prowln.

Brit.

/ˈpraʊl/, U.S.

/ˈpraʊ(ə)l/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: prowl v.

Etymology: < prowl v.

The action or an act of prowling; roaming or roving about, esp. in search of plunder or prey or (in later use) sexual conquests; chiefly in on (formerly †upon) the prowl.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [adverb]

insidiously1545

on (formerly upon) the prowl1803

entrappinglya1827

ensnaringly1853

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > [noun]

stalkingc1000

creeping1565

hedge-creeping1579

stealing1581

steal1590

stealth1600

insinuation1608

slinking1611

sneakinga1657

prowl1803

creep1818

sneak1819

lurk1829

slink1853

pussyfooting1956

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > in search of prey or plunder

prowling1632

prowl1803

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [adverb] > searching for amorous partner

on (formerly upon) the prowl1836

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > [adverb]

creepingly1548

unsuspectedly1645

soft-footedly1834

on (formerly upon) the prowl1836

inconspicuously1893

1803 Sporting Mag. 22 54 A poor miserable thief had been all night upon the prowl.

1836 W. Irving Astoria II. xxviii. 118 The Crow Indians..are apt to be continually on the prowl about the skirts of the mountains.

1876 ‘A. Thomas’ Blotted Out iii. 31 Let us clear off this business as soon as we can, and then go out for a prowl.

1895 19th Cent. Sept. 482 Through all the intricacies of their hunting prowl we followed them.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 572 A figure of middle height on the prowl, evidently, under the arches saluted again, calling: Night!

1932 R. W. Thompson Down Under 37 We met a few of our ship acquaintances on our prowls around, and took some of them with us on our drives..to the beaches.

1946 Sun (Baltimore) 3 July 4/5 That big cat..is reputedly on the prowl again.

1959 W. Brown Cry Kill iii. 31 Not a beauty like Lola Stuart, but good enough to catch the eye of any guy on the prowl.

1972 F. Warner Lying Figures ii. 9 Out on the prowl tonight, lover-boy?

2005 Metro (Toronto) 25 Aug. 38/1 Lindsay Logan, 19, is on the prowl, big time! Her latest crush? Cheat-aholic Jude Law.

Compounds

prowl car n. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.) a police patrol car.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > police car

police cruiser1858

police car1881

prowl car1922

cruiser1929

unit1929

patrol car1931

scout car1933

squad car1938

Z-car1961

black and white1965

panda1966

squad1974

1922 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 29 Oct. 22/1 The prowl cars are without doubt a necessity in a city the size of Syracuse. Officers with the aid of these cars cover five times the territory that a man does on foot.

1934 R. Chandler in Black Mask Oct. 28/1 The prowl car takes a slant down it [sc. the old road] now and then looking for petting parties.

1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 16 May 11/1 Meantime another prowl car pulled into the yards.

1999 S. Andrews Bone Hunter iii. 18 I sat miserably in the front seat of Officer Raymond's prowl car, ruing the day I'd been born.

prowl dog n. rare a guard dog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > guard dog

porter?a1425

wap1464

dog keeper1576

mooner1576

warner1576

house dog1577

mâtin1579

defender1607

housekeeper1607

watchdoga1616

moondog1668

yard-dog1795

guard dog1796

big dog1833

tenter1844

junkyard dog1936

prowl dog1974

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > watch-dog or guard dog

tie-dogc1290

porter?a1425

bandogc1425

house dog1577

mâtin1579

housekeeper1607

watchdoga1616

watch-mastiff1778

yard-dog1795

guard dog1796

big dog1833

prowl dog1974

1974 W. Garner Big enough Wreath xii. 163 We got patrols. We got prowl dogs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prowlv.

Brit.

/ˈpraʊl/, U.S.

/ˈpraʊ(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English–1500s prolle, late Middle English pralle (east midlands), late Middle English–1700s proll, 1500s–1700s prole, 1600s prool, 1600s proole.

