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单词 pulka
释义

pulkan.

Brit. /ˈpʊlkə/, U.S. /ˈpʊlkə/
Forms: 1700s– pulcha, 1700s– pulka, 1700s– pulkha, 1900s– pulkka.
Origin: A borrowing from Finnish. Etymon: Finnish pulkka.
Etymology: < Finnish pulkka very small sledge; compare Saami pulkke sledge in which there is a cover for the feet. Compare pulk n.4 J. A. Friis Lexicon Lapponicum I. (1885) 97/1 gives the Saami word as bulkke, bulke. N.E.D. (1909) gives the pronunciation as (pɒ·lkă) /ˈpʌlkə/.
A Lapp one-person travelling-sledge shaped like the front half of a boat, typically drawn by a single reindeer. Also: a small carrying-sledge with a rigid harness, to be pulled by a person or dog.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > for transport of people
sled1590
sledge1617
traineau1653
sleigh1703
pulka1746
booby-hutch1766
Tom Pung1799
cutter1803
pung1804
kibitka1806
booby-hack1820
pulk1831
booby1841
sleigh-cutter1846
clipper-sled1883
1746 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 131/1 They take pulkas drawn by rain-deer, and send back the horses.
1768 T. Smollett Present State All Nations I. 205 This sledge, called pulkha, is made in the form of a small boat, with a convex bottom, that it may slide the more easily over the snow.
1790 W. Crakelt Entick's New Spelling Dict. (rev. ed.) 345 Pulkha, a Laplander's, &c. travelling sledge.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 35 Confined in one of those carriages or pulkhas.
1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress I. 177 No rein-deer bids her pulkha fly.
1881 P. B. Du Chaillu Land Midnight Sun II. 79 Numerous pulkas..were scattered around.
1952 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 33/2 In a trice he had put on her gay red-and-blue harness and fastened the traces to a pulkha, the canoe-like little sledge of north-east Lapland.
1960 G. Taylor Mortlake iii. i. 130 A reindeer drawing a small boat-shaped sledge called a pulkka.
1969 Guardian 31 July 3/4 All our equipment..we pull behind us on pulka sledges..made of wood.
1988 Skiing Oct. 23/1 Cross-country refers..to extended treks across uninhabited wilderness, often as a family outing with Mum or Dad hauling offspring in ‘pulkas’.
1998 Independent (Nexis) 13 Sept. 4 Nearing the end of the expedition [sc. the first all-female expedition to the North Pole], Victoria writes ‘Mum had a major wobbly when I led two pulkas over a crack.’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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