provodnikn.

Brit.

/prəˈvɒdnɪk/, U.S.

/prəˈvɑdnik/

Inflections: Plural provodniks, provodniki.

Forms: 1800s prowodnik, 1900s– provodnik.

Origin: Of multiple origins. A borrowing from Russian. Partly also a borrowing from German. Etymons: Russian provodnik; German Prowodnik.

Etymology: < Russian provodnik leader (c1250), guide (c1440), conductor on a train (1939 or earlier) < pro- through, across, past ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin prō pro prep.) + vod- to lead ( < the same Indo-European base as Latvian vadīt , Avestan vāδaiieiti ) + inserted -n- + -ik , suffix forming agent nouns; originally (in form prowodnik ) via German Prowodnik (1792 in the passage translated in quot. 1888).The plural form provodniki is after the Russian plural form. O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) treats this as non-naturalized and gives only the pronunciation (prəvɒdnyi·k) /prəvadˈnjiːk/.

In Russia or (historical) the Soviet Union: (a) a guide; (b) a conductor or guard on a train.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads > strangers or tourists

sightsmanc1660

xenagogue1674

ciceronea1719

valet-de-place1750

lionizer1829

provodnik1888

tourist guide1924

travel guide1934

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > brakesman or guard

brakesman1833

guard1842

rear guard1845

train guard1845

shack1899

provodnik1927

pinhead1931

1888 J. C. Murray tr. S. Maimon Autobiogr. xviii. 148 I was once seized as a prowodnik [Ger. Prowodnik] myself.

1927 Contemp. Rev. June 729 Two provodniks, or train attendants, looked after our coach.

1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary ii. 23 I went back to my compartment and found the provodnik.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 21 Feb. 7/2 A provodnik is shaving in one of the two lavatories at the height of the morning rush.

1984 Frederick (Maryland) Post 20 Mar. a7/6 The provodnik, the porter in charge of the samovar, was constant in his attention to our compartment.

1992 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Apr. 24 The provodniki collect the tickets and the passports.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	provodnik
释义	provodnikn. Brit. /prəˈvɒdnɪk/, U.S. /prəˈvɑdnik/ Inflections: Plural provodniks, provodniki. Forms: 1800s prowodnik, 1900s– provodnik. Origin: Of multiple origins. A borrowing from Russian. Partly also a borrowing from German. Etymons: Russian provodnik; German Prowodnik. Etymology: < Russian provodnik leader (c1250), guide (c1440), conductor on a train (1939 or earlier) < pro- through, across, past ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin prō pro prep.) + vod- to lead ( < the same Indo-European base as Latvian vadīt , Avestan vāδaiieiti ) + inserted -n- + -ik , suffix forming agent nouns; originally (in form prowodnik ) via German Prowodnik (1792 in the passage translated in quot. 1888).The plural form provodniki is after the Russian plural form. O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) treats this as non-naturalized and gives only the pronunciation (prəvɒdnyi·k) /prəvadˈnjiːk/. In Russia or (historical) the Soviet Union: (a) a guide; (b) a conductor or guard on a train. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads > strangers or tourists sightsmanc1660 xenagogue1674 ciceronea1719 valet-de-place1750 lionizer1829 provodnik1888 tourist guide1924 travel guide1934 society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > brakesman or guard brakesman1833 guard1842 rear guard1845 train guard1845 shack1899 provodnik1927 pinhead1931 1888 J. C. Murray tr. S. Maimon Autobiogr. xviii. 148 I was once seized as a prowodnik [Ger. Prowodnik] myself. 1927 Contemp. Rev. June 729 Two provodniks, or train attendants, looked after our coach. 1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary ii. 23 I went back to my compartment and found the provodnik. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 21 Feb. 7/2 A provodnik is shaving in one of the two lavatories at the height of the morning rush. 1984 Frederick (Maryland) Post 20 Mar. a7/6 The provodnik, the porter in charge of the samovar, was constant in his attention to our compartment. 1992 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Apr. 24 The provodniki collect the tickets and the passports. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1888
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