β. 1500s–1600s proule, 1500s–1600s prowle, 1500s– prowl, 1600s–1700s proul.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare purl v.¹, which apparently shows a variant.It has been suggested that the word is shortened < either prolong v. or proloyne v. (which might indicate if so that sense 1a was not the earliest to develop), but this is very far from certain and there are no obvious parallels. The sound history of the word is difficult. Assuming that the vowel was originally ŏ , regular phonetic development would have given diphthongization before l , giving standard modern English /əʊ/. It is possible that this is what some of the β. spellings may show. Rhymes on soul are found in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries (earliest in quot. 1563 at sense 1aβ. ), although at least in the earlier part of this period the pronunciation of soul is also variable and this evidence should probably be regarded as ambiguous, as should a 16th-cent. rhyme on Poule Paul (see quot. 1546 at sense 2b); however, in the 17th cent. compare also the rhymes on pole and fold in quots. 1635 and 1697 at sense 1aβ. . A rhyme of prowl (spelt thus) on goal is found at the end of the 18th cent., and pronunciations with /əʊ/ are also recorded in early 19th-cent. dictionaries. The earliest unambiguous evidence for a pronunciation with the reflex of Middle English ū (i.e. the usual modern pronunciation) is apparently in E. Bysshe Dict. Rhymes in Art of Eng. Poetry (1702) 32/3 (although the same source also records rhymes on coal, foal, etc., 27/2). For an explanation of this pronunciation as arising from an assimilation of Middle English ou to ū before l (rather than, as often argued, a spelling pronunciation) see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §169 note 1. However, it is also possible that this pronunciation may reflect importation of a pronunciation from a regional variety (such as those of Essex, East Anglia, the north, the north-west midlands, or Scots) in which a pronunciation of the reflex of Middle English ou developed that was either similar or identical to (and hence identified with) the standard English development of the reflex of Middle English ū.

a. intransitive. To go or move about, esp. in search of or looking for something; (hence) to roam or wander about in search of plunder, prey, etc., or with predatory intent; to move about, around stealthily or restlessly.Originally chiefly of persons; later of predatory animals, or of persons acting like them.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > make a search [verb (intransitive)] > range about searching

scour1297

prowlc1395

foragea1774

skirmish1864

mouse1874

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > in search of prey or plunder

prowlc1395

purl1440

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > move stealthily [verb (intransitive)] > move around

prowlc1395

purl1440

smooch1904

α.

c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1412 Thogh ye prolle [v.r. proll] ay, ye shul it neuere fynde.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 415 Prollyn, as ratchys (or purlyn, infra), scrutor.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 667/2 I prolle, I go here and there to seke a thyng, je tracasse... The felowe prolleth aboute, but it cometh nat to effecte.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 160 [Wolves] Priuely prolling two and froe.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 89 Some do prole after waspes, and kill them.

1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 309 [Robbers] Then proling far and near, whate'er they seize Becomes their Prey.

1760 J. Newton Diary 9 Feb. in Deserted Village (1992) 85 Proll'd about Covent Garden.

β. ?1548 [implied in: J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Ev By prowlynge and lyenge, ye fryers wolde all haue. (at prowling n.)].1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. D.iiii Whose gredy Pawes, do neuer ceas, in synfull fluds to prowle [rhyme soule].1599 R. Roche Eustathia Introd. Vnbridled lust, at large doth stray; And prowles about, for pillage, and for pray.1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. ii. 70 Wee travill Sea, and Soyle; wee pry, wee proule, Wee progresse, and wee progge from pole to pole.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 The nightly Wolf, that round th' Enclosure proul'd To leap the Fence; now plots not on the Fold. 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 23 The wily Fox remain'd A subtle pilf'ring Foe, prowling around In Midnight Shades.1778 F. Burney Jrnl. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 71 I then prowled about to chuse some Book.1833 J. Rennie Alphabet Sci. Angling 59 The pike,..which likes to prowl about in slow-running, weedy waters.1862 J. M. Neale tr. Andrew of Crete in Hymns Eastern Church 28 How the troops of Midian Prowl and prowl around?1888 W. Besant Inner House v We have prowled about the old building.1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent xvi. 261 A boy was prowling with a sling, prowling like a cat, to get the little birds.1954 G. Vidal Messiah vii. 188 Paul prowled restlessly about the modern living room.2005 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Sept. a4 [He] had grown so paranoid..that he spent his nights prowling around the house with a baseball bat.

†b. intransitive. To search, seek for or after something (without moving about). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)]

seekc888

aseekc1000

i-secheOE

huntc1175

to seek afterc1175

beseechc1200

fand?c1225

ofseche?c1225

to seek forc1250

atseekc1275

furiec1290

forseeka1300

outseekc1300

upseekc1315

to look after ——c1330

wait1340

laita1350

searchc1350

pursuea1382

ensearchc1384

to feel and findc1384

inseekc1384

looka1398

fraist?a1400

umseeka1400

require?c1400

walec1400

to look up1468

prowla1475

to see for ——c1485

to look for ——a1492

to have in the wind1540

sue1548

vent?1575

seek1616

explore1618

dacker1634

research1650

to see out for1683

quest1752

to see after ——1776

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 134 Ne youre heere ye stryke, ne pyke to pralle for a flesche mought.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) xxv. 188 So desyrus was he to prowle after vane plause and congratulation.

