pulkn.¹

Brit.

/pʌlk/, U.S.

/pəlk/

Forms:

α. Middle English polk, Middle English 1800s– polke.

β. Middle English 1600s 1900s– pulke, Middle English 1600s– pulk, 1600s pulck.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pool n.¹, an element of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Apparently < pool n.¹ + a second element of uncertain origin; perhaps compare -ock suffix (perhaps compare also chink n.² and discussion at that entry). In β. forms apparently showing shortening in inflected forms; derivation from pull , variant of pill n.¹ would not accord well with the regional distribution of the forms.

Now English regional (East Anglian).

A small pool, especially of standing water; a small pond or water-pit; a shallow well or tank; a puddle, a plash; a small lake.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > small

pulkc1300

tarnc1400

lochan1682

lakelet1796

mountain tarn1802

étanga1855

lochlet1860

lougheen1882

the world > the earth > water > lake > small body or puddle > [noun]

plashlOE

pulkc1300

pludc1325

puddlec1390

sumpa1450

flush1487

dub?a1513

plashet1575

pool1596

slab1610

pudge1671

flodge1696

pant1807

pothole1867

push1886

splashet1896

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well

water piteOE

wellOE

pitOE

pulkc1300

draw-wellc1410

draught-wellc1440

winchc1440

brine-well1594

salt spring1601

sump1680

pump well1699

spout-well1710

sump hole1754

pit-well1756

sink1804

bucket-well1813

artesian well1829

shallow well1877

dip-well1894

garland-well1897

village pump1925

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2685 (MED) On þe feld was neuere a polk [rhyme folk] þat it ne stod of blod so ful þat þe strem ran intil þe hul.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2865 (MED) Her hors a polk stap in; Þe water her wat ay whare.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 6226 (MED) Eche stede stod ful, bothe plasch & polk, Of mennes blode that died there.

c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 162 (MED) Todys or snakys haue delyte to abyde in..polkys and al-stondyng watrys.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 842 It is easie for a woman to goe to a pond or pulke standing neare to her doore.

1678 Coll. Connecticut Hist. Soc. (1897) VI. 186 The Highway..very chargeable to mayntayne by reason of swamps pulcks & Hoales that lye in the sd Highway.

a1765 F. Blomefield & C. Parkin Ess. Topogr. Hist. Norfolk (1769) III. 271 A Pulk, is a small Pond or Hole of standing Water.

1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell cv. 30 The..buoy..Was pixy-led into a pulk.

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads (1884) i. 7 In the little ‘pulks’ or miniature Broads, which everywhere open off the river, are lilies..in dazzling abundance.

1950 J. W. Day Marshland Adventure iii. 39 The reedy bays and hidden pulks of Martham Broad.

1988 K. Crossley-Holland Poems from E. Anglia (1997) 55 Dark tide fills the winking pulks, Floods the mud-canyons.

Compounds

pulk-hole.

ΚΠ

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) at Pulk Otherwise a pulk-hole, a shallow place containing water.

1887 A. Jessopp Arcady 55 The turf in the pulk hole or bog lands.

1951 Jrnl. Ecol. 39 167 The pulk-holes are obviously residual pools left by adjacent vegetation encroaching on a broad.

1999 R. Malster Mardler's Compan. 59/2 Pulk or pulkhole, in Norfolk, a small pool or marsh pond, or an inlet among the reedbeds on the margin of a river or broad. In Suffolk, a small pond used for domestic water supply to a nearby dwelling.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† pulkn.²

Forms: 1500s pulke.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps compare bulk n.², but the semantic connection is not close.

English regional (northern). Obsolete.

A chest of drawers; a bureau.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > chest of drawers > [noun]

pulk1577

case1674

chest of drawers1677

drawers1699

bureau1722

1577 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 415 A pulke of mazer xxvj^s viij^d.

1590 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 197 Myne uncle Barker's debt book, lyeinge in..a dresser ther, the key whereof is in a pulke in the perlor.

1596 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 297 (note) The standinge pulke in the hall.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

pulkn.³

Brit.

/pʊlk/, U.S.

/pʊlk/

Forms: 1700s– pulk, 1800s– polk.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Polish. Partly a borrowing from Russian. Etymons: Polish pułk; Russian polk.

Etymology: < Polish pułk regiment (16th cent.; formerly also połk) and its etymon Russian polk regiment, army < the Germanic base of folk n. Compare French pulk (1839), German Pulk, †Polk (18th cent. or earlier; now chiefly in the senses ‘tanks or planes in loose formation’, ‘crowd of people, esp. when moving’), Swedish pulk (1711). N.E.D. (1909) enters this under pulk, polk and gives the pronunciation as (pɒlk, pǫlk) /pʌlk/, /pɒlk/.

A regiment of Cossacks. Also in extended use. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > regiment > regiment of Cossacks

pulk1787

1787 Berwick Museum III. 476 Eighteen pulks of Cossacks are approaching near Cherson.

1791 St. Papers in Ann. Reg. 198/2 It is permitted to all citizens to serve in the army in any regiment or pulk.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 302 Two pulks of cossacks, each pulk consisting of 500 men.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Contrib. to Punch in Wks. (1886) XXIV. 195 Now charging a pulk of Chartists.

