provocationn.

Brit.

/ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English prouacion (transmission error), late Middle English prouocacioun, late Middle English prouocacyoun, late Middle English provocacioun, late Middle English–1600s prouocacion, late Middle English–1600s provocacion, 1500s prouacation, 1500s prouokacion, 1500s–1600s prouocation, 1500s– provocation, 1600s provocacon; Scottish pre-1700 prouocacione, pre-1700 prouocacioun, pre-1700 prouocation, pre-1700 prouocatione, pre-1700 prouocatioun, pre-1700 provacatioun, pre-1700 provocacioun, pre-1700 provocatioun, pre-1700 provocatioune, pre-1700 provokcation, pre-1700 prowocacion, pre-1700 prowocatioun, pre-1700 prowocatyown, pre-1700 1700s– provocation, 1800s provokshin (Shetland), 1800s provokshon (Shetland).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provocation; Latin prōvocātiōn-, prōvocātiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French provocacion, Middle French, French provocation appeal (first half of the 13th cent. in Old French), something which provokes a physiological reaction (1314) and its etymon classical Latin prōvocātiōn-, prōvocātiō action of challenging someone to a fight, appeal to a court or judge, in post-classical Latin also encouragement (Vulgate) < prōvocāt- , past participial stem of prōvocāre provoke v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan provocatio (14th cent.), Catalan provocació (1507), Spanish provocación (c1400 or earlier), Portuguese provocação (15th cent.), Italian provocazióne (14th cent.).The following senses of the French word parallel English senses, but are first attested later: action of inciting a person to a violent or reprehensible act (1549; compare sense 1), act of challenging an individual or group, inciting them to attack or respond to an attack (1569; compare sense 2), means employed by a woman to attract a man (1865; compare sense 3).

I. Senses relating to incitement.

1. The action of provoking or inciting; incitement, impulse; instigation; (also) an instance of this; an incentive, a stimulus. In later use sometimes merging with sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation

puttingOE

sleatinga1122

eggingc1200

pricking?c1225

enticement1303

movinga1382

eggmentc1386

stirring1399

instinct1412

instigationc1422

motiona1425

provocationa1425

coyingc1440

ertingc1440

tollingc1440

artation1441

incitation1477

instinction1490

inhortationc1503

stimulation1526

abetment1533

onsetting1541

provokement?1545

incitament1579

stirring?c1580

irritation1589

incitement1594

spurring1611

to give foment to1613

fomenting1615

prompturea1616

proritation1615

urgea1618

exstimulation1626

fomentation1633

instinctment1661

spurning1672

impulsing1885

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 24 Beholde wee eyþer ooþer in þe prouocacyoun [L. in prouocacionem] of charyte and of goode werkis.

c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 71 (MED) Whan he was compelled be þe prouocacion of natur to go to bed and to rest, he wold sey first certeyn Psalmes.

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 22 Preamble The Kyng of Scottis..cruell and haynous provocacions of Werre hath moeved..ayenst your Highnesse.

a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) viii. 2976 Qwhat he did agayn þat nacion, Þai made hym prowocacion.

1602 J. Clapham Hist. Eng. 56 Those common prouocations of vices, namely sumptuous Galleries, hote baths, and exquisite banquetings.

1643 T. Goodwin et al. Apol. Narration 24 We had..during this inter[i]misticall season, tentations, yea provocations enough to have drawn forth such a spirit.

1678 R. Barclay Apol. True Christian Divinity v. xi. 134 It is a constant Incitement and Provocation, and lively Incouragement to every Man, to forsake Evil.

1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 16 Those who treat you ill without provocation.

1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 112 It does not appear that wit was always the provocation to royal laughter.

1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine xii. 265 If his statements were true, he had some provocation to call them by some of the hard names which he bestowed upon them.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Aug. 3/2 [She] blushes on the smallest provocation, and has no conversation.

1958 Life 10 Nov. 18 (caption) She began diverting audiences with the act..and still goes into it at the slightest provocation.