1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) x This life he liues..yt doth for stately honours prowle.

1687 New Atlantis iii. 520 Thoughtful and dull..Stood Bavius, proling for his barren Muse.

†c. intransitive. To seek for gain or advantage in a mean, grasping, or underhand way; to cadge, scrounge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg or be beggar [verb (intransitive)]

thigc1300

begc1384

crave1393

to go a-begged1393

prowl1530

to go (or have been) a begging1535

maund?1536

to bear the wallet1546

cant1567

prog1579

to turn to bag and wallet1582

skelder1602

maunder1611

strike1618

emendicate1623

mendicate1623

to go a-gooding1646

mump1685

shool1736

cadge1819

to stand pad1841

stag1860

bum1870

schnorr1875

panhandle1894

pling1915

stem1924

nickel-and-dime1942

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 259/1 Prolyng for a promocyon, ambition.

1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Bv Purchaisinge and prollynge for benefices.

1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. lxxv^v This legate..went banketynge and prowlynge from byshop to bishop.

1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. R3 It is not equall..for a man to liue prowling and shifting by the labours of other men.

1669 A. Marvell Let. 27 Apr. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 85 A Corporation of your dignity dos not proll for advantage upon Gentlemen your neighbors.

†2.

a. transitive. To obtain (something) by stealth, cheating, or petty theft; to get in a clandestine way; to pilfer, to filch. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > petty theft or pilfering > pilfer [verb (transitive)]

mitcha1393

pelfa1400

purloinc1475

prowl?1529

finger1530

pilfer1532

lurchc1565

filch1567

filch1574

proloyne1581

nim1606

hook1615

truff1718

snaffle1725

crib1735

pettifog1759

magg1762

niffle1785

cabbage1793

weed1811

nibble1819

cab1825

smouch1826

snuga1859

mooch1862

attract1891

souvenir1897

rat1906

snipe1909

promote1918

salvage1918

smooch1941

?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. Av What so euer we gett with sweate & labour That prolle they a waye with theyr prayour.

1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. E2 He that stealeth or prowleth any Plate, Iuells,..or such parcels from any place by a slight conueyance vnder his cloke.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvii. 222 For from my fault could not, as chan'st, the Somner prole a fee.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 132 If we found any breach in any wall of a house, we would prie what we could proule from thence.

a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 271 By how many tricks did he proll money from all parts of Christendom?

b. intransitive. To plunder, steal, pilfer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (intransitive)]

stealc725

thievec920

bribec1405

pluck?a1425

prowl1546

strike1567

to make away with1691

fake1819

snam1824

snig1862

to help oneself1868

boost1912

score1914

snoop1924

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Dii Lyke a pyckpurs pilgrym, ye prie and ye proule At rouers, to robbe Peter and paie Poule.

c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. v. 93 Surfeicted with fleshe and aquavitie all the Lent longe, prolled and pilled insatiabley withoute nede.

1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 59^v The champion robbeth by night, and prowleth and filcheth by day.

1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 4 That he, who hath no hope of another world, be made to shark and prole to get some of this.

c. transitive. To plunder, rob (a person). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > steal from

picka1350

lifta1529

filch1567

purloinc1571

prowl1603

touch1631

pinch1632

to pick up1687

to speak with ——1725

knock1767

shab1787

jump1789

to speak to ——1800

shake1811

spice1819

sting1819

tap1879

to knock over1928

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. iv. 503 I ouerwhelme and contemne it thus in great, by retayle it spoyles and proules me.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 111 Were it not for prolling or molesting the People, his Majesty would give Mr. Bayes the Patent for it.

a. transitive. To go or roam through or over (a place or region), esp. on the lookout for prey; to traverse stealthily.In quot. a1657: †to steal in through (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > traverse stealthily [verb (transitive)]

prowla1586

sneak1891

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (transitive)] > wander (one's way, etc.) > wander in, over, or about > in search of prey or plunder

prowla1586

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xiv. sig. Y4^v He proules ech place stil in new colours deckt, Sucking ones ill, another to infect.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cclxxv, in Poems (1878) IV. 169 The invading Brine Prolls everie Seame.

1753 T. Gray Long Story in Six Poems 17 Who prowl'd the country far and near.

1785 S. J. Pratt Misc. I. 210 Like some malignant thing that prowls the wood.

1831 Acct. Colony Van Diemen's Land 53 Considerable numbers of the native hyena prowl the mountains..in quest of prey.

1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxli, in Monthly Packet Oct. 315 He prowled the streets in disguise.