1861 W. H. Russell in Times 22 Oct. 6/5 A squadron of cavalry..whose saddlery accoutrements..and uniforms would not be tolerated in a polk of Cossacks of the Black Sea.

1985 A. Seaton Horsemen of Steppes v. 108 The regiment was known by the Russian description of polk,..and was commanded by a colonel.

2003 L. Spring Cossacks 1799–1815 13 Regiments of Pulks were..divided into between five and ten squadrons.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pulkn.⁴

Brit.

/pʌlk/, U.S.

/pəlk/

Origin: A borrowing from Norwegian. Etymon: Norwegian pulk.

Etymology: < Norwegian pulk < Saami pulkke pulka n. Compare Swedish †pulk (1837), variant of pulka (1672). Compare earlier pulka n.

= pulka n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > for transport of people

sled1590

sledge1617

traineau1653

sleigh1703

pulka1746

booby-hutch1766

Tom Pung1799

cutter1803

pung1804

kibitka1806

booby-hack1820

pulk1831

booby1841

sleigh-cutter1846

clipper-sled1883

1831 W. E. Parry Three Voy. for Disc. North-West Passage V. 108 With a simple collar of skin round his [sc. a reindeer's] neck, a single trace of the same material attached to the ‘pulk’, or sledge.

1854 E. J. Morris tr. T. Mügge Afraja 91 ‘And what..has driven you through the winter's snow to Lyngenfiord?’ exclaimed the astonished merchant. ‘You must have had a fearful journey. Where are your sleighs and your Pulks?’

1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis I. 108 The sleigh would capsize quicker than the Pulk.

1913 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 798/1 The Lapland sledge, or pulk, as it is called, is shaped something like a boat.

1974 Canad. Consumer Feb. 11/1 A special accessory for family enjoyment is the Norwegian ‘pulk’ (sled) with a rigid harness for a man or dog to tow even babies along. The pulk..is boatshaped, so that it will not tip on bumpy ground.

2006 Northern Echo (Nexis) 19 Jan. 8 Added to these pressures is the necessity for the two men to carry all food, fuel and equipment in their pulks (sledges).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1300