1991 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. c18/5 Korchnoi is an aggressive counterattacker who needs no provocation to create an interesting battle [sc. in a chess game].

a. The action of provoking or exciting anger, resentment, or irritation, esp. deliberately; action, speech, etc., that provokes strong emotion; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger

wrethinga1300

wrathingc1370

tarring1382

angeringa1393

provoking?a1425

provocationc1485

bear-baiting1587

passionating1598

exasperationa1631

exangeration1631

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating

tarring1382

taryinga1400

provocationc1485

provokement1645

irritation1703

aggravation1792

chafing1845

needling1941

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxvi. 119 Euill prouocaciouns ande langagis yat may engender..debate betuix ȝow.

1539 Bible (Great) Psalms xcv. 8 Harden not youre hertes, as in y^e prouokacion.

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 38 §2 To the vtter destruction of their own soules, and the prouocacion of the terrible wrath of god.

1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 34 Then answered he, O faithlesse generation, How long shall I endure your Prouocation?

1671 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 27 May Fynes William Meikill..for his..provacatioun towards William Sproat.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 42 Suppositions,..that He must be uncapable of Offence and Provocation.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxiii. 405 He recapitulates..the intolerable provocations which they had so long endured.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xi. 276 They who jest with majesty, even in its gayest mood, are but toying with the lion's whelp, which, on slight provocation, uses both fangs and claws.

1876 W. Black Madcap Violet xvii You ought not to give way to your temper, under whatever provocation.

1897 L. A. M. A. Selby-Bigge Brit. Moralists I. 271 His provocation is not so extraordinary as to justify so violent a passion.

1934 Times 26 July 17/1 He was careful to avoid offering provocation to his enemies in the Reich.

1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. July 20/2 The overwhelming Christian population of Westphalia..could regard the appearance of Rosenberg only as an outright provocation.

b. A cause of irritation, anger, or resentment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating > cause of irritation

provocation1638

provoke1773

pet peeve1909

1638 T. Nabbes Covent Garden iii. v. 41 Your jealousie Proceeding from our better thoughts infection Hath beene a provocation.

1690 W. Lloyd Expos. Prophecy i. 25 They would not forsake the Idols of Egypt. This was such a provocation to God, that he was ready to have poured out his Fury upon them.

1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 40. ⁋1 Writing is indeed a Provocation to the Envious and an Affront to the Ignorant.

1819 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iv. 178 This complicated provocation A hoard of grievances unsealed.

1878 T. L. Cuyler Pointed Papers 170 A most irritating provocation is thrown like a torpedo at our feet.

1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 77/2 Bookings..are provocations in themselves, but basically the vandal element needs no encouragement.

1992 Canad. Fiction Mag. No. 80. 23 He concealed the good teeth which he knew would be nothing more than a provocation to the many goons in the league.

c. Law. Action or speech held to be likely to incite (esp. physical) retaliation; an instance of this.In a court case, demonstration that provocation caused a defendant to lose self-control (if it was such that any reasonable person might do so) may reduce a murder charge to manslaughter.

ΚΠ

a1671 J. Kelyng Rep. Cases Pleas of Crown (1708) 131 It was Murder in A. for the affronting him in that manner was not any provocation to B. to use that violence to A.

1766 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. IV. 17 Where a Man kills another upon a reasonable Provocation given, it will be only Manslaughter.

1854 Amer. Law Reg. 2 765 Intentional killing is not necessarily murder. For it may be from a principle of inevitable necessity; and then it will be self-defence; it may be done in the transport of passion and heat of blood upon a sudden and sufficient legal provocation; and then it will be manslaughter only.

1895 Times 25 Apr. 14/4 The parties were not living together when the alleged insults were offered, and, therefore, there was less danger of a provocation leading to violence.

1904 C. H. Tredgold Handbk. Colonial Criminal Law 36 399 Killing, which would otherwise be murder, is culpable homicide if the act causing death is done in the heat of passion, caused by provocation.