1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. iv. xlviii. 217 As I prowled the forest and the flats with the herbalist, I noted that they collected boneset..cranesbill, male fern, maidenhair fern.

1966 T. Capote In Cold Blood iv. 217 Two thin grey toms..appeared with every twilight and prowled the Square, stopping to examine the cars parked around the periphery.

1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life i. i. 9 He was seventy-six years old..but he was always prowling the woods around his farm.

b. transitive. Criminals' slang (originally U.S.). To examine or inspect (a place or person), esp. before committing a robbery; to ‘case’; to search through and rob stealthily.Although apparently overlapping with obsolete uses at 2, the chronology suggests this sense arose independently as an extension of 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > rob [verb (transitive)] > inspect before robbery

drum1909

prowl1909

1908 J. M. Sullivan Criminal Slang 12 House-prowling, a flat-worker surveying the locality.]

1909 C. B. Chrysler White Slavery ix. 70 Going out and ‘prowling’ some house.

1926 J. Black You can't Win xi. 136 I'd rather ‘prowl’ one of them than any business man.

1926 J. Black You can't Win xx. 318 He magnanimously suggested that I ‘prowl the joint’ he lived in.

1943 R. Chandler Lady in Lake xii. 71 I went back to the kitchen and prowled the open shelves above and behind the sink.

1977 ‘M. Innes’ Honeybath's Haven xv. 137 Some sort of sneak-thief had conceivably been prowling the dead man's property.

