provost marshaln.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊvəʊ ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S.

/ˌproʊvoʊ ˈmɑrʃ(ə)l/

Forms: see provost n. and marshal n. Also with capital initials.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: provost n., marshal n.

Etymology: Apparently < provost n. + marshal n. Compare Middle French, French prévôt des maréchaux, literally ‘provost of the marshals’ (a1472), denoting in the 15th cent. an itinerant judge acting solely on behalf of the marshals of France, which came to be an important role with political significance in the second half of the 15th cent. (As regards later use in French, Cotgrave (1611) glosses the word as ‘A Prouost Marshall (who is often both Informer, Judge, and Executioner) punishes disorderlie Souldiors, Coyners, Free-booters, high-way robbers, lazie rogues, or vagabonds, and such as weare forbidden weapons’, while the term is recorded in dictionaries of French from the late 17th cent. onwards denoting an officer appointed to watch over the safety of the highways within an area.) It is uncertain whether sense 1 is modelled on the French expression, or shows an independent formation which was later identified with it (as shown by sense 2a). If it is modelled on the French expression, this was apparently misapprehended in English, as it is otherwise hard to explain why an expression meaning literally ‘provost of the marshals’ should be rendered ‘provost marshal’ and not ‘marshal's provost’ or similar. (The forms provost martiall in quot. 1591 at sense 1 and provost martial in quot. 1834 at sense 1 apparently reflect the graphic confusion of marshal n. and martial adj. in the early modern period. This may have given rise in turn to confusion with such compounds as court martial n., but it is hard to see how such an association could help explain the origin of the expression.)

1. Any of various military or naval officers concerned with discipline and the arrest, custody, or punishment of offenders, whose precise duties and powers have varied at different times and in different countries; spec. (a) an army officer appointed to a force in camp or on active service, as the head of military police, having duties which include the preservation of order, the prevention of looting, the custody of offenders until trial, the punishment of those convicted, etc.; (b) (in naval use) the master-at-arms of the ship in which a court-martial is to be held, appointed by warrant Provost Marshal for the occasion; (c) (in the Royal Navy) a senior commissioned officer in the Regulatory Branch or Naval Dockyard Port. See also provost n. 5, prévôt n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman

provost marshal1535

provost1590

field marshal1690

provost sergeant1825

Jack1854

military policeman1883

MP1889

redcap1919

shore patrolman1944

snowdrop1944

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > officer in charge of discipline or prisoners

provost marshal1535

provost1590

marshala1599

provost sergeant1825

Jack1854

1535 J. Husee Let. 13 Jan. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O. SP 3/4) f. 85 William Polle gothe in to Irland and is provost marshall.

1535 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 237 They wer..arrayned before the propheest marshall and capitannes, and ther, upon ther awne confessions, adjudged to die.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xii^v The lorde Darcie..sent forth his Prouost Marshal, which scarcelie with peyne refrayned the yomen archers.

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 157 They shall by the Provost Martiall be punished.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. xxix. 731 Amongst whom was Hanno also the Provost Marshall [L. præfectus], a noble young gentleman.

a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 342/1 The Boatswain serves for a Provost-Marshal.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Provost-Marshal,..also an Officer in the Royal Navy, who has charge of the Prisoners taken at Sea.

1741 Exam. Major General Anstruther (House of Lords) 7 Out of Nineteen Officers, only one Adjutant,..the Provost Marshal, and one Surgeon's Mate, and the Signal Man, are attending their duty on the Island.

1790 J. White Jrnl. Voy. New S. Wales 121 The provost marshal..had orders to take into custody all convicts that should be found without the lines.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. xxiii. 302 I was put under the custody of the provost-martial.

1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 275 The Officer appointed to the situation of Provost-Marshal has the rank of Captain in the Army.

1861 T. Thring Criminal Law Navy 53 The Commander-in-Chief appoints some person (usually the master-at-arms of the flag-ship) to act as provost-marshal.

1897 Gen. H. Porter in Cent. Mag. June 211 Provost-marshal's guards seized all available citizens..and impressed them into the service.

