| 释义 |
† puken.1Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch puuc. Etymology: < Middle Dutch puuc, puyc, puc best sort of cloth (typically made of wool), best kind more generally (especially of concrete things) (1406 in puuck leder; Dutch puik pick of, choicest portion or example; compare also puik (adjective) excellent), related to Middle Dutch -puken (in utepuken to pick out the best; Dutch regional (Zeeland) puken to sieve, riddle (of grain)); further etymology unknown.Compare Middle Low German pūk the best cloth (frequently in compounds; also as pūch- ) and also Middle Low German pūch good (in pūch dünken ), German regional (Low German) pük fine, well-dressed, genuine, also (East Friesland) püke ware best goods, used especially of cloth ( > German piek- in piekfein very fine (19th cent.; colloquial)); probably all < Dutch. In early modern Dutch sources the making of this type of cloth is typically associated with Delft. There is apparently nothing comparable to sense 2 in Dutch or Middle Low German. This sense is apparently not connected in any way with later puce adj., puce n., or their etymon French puce , although these terms were applied to a similar colour range (compare sense 2). Obsolete. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > for clothing 1465 in (1841) 320 (MED) Item, a shorte gowne of blakke pewke ffurred wyth martres. 1471 E. Paston in (2004) I. 634 I haue desyered hym to lend me a gown of puke, and I haue send hym a typet of welvet to boredyre yt [rown]d a-bowthe. 1545 in G. J. Piccope (1860) II. 63 A new gowne of ffrenche puke lyned withe saten. 1562 in J. Raine (1853) 166 One gowne of fyne puke garded with veluett and furred with budge, xxvjs. viijd. 1566 in J. Raine (1835) I. 257 In the Shopp. A sadd coller brod clothe iiij yerds xijs...a pooke viij yerds xliiijs. 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. v. 69 Wilt thou rob this leathern Ierkin, cristall button..puke stocking, Caddice garter. 1612 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes i. i. 2 The rest and remnant thereof was spent on a Ierkin of fine puke [Sp. sayo de velarte]. the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [noun] > bluish black 1510 J. Stanbridge sig. Civ Piceus, puke. 1538 T. Elyot Pullus,..russette, sometyme blacke, but rather puke color, betwene russet & black. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. ii. f. 97/2, in R. Holinshed I His coate, gowne & cloake of browne blew or puke. 1598 J. Florio at Pauonaccio cupo A deepe darke purple or puke colour. 1615 G. Markham (1660) ii. v. 124 To dye wool of a puke colour, take Galls..and boyle your wool or your Cloth therein..halfe an hour: then take them up, and put in your Coperas into the same Liquor, then put in your wool again. 1688 R. Holme ii. ix. 178/2 Their [sc. Bactrian camels'] colour is brown, or puke. 1725 R. Bradley at Mixing colour If..you would needs have your Cloth of three Colours, as of two dark and one light, or contrary; supposing Crimson, Yellow or Puke. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). puken.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: puke v. Etymology: < puke v.With sense 2 compare earlier puker n. In sense 3 perhaps originally not the same word, although subsequently identified with it. The origin of this sense is usually assumed to be derogatory, but the specific motivation for the application to Missourians is unclear. Apparently more than one version of the popular explanation offered in quot. 1847 at sense 1a existed in the 19th cent.; another attributed the name to the Californians rather than the Illinoians. A connection with Irish English puke poor, puny, unhealthy-looking person (of uncertain origin) has also been suggested. 1. colloquial in later use. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > vomiting 1612 G. Chapman sig. C2 And as a Nurse lab'ring a wayward Childe..beares with his pewks and cryes. 1678 R. Hooke 14 Mar. (1935) 348 Mightily eased by a little pewk. 1737 H. Bracken (1756) I. 80 This [Pill] generally begins its Operation with a Puke of yellow slimy Matter. 1748 S. Richardson VII. iv. 22 It gave him first a puke, then a fever. 1808 19 26 She..had two pukes, which might have been occasioned by increasing the squills to four grains. 1847 T. Ford (1854) ii. 68 The Illinoians..called the Missourians ‘Pukes’... The lower lead mines in Missouri had sent up to the Galena country whole hoards of uncouth ruffians, from which it was inferred that Missouri had taken a ‘Puke’. 