1946 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 36 399 Substantial mitigation most frequently arises under the so-called ‘rule of provocation’—to be considered in connection with manslaughter.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) viii. 173 The supposedly gender-neutral law in relation to provocation based upon a sudden and temporary loss of self-control in the face of provoking words or actions, seemed to fail women who reacted not to one provoking act but the slow burn of cumulative abuse.

3. The action of arousing sexual desire or interest, esp. deliberately; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1658 Mercurius Politicus No. 422. 644 He..should become fondly enamourd of a young Lady, and grow so extravagant in that passion, as to attempt a reparation to the decays of nature by artificial provocations.]

1857 J. W. Howe World's Own ii. x. 62 The pretty dears are deep in provocation. The very germ of womanhood 's a hook With a bait on it.

1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. ii. xiv. 23 An engraving of a Greuze picture—a girl's face turned over her shoulder, the hair waving about her temples, the lips parted, the teeth gleaming mirth and provocation and tender yielding in every line.

1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square xv. 273 Florrie, a brilliant blonde, a little ‘past it’, dressed up to the nines, openly ogling him, full of arch provocation.

1963 Daily Mail 16 Feb. 6/7 The bunny costumes with their stylised unreality somehow defuse the provocation of the dress.

2004 Daily Tel. 28 July 16/2 The adults are a brusquely sexualised ruling class, whose rutting dances in black cocktailwear offer an obvious provocation to innocent young lovers.

4. Medicine. The eliciting of a physiological or pathological response, esp. an immune response; spec. the deliberate eliciting of a response as a diagnostic procedure (cf. provocation test n. at Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test

pneobiomantia1846

blood test1851

drug test1863

Romberg test1872

Rinne1881

Romberg's sign1884

tuberculin test1892

guaiac test1894

agglutination1896

percolation test1899

Pirquet test1908

skin test1908

Wassermann1909

Romberg1915

Pandy('s) test1916

glucose tolerance test1917

Kolmer1921

patch test1922

skin testing1923

provocation1924

Kolmer–Wassermann1925

Queckenstedt1928

Kline1929

Prausnitz–Küstner1929

cross-match1930

Mantoux test1931

paraffin test1935

Paul–Bunnell test1935

stress test1937

Burpee test1939

lepromin test1939

patch testing1941

pinprick1941

breath test1945

provocation test1948

protamine titration1949

Coombs test1950

smear test1950

Schilling test1955

tanned-(red-)cell1956

amniocentesis1958

Pap smear1963

Pap test1963

drugs test1967

Schultz–Charlton1974

amnio1984

cross-matching-

1924 Lancet 14 June 1226/1 The possibilities of the production and provocation of non-specific means of defence [against bacterial infection].

1938 Lancet 22 Jan. 183/2 There is an extensive literature dealing with the occurrence of ‘provocation typhoid’—the onset of the disease so soon after antityphoid vaccination as to suggest a relation of cause and effect.

1952 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 79 (title) Suppressive action of HN2 on antigen-antibody provocation.

1954 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 40 422 The Rh-negative daughters of Rh-negative women..are more likely to develop antibody on slight provocation.

2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 2622/2 All individuals were screened by..methacholine provocation to establish reactivity.

II. Senses relating to invocation.

5. The action of invoking the office of a court or judge; esp. the action of appealing to a higher ecclesiastical court against a judgement; an appeal. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > appeal

provocation1426

recusation?1530

the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > invocation or appeal > to a higher authority

provocation1604

1426 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 6 I made an appell and a procuracie and also a prouocacion at London.

1466 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 323 (MED) The saide Maister John himselfe..yerly to make a provocacion for the Maire, Baylyffes, and cominalte of the said citte agaynes cursyng, suspendyng, other interdyctyn wrongfully.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §6 There to be diffinitiuely..adiudged..without any appelacion or prouocacion to any other..courte.