1908 Admiralty Memo. on Court-Martial Procedure 35 The Convening Authority..shall, by warrant..appoint a provost-marshal to take the accused into his custody and safely keep him until he shall have been delivered in due course of law.

1919 Soda Springs (Idaho) Chieftan (Electronic ed.) 22 May When the French authorities discover an American Awol [sc. deserter] they..try to keep track of him and notify the American provost marshal.

1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero i. 6 After the armistice, the Army appointed him provost marshall, or military police chief, of an occupied German town, because he spoke the language.

2003 Navy News Sept. 30/3 The Naval Provost Marshal units at all three Naval bases ran Open Days over the summer to encourage serving personnel to look at changing to the Regulating branch.

a. Applied to various semi-military public officials formerly responsible for the imposition and maintenance of civil order in England, and in parts of Continental Europe, esp. France. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn prevost de mareschaulx, a prouoste Marshall, that hath in charge to hang vp theues.

1597 G. Harvey Trimming T. Nashe sig. G3^v The..grand Commander of all the superrants & subtercubants of Englands great Metropolis, the Prouost Marshall of London.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. L^v/2 Provost. I have bin Provost-Marshall twenty yeares, And have trussed up a thousand of these rascalls.

1766 E. Farneworth tr. G. Leti Life Pope Sixtus V (new ed.) vii. 389 He [sc. Sixtus V.] went further, and commanded the Provost Marshal ‘if any criminal took refuge in the Palace of a Cardinal, to go and apprehend him’.

1818 L. Aikin Mem. Court Queen Elizabeth II. xxv. 387 Sir Thomas Wilford, appointed provost-marshal for the occasion, paraded the streets daily with a body of armed men ready to hang all rioters in the most summary manner.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 141 They bore the palm..[as the object of fear and execration] over every hangman in France, unless it were..their master, Tristan l'Hermite, the renowned Provost-Marshal, or his master, Louis XI.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 261 A provost-martial of the name of Aichili traversed Swabia and Franconi;..it is calculated that within a small district, he hung forty evangelical preachers on trees by the roadside.

1870 W. L. Lee Suppl. to Digest Laws Jamaica 7 The Provost Marshal, and the Gaoler of the Prison, and such Justices and other persons present, shall sign a Declaration to the effect that judgment of death has been executed on the prisoner.

1908 A. S. Green Making of Ireland & its Undoing iii. 77 To burn the corn,..to hang the freeholder at his door and ‘plant’ a soldier on his land, with sheriff and provost-marshal to protect him.

1998 T. Cogswell Home Div. i. ii. 43 After the Privy Council had created the new county office of Provost Marshal in 1626, Savile was the obvious candidate.

2011 Oxf. Dict. National Biogr. (Electronic ed.) 25 Mar. at Edwards, John In 1648 he was placed by the university visitors for a time in custody of the provost marshal for ‘manifold misdemeanours’.

b. The chief police official of certain states, districts, or former colonies in North America, the West Indies, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > head of police force > foreign

commissaire1386

pristav1568

kotwal1582

provost marshal1619

commissary1787

police-master1798

thanadar1802

quaestor1862

ispravnik1886

1619 Jrnls. of House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1619–1658/9 (1915) 9 If any private person be found culpable..[of drunkenness, he is] to lye in boltes 12 houres in the House of the Provost Marshall.

1683 J. Moodey in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1861) 4th Ser. V. 115 To James Sherlock, Gentleman, Provost-Marshal and Sheriff of said Province.

1737 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 33) ii. iii. 204 Governors and Officers in the West Indies..Peter Forbes Esq.; Provost Marshall.

1773 in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1895) App. Z. 182 Recommends his father-in-law John Row, who has been for many years Sheriff of Maryland, for the appointment of Provost Marshal of East Florida.

1897 Jrnl. Soc. Compar. Legislation 2 236 Where any lands have remained unsold for one year in the provost marshal's office they are to be set up for sale by auction without reserve.