n.²1577

n.³1787

n.⁴1831

单词	pulk
释义	pulkn.¹ Brit. /pʌlk/, U.S. /pəlk/ Forms: α. Middle English polk, Middle English 1800s– polke. β. Middle English 1600s 1900s– pulke, Middle English 1600s– pulk, 1600s pulck. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pool n.¹, an element of uncertain origin. Etymology: Apparently < pool n.¹ + a second element of uncertain origin; perhaps compare -ock suffix (perhaps compare also chink n.² and discussion at that entry). In β. forms apparently showing shortening in inflected forms; derivation from pull , variant of pill n.¹ would not accord well with the regional distribution of the forms. Now English regional (East Anglian). A small pool, especially of standing water; a small pond or water-pit; a shallow well or tank; a puddle, a plash; a small lake. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > small pulkc1300 tarnc1400 lochan1682 lakelet1796 mountain tarn1802 étanga1855 lochlet1860 lougheen1882 the world > the earth > water > lake > small body or puddle > [noun] plashlOE pulkc1300 pludc1325 puddlec1390 sumpa1450 flush1487 dub?a1513 plashet1575 pool1596 slab1610 pudge1671 flodge1696 pant1807 pothole1867 push1886 splashet1896 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well water piteOE wellOE pitOE pulkc1300 draw-wellc1410 draught-wellc1440 winchc1440 brine-well1594 salt spring1601 sump1680 pump well1699 spout-well1710 sump hole1754 pit-well1756 sink1804 bucket-well1813 artesian well1829 shallow well1877 dip-well1894 garland-well1897 village pump1925 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2685 (MED) On þe feld was neuere a polk [rhyme folk] þat it ne stod of blod so ful þat þe strem ran intil þe hul. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2865 (MED) Her hors a polk stap in; Þe water her wat ay whare. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 6226 (MED) Eche stede stod ful, bothe plasch & polk, Of mennes blode that died there. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 162 (MED) Todys or snakys haue delyte to abyde in..polkys and al-stondyng watrys. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 842 It is easie for a woman to goe to a pond or pulke standing neare to her doore. 1678 Coll. Connecticut Hist. Soc. (1897) VI. 186 The Highway..very chargeable to mayntayne by reason of swamps pulcks & Hoales that lye in the sd Highway. a1765 F. Blomefield & C. Parkin Ess. Topogr. Hist. Norfolk (1769) III. 271 A Pulk, is a small Pond or Hole of standing Water. 1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell cv. 30 The..buoy..Was pixy-led into a pulk. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads (1884) i. 7 In the little ‘pulks’ or miniature Broads, which everywhere open off the river, are lilies..in dazzling abundance. 1950 J. W. Day Marshland Adventure iii. 39 The reedy bays and hidden pulks of Martham Broad. 1988 K. Crossley-Holland Poems from E. Anglia (1997) 55 Dark tide fills the winking pulks, Floods the mud-canyons. Compounds pulk-hole. ΚΠ a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) at Pulk Otherwise a pulk-hole, a shallow place containing water. 1887 A. Jessopp Arcady 55 The turf in the pulk hole or bog lands. 1951 Jrnl. Ecol. 39 167 The pulk-holes are obviously residual pools left by adjacent vegetation encroaching on a broad. 1999 R. Malster Mardler's Compan. 59/2 Pulk or pulkhole, in Norfolk, a small pool or marsh pond, or an inlet among the reedbeds on the margin of a river or broad. In Suffolk, a small pond used for domestic water supply to a nearby dwelling. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pulkn.² Forms: 1500s pulke. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps compare bulk n.², but the semantic connection is not close. English regional (northern). Obsolete. A chest of drawers; a bureau. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > chest of drawers > [noun] pulk1577 case1674 chest of drawers1677 drawers1699 bureau1722 1577 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 415 A pulke of mazer xxvj^s viij^d. 1590 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 197 Myne uncle Barker's debt book, lyeinge in..a dresser ther, the key whereof is in a pulke in the perlor. 1596 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 297 (note) The standinge pulke in the hall. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pulkn.³ Brit. /pʊlk/, U.S. /pʊlk/ Forms: 1700s– pulk, 1800s– polk. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Polish. Partly a borrowing from Russian. Etymons: Polish pułk; Russian polk. Etymology: < Polish pułk regiment (16th cent.; formerly also połk) and its etymon Russian polk regiment, army < the Germanic base of folk n. Compare French pulk (1839), German Pulk, †Polk (18th cent. or earlier; now chiefly in the senses ‘tanks or planes in loose formation’, ‘crowd of people, esp. when moving’), Swedish pulk (1711). N.E.D. (1909) enters this under pulk, polk and gives the pronunciation as (pɒlk, pǫlk) /pʌlk/, /pɒlk/. A regiment of Cossacks. Also in extended use. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > regiment > regiment of Cossacks pulk1787 1787 Berwick Museum III. 476 Eighteen pulks of Cossacks are approaching near Cherson. 1791 St. Papers in Ann. Reg. 198/2 It is permitted to all citizens to serve in the army in any regiment or pulk. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 302 Two pulks of cossacks, each pulk consisting of 500 men. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Contrib. to Punch in Wks. (1886) XXIV. 195 Now charging a pulk of Chartists. 1861 W. H. Russell in Times 22 Oct. 6/5 A squadron of cavalry..whose saddlery accoutrements..and uniforms would not be tolerated in a polk of Cossacks of the Black Sea. 1985 A. Seaton Horsemen of Steppes v. 108 The regiment was known by the Russian description of polk,..and was commanded by a colonel. 2003 L. Spring Cossacks 1799–1815 13 Regiments of Pulks were..divided into between five and ten squadrons. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pulkn.⁴ Brit. /pʌlk/, U.S. /pəlk/ Origin: A borrowing from Norwegian. Etymon: Norwegian pulk. Etymology: < Norwegian pulk < Saami pulkke pulka n. Compare Swedish †pulk (1837), variant of pulka (1672). Compare earlier pulka n. = pulka n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > for transport of people sled1590 sledge1617 traineau1653 sleigh1703 pulka1746 booby-hutch1766 Tom Pung1799 cutter1803 pung1804 kibitka1806 booby-hack1820 pulk1831 booby1841 sleigh-cutter1846 clipper-sled1883 1831 W. E. Parry Three Voy. for Disc. North-West Passage V. 108 With a simple collar of skin round his [sc. a reindeer's] neck, a single trace of the same material attached to the ‘pulk’, or sledge. 1854 E. J. Morris tr. T. Mügge Afraja 91 ‘And what..has driven you through the winter's snow to Lyngenfiord?’ exclaimed the astonished merchant. ‘You must have had a fearful journey. Where are your sleighs and your Pulks?’ 1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis I. 108 The sleigh would capsize quicker than the Pulk. 1913 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 798/1 The Lapland sledge, or pulk, as it is called, is shaped something like a boat. 1974 Canad. Consumer Feb. 11/1 A special accessory for family enjoyment is the Norwegian ‘pulk’ (sled) with a rigid harness for a man or dog to tow even babies along. The pulk..is boatshaped, so that it will not tip on bumpy ground. 2006 Northern Echo (Nexis) 19 Jan. 8 Added to these pressures is the necessity for the two men to carry all food, fuel and equipment in their pulks (sledges). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1300n.²1577n.³1787n.⁴1831
随便看	smelting smelting bellows smelting fire smelting mill smelting-furnace smelting-hearth smelting-house smeltingfurnace smeltinghearth smeltinghouse smeltings smeltleap smeltmill smelts smere smeriglio smerl smerle smerles smerlin smerling smersh smetana snap-beetle snap-block

pulkn.1

Compounds

† pulkn.2

pulkn.3

pulkn.4

pulkn.¹

† pulkn.²

pulkn.³

pulkn.⁴