1604 R. Parsons 3rd Pt. Treat. Conuersions in Treat. Three Conuersions Eng. II. viii. 434 This insolent bragg and prouocation to scripture by these artificers.

1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation I. ii. 78 The Queen..did protest at the said day, putting in Libels, Recusatories of the Judges; and also made a provocation, alledging the Cause to be avoked by the Pope's Holiness.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 72 I shall define such an Appeal to be a Provocation from an Inferiour to a Superiour Judge.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 72 A Provocation is every Act whereby the Office of the Judge or his Assistance is ask'd and implor'd.

1894 Mrs. Hope First Divorce Henry VIII 337 Bonner repeated his protest, and presented Henry's ‘provocation’.

1958 Speculum 33 398 Apparently the prior and convent first made a provocation against the threatened grievance, followed by a direct appeal to York and in default of it to Rome.

†6. The action of challenging someone to fight; a challenge, a defiance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to

appeala1450

provocation1484

challenge1530

defya1586

gagea1592

dare1594

defiance1597

society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to > act of challenging

defyingc1300

defiancec1430

defialc1470

provocation1484

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ix The frensshman prouoked the Janueye to bataylle... The Januey accepted the prouocacion & came in the day assigned in to the felde.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxiiii. f. xxiii^v By meanes of prouocacion on eyther party vsed, lastly the Romaynes Issued oute of the Cytie and gaue Batayl to the Brytons.

1604 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 383 And the resavar of the cartell that acceptis the provocatioun salbe under the lyk paine.

1610 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1889) 1st Ser. IX. 1 The mutuall challangeis and provacatioun of combatt past betuix thame.

7. The action or an act of calling, inviting, or summoning a person; invitation, summons. Now rare except as merged with sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning

lathingc897

summonc1330

summoningc1375

summonds1385

calla1400

summation?1473

citing1485

sanda1513

whistlea1529

provocation1542

evocation1575

bidding1810

biddance1836

whip1879

1542 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 12 May (1933) 94 And soo we camme togyther rather of his provocacion thenne of myn.

1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. C j God..Whose callyng & prouocacion, we haue & will followe, to the beste of oure powers.

a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) xiii. 97 Following the prouocation of the Prophete, whiche calleth men to the consideration of God's mercie by this call.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. i. 4 I daily expected..a card to drink tea with Misses Fairscribe, or a provocation to breakfast, at least, with my hospitable friend.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 116 The sudden light that leapt At the first word's provocation, from the heart-deeps where it slept.

Compounds

provocation test n. Medicine a diagnostic test performed to elicit a particular physiological or pathological response, typically involving the administration of a drug or other physiologically active substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test

pneobiomantia1846

blood test1851

drug test1863

Romberg test1872

Rinne1881

Romberg's sign1884

tuberculin test1892

guaiac test1894

agglutination1896

percolation test1899

Pirquet test1908

skin test1908

Wassermann1909

Romberg1915

Pandy('s) test1916

glucose tolerance test1917

Kolmer1921

patch test1922

skin testing1923

provocation1924

Kolmer–Wassermann1925

Queckenstedt1928

Kline1929

Prausnitz–Küstner1929

cross-match1930

Mantoux test1931

paraffin test1935

Paul–Bunnell test1935

stress test1937

Burpee test1939

lepromin test1939

patch testing1941

pinprick1941

breath test1945

provocation test1948

protamine titration1949

Coombs test1950

smear test1950

Schilling test1955

tanned-(red-)cell1956

amniocentesis1958

Pap smear1963

Pap test1963

drugs test1967

Schultz–Charlton1974

amnio1984

cross-matching-

1948 Acta Allergologica 1 162 A negative provocation test should not be credited with decisive significance.

1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1466/2 On Oct. 12, 1965, patient was anæsthetized with halothane for a few minutes as a provocation test.