1935 J. T. Farrell xvii. 394 He felt fear, like a great puke, sweep through him. 1990 10 Nov. Fancy a puke down the Pet Shop Boys' pan?..Just send a picture of yourself [etc.]. 2006 (Nexis) 12 Feb. c2 A former colleague remembers asking him once what he had for breakfast. ‘Cigarette and a puke,’ was the response. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > vomiting > vomit 1705 in II. 177 With perpetual Sweating they smelt as sour as a Parish-child wallowing in its own Puke. a1759 Sir C. H. Williams (1822) II. 262 Till the nauseated reader no longer cou'd brook The hoarse cuckow note, all bestain'd them with puke. 1865 ‘Philocomus’ vi. 63 Rather than touch your putrid cunt..I'd drink a bowl of drunkard's puke. 1926 E. E. Cummings i. xxxii. 44 A man who had fallen among thieves lay by the roadside... Brushing from whom the stiffened puke I put him all into my arms and staggered [etc.]. 1951 P. Larkin Let. 5 Feb. in (1992) 169 It's so long since I heard from you I feel alarmed..lest you are lying on your bed all day..& going to sleep in a blanket of puke. 1975 4 Dec. 526/2 At the Black Raven, by Liverpool Street station,..there is a slight odour of puke and disinfectant. 1991 6 Fay is indignant about..anyone who thinks that the political line in Christy Moore records is puke. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > emetic 1729 37 If they are puffed up with Wind, and are troubled with Belchings,..give them the following Puke: Take a Dram [etc.]. 1743 W. Ellis (ed. 2) III. 226 Which Compound, one would think, more fit for a Puke, than a grateful, cordial, stomachic Bitter. 1775 A. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams (1876) 95 Yesterday Patty was seized, and took a puke. a1849 H. Coleridge (1850) II. 332 He never once alludes to purge or puke. 1882 G. F. Jackson (at cited word) That child inna well, 'er'd better 'ave a puke i' the mornin'. 1897 28 Aug. 533/2 It would not be long before we should come to look upon the treatment of this disease by enemata of air and water much as we do to-day upon the pukes, purges, doses of metallic mercury..which were soberly employed by good men not so many years ago. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states 1834 2 Sept. The Illinois Pioneer gives the following list of nick names adopted to distinguish the citizens of the Western states... Ohio Buckeyes, Indiana Hoosiers, Illinois Suckers, Missouri Pukes, Michigan Territory Wolverines, [etc.]. 1838 T. C. Haliburton 2nd Ser. xix. 289 The suckers of Illinoy, the pukes of Missuri..and the corncrackers of Virginia. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ II. xxxviii. 47 This Protestant assembly was a gathering of delegates principally from the land of Hoosiers..with..a small chance of Pukes from beyond the father of floods. 1874 H. K. Stimson xxxiii. 416 (heading) A night with the ‘Rackensacks’ and the ‘Pukes’. 1893 26 Apr. 6/4 I have noticed..a great many learned and owl-like explanations of why Illinoisans are called ‘Suckers’ and Missourians ‘Pukes’. 1908 L. Houck III. xxiv. 36 ‘Hidalgos’ the first residents of upper Louisiana and Missouri were called, until in the mouths of the vulgar the name of ‘Pukes’ was made current. 1954 (U.S. Senate Rep. No. 848) 109 Sir, I do remember them calling President Truman a puke from Missouri. 2001 J. C. Blake 217 The Hoosier was embarrassed to a rage. ‘You puke Missouri whore!’ 4. 1834 Nov. 204 ‘You are a puke, sir—that's my opinion, you are a puke,’ rejoined Nick. 1843 J. S. Robb 152 Captain and all hands are a set of cowardly pukes. 1859 H. E. Taliaferro 36 You're a purty set uv ill-begotten, turkey-trottin' pukes, to raise a quarrel with a peaceubble man, and then run like a gang uv geese. 1943 B. DeVoto 310 They had become resentful of croakers, called him a Puke, and moved on. 1956 R. Jenkins iv. i. 167 The unbraw unlovable puke married to yon specky gasping smout of a barber. 1986 T. McGuane (1989) 133 You evil puke... We'll find a way to cut off your balls. 2003 12 Feb. (Home ed.) c3/4 Since when is a liberal puke from the media considered to be a VIP? a1966 in J. C. Pratt (1984) 239 The ‘staff pukes’ were beginning to descend on us with their inspections and other nonsense. 1971 (Univ. S. Dakota) 7 Lifer puke, a professional soldier who is especially dedicated to the service. 1986 T. Clancy (1988) xxvi. 429 Have somebody tell those Navy pukes that we can stop these bastards if they get their shit together. 