘prebend’), Old Icelandic próvenda , prófenda prebend, Old Swedish proventa prebend (Swedish provent , obsolete in this sense), Old Danish provent prebend (1472; Danish †prouent ). See also provender n.1, and provand n., provant v., proviant n.Compare also Middle English probend , which may show a variant of the present word influenced by prebend n.: a1425 Nominale in MS Royal 17 C.xvii 664/10 Nomina pertinencia ad orrium..Hec prebenda, Anglice, probend.
Now rare.
1. A stipend, revenue, or estate, esp. one granted to a cathedral canon or member of the chapter; = prebend n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > prebendary
provendc1300
provenderc1300
prebendera1425
provendrya1425
prebenda1475
prebendal stall1716
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) 394 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 442 (MED) At salesburi he was i-maket Canoun seculer; prouendes [c1300 Harl. prouendre] of churches he hadde, and was tresurer.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 210 (MED) The Lumbard made non eschange The bisschopriches forto change, Ne yet a lettre for to sende For dignite ne for Provende.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 210 (MED) Þei rene þam prouendes, þorgh power þat þei haue.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6931 If we seen hym wynne honour, Richesse, or preis thurgh his valour, Provende, rent, or dignyte [Fr. Provendes ou possessions].
2.
a. Food, provisions; esp. (in early use always) dry food for horses, as hay, etc.; = provender n.1 2. Occasionally as a count noun: an item or portion of food. Now archaic, historical, or regional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder
fodderOE
foragec1315
provender1340
provend?a1400
foddering1430
feed1594
farrage1609
roughness1813
trough-meat1844
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 10533 Mete or drynk or hors prouend.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 9 (MED) Nabugodonosor with bestis Eet provende.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eivv/2 Prouende, pabalum i.
1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation i. sig. A.iii For the barbed courser braue, the earth may prouend yeld.
a1687 C. Cotton Poems (1689) 648 With Hail instead of Provend fed.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 134 'Tis a proud horse that won't carry its own proven.
1900 S. R. Crockett Fitting of Peats iii, in Love Idylls (1901) 24 It shall never be said that Adam Home took another man's horse and provend without asking his leave.
1971 G. W. S. Barrow Acts William I, King Scots 1165–1214 i. ii. 36 The treatise on the Scottish king's household..devotes a passage to the clerk of the kitchen (subordinate to the clerk of the provend).
1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Provin, food for farm animals.
b. The portion or allowance of food supplied to each inmate of a monastery. Obsolete.Perhaps influenced by sense 1 ‘stipend’.
ΚΠ
1481 W. Caxton Reynart Foxe xvij Isegrym the wulf..become a monke shorn in the ordre tho the prouende [Du. pravande] of sixe monkes was not suffycient to hym and had not ynough to ete.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 415/2 The other dayes he gaue his prouende to poure peple.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Monasteries, when the Religious go to Meals; they are said to go to Provend.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

provendv.

Brit. /ˈprɒv(ə)nd/, U.S. /ˈprɑv(ə)nd/
Forms: 1500s prouend, 1600s provend; English regional (northern) 1700s provon, 1800s– provven.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: provend n.
Etymology: < provend n. Compare Middle French provender (early 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), and Middle Dutch provenden , Old Saxon gi-pruuendōn , Old High German provendōn , phruantōn (Middle High German phrüenden , German †pfründen ). Compare provender v.
Now English regional (northern).
transitive. To supply with provender; to feed, to fodder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)]
baitc1400
servea1475
foddera1500
refetea1500
maintain1576
provend1581
provender1584
put1620
meal1630
stall-feed1763
feed1818
board1875
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ii. 30 Do throughly prouend wel your Horsse [Fr. dessus tout bien penser vos cheuaulx].
1672 H. More Let. 5 Feb. in Conway Lett. (1992) 530 He has had the two Ginees from your ladiships bounty to provend him withall.
1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) 43 I'll fodder an Provon the Tits for the.
1896 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 16 May in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1905) IV. 632/2 Provven th' beeas'.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1300v.1581
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