1993 Gut 34 1047 Patients with positive bile provocation tests did not show any significant difference in the duration of reflux compared with those with a negative provocation test.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	provocation
释义	provocationn. Brit. /ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English prouacion (transmission error), late Middle English prouocacioun, late Middle English prouocacyoun, late Middle English provocacioun, late Middle English–1600s prouocacion, late Middle English–1600s provocacion, 1500s prouacation, 1500s prouokacion, 1500s–1600s prouocation, 1500s– provocation, 1600s provocacon; Scottish pre-1700 prouocacione, pre-1700 prouocacioun, pre-1700 prouocation, pre-1700 prouocatione, pre-1700 prouocatioun, pre-1700 provacatioun, pre-1700 provocacioun, pre-1700 provocatioun, pre-1700 provocatioune, pre-1700 provokcation, pre-1700 prowocacion, pre-1700 prowocatioun, pre-1700 prowocatyown, pre-1700 1700s– provocation, 1800s provokshin (Shetland), 1800s provokshon (Shetland). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provocation; Latin prōvocātiōn-, prōvocātiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French provocacion, Middle French, French provocation appeal (first half of the 13th cent. in Old French), something which provokes a physiological reaction (1314) and its etymon classical Latin prōvocātiōn-, prōvocātiō action of challenging someone to a fight, appeal to a court or judge, in post-classical Latin also encouragement (Vulgate) < prōvocāt- , past participial stem of prōvocāre provoke v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan provocatio (14th cent.), Catalan provocació (1507), Spanish provocación (c1400 or earlier), Portuguese provocação (15th cent.), Italian provocazióne (14th cent.).The following senses of the French word parallel English senses, but are first attested later: action of inciting a person to a violent or reprehensible act (1549; compare sense 1), act of challenging an individual or group, inciting them to attack or respond to an attack (1569; compare sense 2), means employed by a woman to attract a man (1865; compare sense 3). I. Senses relating to incitement. 1. The action of provoking or inciting; incitement, impulse; instigation; (also) an instance of this; an incentive, a stimulus. In later use sometimes merging with sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation puttingOE sleatinga1122 eggingc1200 pricking?c1225 enticement1303 movinga1382 eggmentc1386 stirring1399 instinct1412 instigationc1422 motiona1425 provocationa1425 coyingc1440 ertingc1440 tollingc1440 artation1441 incitation1477 instinction1490 inhortationc1503 stimulation1526 abetment1533 onsetting1541 provokement?1545 incitament1579 stirring?c1580 irritation1589 incitement1594 spurring1611 to give foment to1613 fomenting1615 prompturea1616 proritation1615 urgea1618 exstimulation1626 fomentation1633 instinctment1661 spurning1672 impulsing1885 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 24 Beholde wee eyþer ooþer in þe prouocacyoun [L. in prouocacionem] of charyte and of goode werkis. c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 71 (MED) Whan he was compelled be þe prouocacion of natur to go to bed and to rest, he wold sey first certeyn Psalmes. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 22 Preamble The Kyng of Scottis..cruell and haynous provocacions of Werre hath moeved..ayenst your Highnesse. a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) viii. 2976 Qwhat he did agayn þat nacion, Þai made hym prowocacion. 1602 J. Clapham Hist. Eng. 56 Those common prouocations of vices, namely sumptuous Galleries, hote baths, and exquisite banquetings. 1643 T. Goodwin et al. Apol. Narration 24 We had..during this inter[i]misticall season, tentations, yea provocations enough to have drawn forth such a spirit. 1678 R. Barclay Apol. True Christian Divinity v. xi. 134 It is a constant Incitement and Provocation, and lively Incouragement to every Man, to forsake Evil. 1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 16 Those who treat you ill without provocation. 1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 112 It does not appear that wit was always the provocation to royal laughter. 1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine xii. 265 If his statements were true, he had some provocation to call them by some of the hard names which he bestowed upon them. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Aug. 3/2 [She] blushes on the smallest provocation, and has no conversation. 1958 Life 10 Nov. 18 (caption) She began diverting audiences with the act..and still goes into it at the slightest provocation. 