1996 B. Fawcett 125 My turnover advisor wasn't even a SEAL, he was some Army puke. 2002 G. Trudeau Doonesbury (comic strip) in 6 Dec. (Home ed.) c3/2 You pukes were carrying girly packs! 25 pounds! Your average G.I. humps 80 pounds! Compounds the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > Indian tobacco 1830 C. S. Rafinesque II. 22 Lobelia inflata. Names..Vulgar. Indian Tobacco, Wild Tobacco, Emetic Weed, Puke Weed. 1925 Aug. 207 For lobelia or the puke weed Bartram made such remarkable claims that the passage is quoted verbatim. 1994 J. S. Haller 41 Thomson established an alternative system of medical treatment. He depended most heavily on lobelia (his ‘pukeweed’). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pukev. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps imitative, or perhaps related to Dutch spugen to spit, to vomit (1621 as spuigen ; apparently originally a regional variant of spuwen spew v.) or German spucken to spew, spit (16th cent., originally regional (chiefly northern); compare earlier spūgen , spūchen (15th cent.); ultimately related to speien spew v.; perhaps compare Middle High German spūen , spūwen , variants of spīwen ); the vowel and the medial consonant in both the Dutch and the German forms have been variously explained. Compare slightly earlier pukishness n. Now chiefly colloquial. 1. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit 1586 (new ed.) sig. E She [sc. the hawk] puketh when she auoideth her meat out of her gorge into her bowels. 1675 D. Manly (new ed.) sig. Mmm4/1 She [sc. a hawk] puketh or putteth over, Sy geeft over. 1688 R. Holme ii. xi. 240/1 Puketh, or puteth over, is when the Hawk removeth [t]he meat from her Gorge, into her Bowels, Paunch or Belly; by transversing with her Body: she Puketh, is she cleanseth her Body. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster ii. ii. sig. D3 Ile..swear how the child pukes, and eates nothing..and lies at the mercy of God. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. vii. 144 At first the Infant, Mewling, and puking in the Nurses armes. View more context for this quotation 1691 T. Shadwell i. i. 2 You puk'd at the sight of her. 1733 A. Pope 11 As one of Woodward's Patients, sick and sore, I puke, I nauseate,—yet he thrusts in more. 1768 T. Denman 43 In the space of six hours..she puked twice and had seventeen stools. 1802 F. O'Neill 46 Even York's good Duke, At this might puke, To see it crawling o'er the platter. 1822 J. M. Good I. 566 A most debilitating sickness supervened with incessant efforts to puke. 1915 M. Cowley Let. 22 Nov. in (1988) 10 Thank god I was lost to the world before I started puking. 1970 J. Lennon in J. Wenner (1971) 12 People are living in fucking poverty with rats crawling over them... It just makes you puke. 2005 N. Laird 20 He'd chugged eight cans of McEwans on the ferry home and spent the bus journey back to Ballyglass puking into his rucksack. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 102 It helpeth them that puke vp choler. 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière ix. vii. 265 Pewking forth a thin waterish Humor by Salivation. 1689 G. Harvey iv. 19 They run no small risque of puiking their gross slimy Humours into their Lungs. 1724 J. Maubray ix. 333 The Infant in a few days after Birth, pukes up a certain Sort of viscid Phlegm. 1784 M. Underwood 204 After the child had puked up a great quantity of meconium. 1822 5 Jan. 1/4 Did a more monstrous libel ever puke its festering poison over the chaste and consecrated character of woman's exposed and insulted excellence!! 1841 G. Catlin II. liv. 181 She is bleeding from her mouth, she is puking up all her blood. 1956 S. Beckett (1959) ii. 62 I've puked my puke of a life away here, I tell you! 1992 Fall 16/2 He puked booze and bile and saliva. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit > cause to vomit 1717 D. Turner vii. 175 The Calomel. usually puked her once or twice. 1744 J. Huxham in (Royal Soc.) 41 669 I then ordered him..Eight or Ten Grains of Turbith mineral, which scarce puked him. 1823 in 536 Inoculating for the chicken pox..and puking infant radicals. a1910 ‘M. Twain’ (1923) 387 He bled him, cupped him, purged him, puked him, salivated him, never gave his system a chance to rally. 1955 S. H. Adams 302 A doctor on a passing boat bled, purged and puked him, and applied a cataplasm of bread and milk upon a wilted cabbage leaf. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
