| 释义 |
provern. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prove v., -er suffix1. Etymology: < prove v. + -er suffix1. In sense 1 after post-classical Latin probator person who accuses an accomplice (see probator n.). Compare Anglo-Norman pruverre person who tests (first half of the 12th cent.), also Anglo-Norman provour, provur, pruvour, Middle French prouvour, prouveur defender (especially in court) (a1282 in Anglo-Norman), approver, person who turns King's evidence (c1292), plaintiff (15th cent.).Attested earlier as a surname, although it is unclear whether this is to be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word: Rob. le Provur (1243). I. In senses relating to demonstrating or establishing. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > a witness > one who turns state's evidence a1325 (2011) v. 10 Ant thulke þat beth bicleped of prouors þe wile þat te prouor liueth [etc.]. 1444 V. 111/2 He knowleched diverse Felonies and Tresons, and becam a provowr. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 69 Oiþer he schal dampne þe prouar, or..schal iuge þe vngilty. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 249 Jugement Is done before a juge be a provour and a defendour and witnes. 1588 W. Lambarde (new ed.) iii. ii. 344 A Prouour..must beginne with confession of his owne fault, before he may be permitted to burthen an other man. 1611 J. Speed ix. xxiv. 851/2 Suffer neither the said prouer, nor defender to take any of their weapons. 1675 R. Baxter ii. i. 270 You must charge no errour on them but what you can prove: For the Accuser is the prover. 1769 W. Blackstone IV. xxv. 330 He is called an approver or prover, probator, and the party appealed or accused is called the appellee. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [noun] > one who proves 1741 W. Warburton II. App. 34 He will bring several Testimonies to prove it... And on such Occasions..he is a most unmerciful Prover. 1850 R. Browning iv. 14 Truth remains true, the fault's in the prover. 1918 2 May 207/1 The one-eyed preoccupations of the prover of a thesis. 1993 8 May 24/2 A standard mathematical proof is stated explicitly, and need only be verified. An interactive proof is quite different: it arises out of a conversation between a powerful but potentially unreliable ‘prover’, and a ‘verifier’ who has limited computational means. II. In senses relating to trying or testing. 3. the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > one who or that which tests > one who society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > assayer a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vi. 27 A stalworþe prouere [a1425 L.V. preuere; L. Probatorem] I ȝaf þee in my puple, & þou shalt witen & preuen þe weie of hem. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 67 (MED) I am rewarder of all gode men & a miȝty prever of all deuoute men. 1535 Jer. vi. 27 The haue I set for a prouer of my harde people, to seke out and to trye their wayes. a1542 T. Wyatt (1969) 155 I have benne a lover Ffull long and many days, And oft tymes a prover Of the most paynffull wayes. 1609 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 66 Patr. Why am I a foole? Ther. Make that demand of the Prouer, it suffices mee thou art. View more context for this quotation 1683 J. Pettus (title page) Chief Prover (or Assay-Master General of the Empire of Germany). a1754 J. Strange (1755) 2 59 A mandamus to restore him to the office of prover of guns in the Tower was denied. 1856 ‘J. Phoenix’ 158 Sir I am a plane man and wont the orifice [sc. office] of Prover and taster of Brandy. a1898 H. Bessemer (1905) xvi. 217 All but two of the chisels were broken; they were very slender and delicate, and had been a good deal punished by the prover's hammer. 1977 4 14 It is a shame that all the ‘heads’ of the barrels are now missing,..since this is where the brewers', vintners' and provers' marks would have been made. the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > one who or that which tests > that which 1670 T. Blount Tentor, a stretcher, tryer or prover, which Dyers and Clothiers used. 1729 T. McCliesh Let. 1 Aug. in (1965) 25 143 We have opened several barrels of powder and find by our prover that it's stronger than last year's powder. 1751 D. Jeffries (ed. 2) 18 An instrument useful for examining the size and depth of any diamond, called a prover. 1862 II. xiii. §2899 Woollen and linen provers. 1871 W. P. Blake 28 The substitution of peat for charcoal [in the manufacture of gunpowder]..produces an article which, it is claimed, has invariably shown, in the ‘powder prover’, a strength from twenty to thirty percent. 1894 J. N. Maskelyne 68 The mirror in this case is mounted somewhat after the fashion of a linen-prover. 1939 1 Dec. 13 The [Public Utility] Commission's standardization laboratory at Harrisburg conducted 53 tests of utility meter provers during the month. 1991 Sept. 196/3 Further sections give detailed advice on calibrating and operating pipe provers. the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [noun] > testing drugs, etc. 1843 1 162 The prover should choose a period when he is in the best of health. 1848 C. J. Hempel tr. C. Hering in I. p. viii Every lover of homœopathy must bestow the most unbounded praise and admiration on the Austrian provers. 1931 J. E. Barker vii. 102 It may seem easy to match the symptoms of a patient with a drug producing the same symptoms in healthy provers who have experimentally taken it. In reality this is exceedingly difficult. 1974 June–July 89 After taking the thirty powders the provers have a rest for a month, and then have a further thirty powders. 1987 S. Gibson & R. Gibson v. 73 The provers note daily in their diaries any symptoms and signs which they develop. society > communication > printing > printer > [noun] > printer of proof impressions 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) II. 289 In the principal houses there are generally employed from two to six men..whose duty it is to print proof impressions only [of an engraved plate]; they are called provers. 1900 18 Sept. 8/4 Process block prover on Albion Press wanted. 1917 Mar. 116 When the (German) prover gets a proof he likes, the stone is then turned over to the printers in another room. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1325 |