1991 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. c18/5 Korchnoi is an aggressive counterattacker who needs no provocation to create an interesting battle [sc. in a chess game]. 2. a. The action of provoking or exciting anger, resentment, or irritation, esp. deliberately; action, speech, etc., that provokes strong emotion; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger wrethinga1300 wrathingc1370 tarring1382 angeringa1393 provoking?a1425 provocationc1485 bear-baiting1587 passionating1598 exasperationa1631 exangeration1631 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating tarring1382 taryinga1400 provocationc1485 provokement1645 irritation1703 aggravation1792 chafing1845 needling1941 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxvi. 119 Euill prouocaciouns ande langagis yat may engender..debate betuix ȝow. 1539 Bible (Great) Psalms xcv. 8 Harden not youre hertes, as in y^e prouokacion. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 38 §2 To the vtter destruction of their own soules, and the prouocacion of the terrible wrath of god. 1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 34 Then answered he, O faithlesse generation, How long shall I endure your Prouocation? 1671 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 27 May Fynes William Meikill..for his..provacatioun towards William Sproat. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 42 Suppositions,..that He must be uncapable of Offence and Provocation. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxiii. 405 He recapitulates..the intolerable provocations which they had so long endured. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xi. 276 They who jest with majesty, even in its gayest mood, are but toying with the lion's whelp, which, on slight provocation, uses both fangs and claws. 1876 W. Black Madcap Violet xvii You ought not to give way to your temper, under whatever provocation. 1897 L. A. M. A. Selby-Bigge Brit. Moralists I. 271 His provocation is not so extraordinary as to justify so violent a passion. 1934 Times 26 July 17/1 He was careful to avoid offering provocation to his enemies in the Reich. 1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. July 20/2 The overwhelming Christian population of Westphalia..could regard the appearance of Rosenberg only as an outright provocation. b. A cause of irritation, anger, or resentment. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating > cause of irritation provocation1638 provoke1773 pet peeve1909 1638 T. Nabbes Covent Garden iii. v. 41 Your jealousie Proceeding from our better thoughts infection Hath beene a provocation. 1690 W. Lloyd Expos. Prophecy i. 25 They would not forsake the Idols of Egypt. This was such a provocation to God, that he was ready to have poured out his Fury upon them. 1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 40. ⁋1 Writing is indeed a Provocation to the Envious and an Affront to the Ignorant. 1819 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iv. 178 This complicated provocation A hoard of grievances unsealed. 1878 T. L. Cuyler Pointed Papers 170 A most irritating provocation is thrown like a torpedo at our feet. 1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 77/2 Bookings..are provocations in themselves, but basically the vandal element needs no encouragement. 1992 Canad. Fiction Mag. No. 80. 23 He concealed the good teeth which he knew would be nothing more than a provocation to the many goons in the league. c. Law. Action or speech held to be likely to incite (esp. physical) retaliation; an instance of this.In a court case, demonstration that provocation caused a defendant to lose self-control (if it was such that any reasonable person might do so) may reduce a murder charge to manslaughter. ΚΠ a1671 J. Kelyng Rep. Cases Pleas of Crown (1708) 131 It was Murder in A. for the affronting him in that manner was not any provocation to B. to use that violence to A. 1766 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. IV. 17 Where a Man kills another upon a reasonable Provocation given, it will be only Manslaughter. 1854 Amer. Law Reg. 2 765 Intentional killing is not necessarily murder. For it may be from a principle of inevitable necessity; and then it will be self-defence; it may be done in the transport of passion and heat of blood upon a sudden and sufficient legal provocation; and then it will be manslaughter only. 1895 Times 25 Apr. 14/4 The parties were not living together when the alleged insults were offered, and, therefore, there was less danger of a provocation leading to violence. 1904 C. H. Tredgold Handbk. Colonial Criminal Law 36 399 Killing, which would otherwise be murder, is culpable homicide if the act causing death is done in the heat of passion, caused by provocation. 