1908 Whitaker's Almanack 539 The Bahamas..Provost-Marshal and Commandant of Constabulary.

1998 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 64 270 Knight..claimed Newton was appointed provost marshal for his district after the war but offered no proof.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	provost marshal
释义	provost marshaln. Brit. /ˌprəʊvəʊ ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˌproʊvoʊ ˈmɑrʃ(ə)l/ Forms: see provost n. and marshal n. Also with capital initials. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: provost n., marshal n. Etymology: Apparently < provost n. + marshal n. Compare Middle French, French prévôt des maréchaux, literally ‘provost of the marshals’ (a1472), denoting in the 15th cent. an itinerant judge acting solely on behalf of the marshals of France, which came to be an important role with political significance in the second half of the 15th cent. (As regards later use in French, Cotgrave (1611) glosses the word as ‘A Prouost Marshall (who is often both Informer, Judge, and Executioner) punishes disorderlie Souldiors, Coyners, Free-booters, high-way robbers, lazie rogues, or vagabonds, and such as weare forbidden weapons’, while the term is recorded in dictionaries of French from the late 17th cent. onwards denoting an officer appointed to watch over the safety of the highways within an area.) It is uncertain whether sense 1 is modelled on the French expression, or shows an independent formation which was later identified with it (as shown by sense 2a). If it is modelled on the French expression, this was apparently misapprehended in English, as it is otherwise hard to explain why an expression meaning literally ‘provost of the marshals’ should be rendered ‘provost marshal’ and not ‘marshal's provost’ or similar. (The forms provost martiall in quot. 1591 at sense 1 and provost martial in quot. 1834 at sense 1 apparently reflect the graphic confusion of marshal n. and martial adj. in the early modern period. This may have given rise in turn to confusion with such compounds as court martial n., but it is hard to see how such an association could help explain the origin of the expression.) 1. Any of various military or naval officers concerned with discipline and the arrest, custody, or punishment of offenders, whose precise duties and powers have varied at different times and in different countries; spec. (a) an army officer appointed to a force in camp or on active service, as the head of military police, having duties which include the preservation of order, the prevention of looting, the custody of offenders until trial, the punishment of those convicted, etc.; (b) (in naval use) the master-at-arms of the ship in which a court-martial is to be held, appointed by warrant Provost Marshal for the occasion; (c) (in the Royal Navy) a senior commissioned officer in the Regulatory Branch or Naval Dockyard Port. See also provost n. 5, prévôt n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman provost marshal1535 provost1590 field marshal1690 provost sergeant1825 Jack1854 military policeman1883 MP1889 redcap1919 shore patrolman1944 snowdrop1944 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > officer in charge of discipline or prisoners provost marshal1535 provost1590 marshala1599 provost sergeant1825 Jack1854 1535 J. Husee Let. 13 Jan. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O. SP 3/4) f. 85 William Polle gothe in to Irland and is provost marshall. 1535 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 237 They wer..arrayned before the propheest marshall and capitannes, and ther, upon ther awne confessions, adjudged to die. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xii^v The lorde Darcie..sent forth his Prouost Marshal, which scarcelie with peyne refrayned the yomen archers. 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 157 They shall by the Provost Martiall be punished. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. xxix. 731 Amongst whom was Hanno also the Provost Marshall [L. præfectus], a noble young gentleman. a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 342/1 The Boatswain serves for a Provost-Marshal. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Provost-Marshal,..also an Officer in the Royal Navy, who has charge of the Prisoners taken at Sea. 1741 Exam. Major General Anstruther (House of Lords) 7 Out of Nineteen Officers, only one Adjutant,..the Provost Marshal, and one Surgeon's Mate, and the Signal Man, are attending their duty on the Island. 1790 J. White Jrnl. Voy. New S. Wales 121 The provost marshal..had orders to take into custody all convicts that should be found without the lines. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. xxiii. 302 I was put under the custody of the provost-martial. 1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 275 The Officer appointed to the situation of Provost-Marshal has the rank of Captain in the Army. 1861 T. Thring Criminal Law Navy 53 The Commander-in-Chief appoints some person (usually the master-at-arms of the flag-ship) to act as provost-marshal. 