1946 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 36 399 Substantial mitigation most frequently arises under the so-called ‘rule of provocation’—to be considered in connection with manslaughter. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) viii. 173 The supposedly gender-neutral law in relation to provocation based upon a sudden and temporary loss of self-control in the face of provoking words or actions, seemed to fail women who reacted not to one provoking act but the slow burn of cumulative abuse. 3. The action of arousing sexual desire or interest, esp. deliberately; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1658 Mercurius Politicus No. 422. 644 He..should become fondly enamourd of a young Lady, and grow so extravagant in that passion, as to attempt a reparation to the decays of nature by artificial provocations.] 1857 J. W. Howe World's Own ii. x. 62 The pretty dears are deep in provocation. The very germ of womanhood 's a hook With a bait on it. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. ii. xiv. 23 An engraving of a Greuze picture—a girl's face turned over her shoulder, the hair waving about her temples, the lips parted, the teeth gleaming mirth and provocation and tender yielding in every line. 1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square xv. 273 Florrie, a brilliant blonde, a little ‘past it’, dressed up to the nines, openly ogling him, full of arch provocation. 1963 Daily Mail 16 Feb. 6/7 The bunny costumes with their stylised unreality somehow defuse the provocation of the dress. 2004 Daily Tel. 28 July 16/2 The adults are a brusquely sexualised ruling class, whose rutting dances in black cocktailwear offer an obvious provocation to innocent young lovers. 4. Medicine. The eliciting of a physiological or pathological response, esp. an immune response; spec. the deliberate eliciting of a response as a diagnostic procedure (cf. provocation test n. at Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test pneobiomantia1846 blood test1851 drug test1863 Romberg test1872 Rinne1881 Romberg's sign1884 tuberculin test1892 guaiac test1894 agglutination1896 percolation test1899 Pirquet test1908 skin test1908 Wassermann1909 Romberg1915 Pandy('s) test1916 glucose tolerance test1917 Kolmer1921 patch test1922 skin testing1923 provocation1924 Kolmer–Wassermann1925 Queckenstedt1928 Kline1929 Prausnitz–Küstner1929 cross-match1930 Mantoux test1931 paraffin test1935 Paul–Bunnell test1935 stress test1937 Burpee test1939 lepromin test1939 patch testing1941 pinprick1941 breath test1945 provocation test1948 protamine titration1949 Coombs test1950 smear test1950 Schilling test1955 tanned-(red-)cell1956 amniocentesis1958 Pap smear1963 Pap test1963 drugs test1967 Schultz–Charlton1974 amnio1984 cross-matching- 1924 Lancet 14 June 1226/1 The possibilities of the production and provocation of non-specific means of defence [against bacterial infection]. 1938 Lancet 22 Jan. 183/2 There is an extensive literature dealing with the occurrence of ‘provocation typhoid’—the onset of the disease so soon after antityphoid vaccination as to suggest a relation of cause and effect. 1952 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 79 (title) Suppressive action of HN2 on antigen-antibody provocation. 1954 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 40 422 The Rh-negative daughters of Rh-negative women..are more likely to develop antibody on slight provocation. 2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 2622/2 All individuals were screened by..methacholine provocation to establish reactivity. II. Senses relating to invocation. 5. The action of invoking the office of a court or judge; esp. the action of appealing to a higher ecclesiastical court against a judgement; an appeal. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > appeal provocation1426 recusation?1530 the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > invocation or appeal > to a higher authority provocation1604 1426 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 6 I made an appell and a procuracie and also a prouocacion at London. 1466 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 323 (MED) The saide Maister John himselfe..yerly to make a provocacion for the Maire, Baylyffes, and cominalte of the said citte agaynes cursyng, suspendyng, other interdyctyn wrongfully. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §6 There to be diffinitiuely..adiudged..without any appelacion or prouocacion to any other..courte. 1604 R. Parsons 3rd Pt. Treat. Conuersions in Treat. Three Conuersions Eng. II. viii. 434 This insolent bragg and prouocation to scripture by these artificers. 1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation I. ii. 78 The Queen..did protest at the said day, putting in Libels, Recusatories of the Judges; and also made a provocation, alledging the Cause to be avoked by the Pope's Holiness. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 72 I shall define such an Appeal to be a Provocation from an Inferiour to a Superiour Judge. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 72 A Provocation is every Act whereby the Office of the Judge or his Assistance is ask'd and implor'd. 1894 Mrs. Hope First Divorce Henry VIII 337 Bonner repeated his protest, and presented Henry's ‘provocation’. 1958 Speculum 33 398 Apparently the prior and convent first made a provocation against the threatened grievance, followed by a direct appeal to York and in default of it to Rome. †6. The action of challenging someone to fight; a challenge, a defiance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to appeala1450 provocation1484 challenge1530 defya1586 gagea1592 dare1594 defiance1597 society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to > act of challenging defyingc1300 defiancec1430 defialc1470 provocation1484 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ix The frensshman prouoked the Janueye to bataylle... The Januey accepted the prouocacion & came in the day assigned in to the felde. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxiiii. f. xxiii^v By meanes of prouocacion on eyther party vsed, lastly the Romaynes Issued oute of the Cytie and gaue Batayl to the Brytons. 1604 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 383 And the resavar of the cartell that acceptis the provocatioun salbe under the lyk paine. 1610 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1889) 1st Ser. IX. 1 The mutuall challangeis and provacatioun of combatt past betuix thame. 7. The action or an act of calling, inviting, or summoning a person; invitation, summons. Now rare except as merged with sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning lathingc897 summonc1330 summoningc1375 summonds1385 calla1400 summation?1473 citing1485 sanda1513 whistlea1529 provocation1542 evocation1575 bidding1810 biddance1836 whip1879 1542 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 12 May (1933) 94 And soo we camme togyther rather of his provocacion thenne of myn. 1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. C j God..Whose callyng & prouocacion, we haue & will followe, to the beste of oure powers. a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) xiii. 97 Following the prouocation of the Prophete, whiche calleth men to the consideration of God's mercie by this call. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. i. 4 I daily expected..a card to drink tea with Misses Fairscribe, or a provocation to breakfast, at least, with my hospitable friend. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 116 The sudden light that leapt At the first word's provocation, from the heart-deeps where it slept. Compounds provocation test n. Medicine a diagnostic test performed to elicit a particular physiological or pathological response, typically involving the administration of a drug or other physiologically active substance. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test pneobiomantia1846 blood test1851 drug test1863 Romberg test1872 Rinne1881 Romberg's sign1884 tuberculin test1892 guaiac test1894 agglutination1896 percolation test1899 Pirquet test1908 skin test1908 Wassermann1909 Romberg1915 Pandy('s) test1916 glucose tolerance test1917 Kolmer1921 patch test1922 skin testing1923 provocation1924 Kolmer–Wassermann1925 Queckenstedt1928 Kline1929 Prausnitz–Küstner1929 cross-match1930 Mantoux test1931 paraffin test1935 Paul–Bunnell test1935 stress test1937 Burpee test1939 lepromin test1939 patch testing1941 pinprick1941 breath test1945 provocation test1948 protamine titration1949 Coombs test1950 smear test1950 Schilling test1955 tanned-(red-)cell1956 amniocentesis1958 Pap smear1963 Pap test1963 drugs test1967 Schultz–Charlton1974 amnio1984 cross-matching- 1948 Acta Allergologica 1 162 A negative provocation test should not be credited with decisive significance. 1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1466/2 On Oct. 12, 1965, patient was anæsthetized with halothane for a few minutes as a provocation test. 1993 Gut 34 1047 Patients with positive bile provocation tests did not show any significant difference in the duration of reflux compared with those with a negative provocation test. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1425
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