1897 Gen. H. Porter in Cent. Mag. June 211 Provost-marshal's guards seized all available citizens..and impressed them into the service. 1908 Admiralty Memo. on Court-Martial Procedure 35 The Convening Authority..shall, by warrant..appoint a provost-marshal to take the accused into his custody and safely keep him until he shall have been delivered in due course of law. 1919 Soda Springs (Idaho) Chieftan (Electronic ed.) 22 May When the French authorities discover an American Awol [sc. deserter] they..try to keep track of him and notify the American provost marshal. 1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero i. 6 After the armistice, the Army appointed him provost marshall, or military police chief, of an occupied German town, because he spoke the language. 2003 Navy News Sept. 30/3 The Naval Provost Marshal units at all three Naval bases ran Open Days over the summer to encourage serving personnel to look at changing to the Regulating branch. 2. a. Applied to various semi-military public officials formerly responsible for the imposition and maintenance of civil order in England, and in parts of Continental Europe, esp. France. Now historical. ΚΠ 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn prevost de mareschaulx, a prouoste Marshall, that hath in charge to hang vp theues. 1597 G. Harvey Trimming T. Nashe sig. G3^v The..grand Commander of all the superrants & subtercubants of Englands great Metropolis, the Prouost Marshall of London. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. L^v/2 Provost. I have bin Provost-Marshall twenty yeares, And have trussed up a thousand of these rascalls. 1766 E. Farneworth tr. G. Leti Life Pope Sixtus V (new ed.) vii. 389 He [sc. Sixtus V.] went further, and commanded the Provost Marshal ‘if any criminal took refuge in the Palace of a Cardinal, to go and apprehend him’. 1818 L. Aikin Mem. Court Queen Elizabeth II. xxv. 387 Sir Thomas Wilford, appointed provost-marshal for the occasion, paraded the streets daily with a body of armed men ready to hang all rioters in the most summary manner. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 141 They bore the palm..[as the object of fear and execration] over every hangman in France, unless it were..their master, Tristan l'Hermite, the renowned Provost-Marshal, or his master, Louis XI. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 261 A provost-martial of the name of Aichili traversed Swabia and Franconi;..it is calculated that within a small district, he hung forty evangelical preachers on trees by the roadside. 1870 W. L. Lee Suppl. to Digest Laws Jamaica 7 The Provost Marshal, and the Gaoler of the Prison, and such Justices and other persons present, shall sign a Declaration to the effect that judgment of death has been executed on the prisoner. 1908 A. S. Green Making of Ireland & its Undoing iii. 77 To burn the corn,..to hang the freeholder at his door and ‘plant’ a soldier on his land, with sheriff and provost-marshal to protect him. 1998 T. Cogswell Home Div. i. ii. 43 After the Privy Council had created the new county office of Provost Marshal in 1626, Savile was the obvious candidate. 2011 Oxf. Dict. National Biogr. (Electronic ed.) 25 Mar. at Edwards, John In 1648 he was placed by the university visitors for a time in custody of the provost marshal for ‘manifold misdemeanours’. b. The chief police official of certain states, districts, or former colonies in North America, the West Indies, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > head of police force > foreign commissaire1386 pristav1568 kotwal1582 provost marshal1619 commissary1787 police-master1798 thanadar1802 quaestor1862 ispravnik1886 1619 Jrnls. of House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1619–1658/9 (1915) 9 If any private person be found culpable..[of drunkenness, he is] to lye in boltes 12 houres in the House of the Provost Marshall. 1683 J. Moodey in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1861) 4th Ser. V. 115 To James Sherlock, Gentleman, Provost-Marshal and Sheriff of said Province. 1737 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 33) ii. iii. 204 Governors and Officers in the West Indies..Peter Forbes Esq.; Provost Marshall. 1773 in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1895) App. Z. 182 Recommends his father-in-law John Row, who has been for many years Sheriff of Maryland, for the appointment of Provost Marshal of East Florida. 1897 Jrnl. Soc. Compar. Legislation 2 236 Where any lands have remained unsold for one year in the provost marshal's office they are to be set up for sale by auction without reserve. 1908 Whitaker's Almanack 539 The Bahamas..Provost-Marshal and Commandant of Constabulary. 1998 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 64 270 Knight..claimed Newton was appointed provost marshal for his district after the war but offered no proof. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1535
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