2005 Columbian (Vancouver, Washington) (Nexis) 18 May c3 While one scam artist distracted a homeowner in the kitchen, the third prowled the house... When the men left, the victims found some of their money missing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prowl
释义	prowln. Brit. /ˈpraʊl/, U.S. /ˈpraʊ(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: prowl v. Etymology: < prowl v. The action or an act of prowling; roaming or roving about, esp. in search of plunder or prey or (in later use) sexual conquests; chiefly in on (formerly †upon) the prowl. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [adverb] insidiously1545 on (formerly upon) the prowl1803 entrappinglya1827 ensnaringly1853 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > [noun] stalkingc1000 creeping1565 hedge-creeping1579 stealing1581 steal1590 stealth1600 insinuation1608 slinking1611 sneakinga1657 prowl1803 creep1818 sneak1819 lurk1829 slink1853 pussyfooting1956 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > in search of prey or plunder prowling1632 prowl1803 the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [adverb] > searching for amorous partner on (formerly upon) the prowl1836 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > [adverb] creepingly1548 unsuspectedly1645 soft-footedly1834 on (formerly upon) the prowl1836 inconspicuously1893 1803 Sporting Mag. 22 54 A poor miserable thief had been all night upon the prowl. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. xxviii. 118 The Crow Indians..are apt to be continually on the prowl about the skirts of the mountains. 1876 ‘A. Thomas’ Blotted Out iii. 31 Let us clear off this business as soon as we can, and then go out for a prowl. 1895 19th Cent. Sept. 482 Through all the intricacies of their hunting prowl we followed them. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 572 A figure of middle height on the prowl, evidently, under the arches saluted again, calling: Night! 1932 R. W. Thompson Down Under 37 We met a few of our ship acquaintances on our prowls around, and took some of them with us on our drives..to the beaches. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 3 July 4/5 That big cat..is reputedly on the prowl again. 1959 W. Brown Cry Kill iii. 31 Not a beauty like Lola Stuart, but good enough to catch the eye of any guy on the prowl. 1972 F. Warner Lying Figures ii. 9 Out on the prowl tonight, lover-boy? 2005 Metro (Toronto) 25 Aug. 38/1 Lindsay Logan, 19, is on the prowl, big time! Her latest crush? Cheat-aholic Jude Law. Compounds prowl car n. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.) a police patrol car. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > police car police cruiser1858 police car1881 prowl car1922 cruiser1929 unit1929 patrol car1931 scout car1933 squad car1938 Z-car1961 black and white1965 panda1966 squad1974 1922 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 29 Oct. 22/1 The prowl cars are without doubt a necessity in a city the size of Syracuse. Officers with the aid of these cars cover five times the territory that a man does on foot. 1934 R. Chandler in Black Mask Oct. 28/1 The prowl car takes a slant down it [sc. the old road] now and then looking for petting parties. 1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 16 May 11/1 Meantime another prowl car pulled into the yards. 1999 S. Andrews Bone Hunter iii. 18 I sat miserably in the front seat of Officer Raymond's prowl car, ruing the day I'd been born. prowl dog n. rare a guard dog. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > guard dog porter?a1425 wap1464 dog keeper1576 mooner1576 warner1576 house dog1577 mâtin1579 defender1607 housekeeper1607 watchdoga1616 moondog1668 yard-dog1795 guard dog1796 big dog1833 tenter1844 junkyard dog1936 prowl dog1974 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > watch-dog or guard dog tie-dogc1290 porter?a1425 bandogc1425 house dog1577 mâtin1579 housekeeper1607 watchdoga1616 watch-mastiff1778 yard-dog1795 guard dog1796 big dog1833 prowl dog1974 1974 W. Garner Big enough Wreath xii. 163 We got patrols. We got prowl dogs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). prowlv. Brit. /ˈpraʊl/, U.S. /ˈpraʊ(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s prolle, late Middle English pralle (east midlands), late Middle English–1700s proll, 1500s–1700s prole, 1600s prool, 1600s proole. β. 1500s–1600s proule, 1500s–1600s prowle, 1500s– prowl, 1600s–1700s proul. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare purl v.¹, which apparently shows a variant.It has been suggested that the word is shortened < either prolong v. or proloyne v. (which might indicate if so that sense 1a was not the earliest to develop), but this is very far from certain and there are no obvious parallels. The sound history of the word is difficult. Assuming that the vowel was originally ŏ , regular phonetic development would have given diphthongization before l , giving standard modern English /əʊ/. It is possible that this is what some of the β. spellings may show. Rhymes on soul are found in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries (earliest in quot. 1563 at sense 1aβ. ), although at least in the earlier part of this period the pronunciation of soul is also variable and this evidence should probably be regarded as ambiguous, as should a 16th-cent. rhyme on Poule Paul (see quot. 1546 at sense 2b); however, in the 17th cent. compare also the rhymes on pole and fold in quots. 1635 and 1697 at sense 1aβ. . A rhyme of prowl (spelt thus) on goal is found at the end of the 18th cent., and pronunciations with /əʊ/ are also recorded in early 19th-cent. dictionaries. The earliest unambiguous evidence for a pronunciation with the reflex of Middle English ū (i.e. the usual modern pronunciation) is apparently in E. Bysshe Dict. Rhymes in Art of Eng. Poetry (1702) 32/3 (although the same source also records rhymes on coal, foal, etc., 27/2). For an explanation of this pronunciation as arising from an assimilation of Middle English ou to ū before l (rather than, as often argued, a spelling pronunciation) see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §169 note 1. However, it is also possible that this pronunciation may reflect importation of a pronunciation from a regional variety (such as those of Essex, East Anglia, the north, the north-west midlands, or Scots) in which a pronunciation of the reflex of Middle English ou developed that was either similar or identical to (and hence identified with) the standard English development of the reflex of Middle English ū. 1. a. intransitive. To go or move about, esp. in search of or looking for something; (hence) to roam or wander about in search of plunder, prey, etc., or with predatory intent; to move about, around stealthily or restlessly.Originally chiefly of persons; later of predatory animals, or of persons acting like them. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > make a search [verb (intransitive)] > range about searching scour1297 prowlc1395 foragea1774 skirmish1864 mouse1874 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > in search of prey or plunder prowlc1395 purl1440 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > move stealthily [verb (intransitive)] > move around prowlc1395 purl1440 smooch1904 α. c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1412 Thogh ye prolle [v.r. proll] ay, ye shul it neuere fynde. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 415 Prollyn, as ratchys (or purlyn, infra), scrutor. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 667/2 I prolle, I go here and there to seke a thyng, je tracasse... The felowe prolleth aboute, but it cometh nat to effecte. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 160 [Wolves] Priuely prolling two and froe. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 89 Some do prole after waspes, and kill them. 1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 309 [Robbers] Then proling far and near, whate'er they seize Becomes their Prey. 1760 J. Newton Diary 9 Feb. in Deserted Village (1992) 85 Proll'd about Covent Garden. β. ?1548 [implied in: J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Ev By prowlynge and lyenge, ye fryers wolde all haue. (at prowling n.)].1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. D.iiii Whose gredy Pawes, do neuer ceas, in synfull fluds to prowle [rhyme soule].1599 R. Roche Eustathia Introd. Vnbridled lust, at large doth stray; And prowles about, for pillage, and for pray.1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. ii. 70 Wee travill Sea, and Soyle; wee pry, wee proule, Wee progresse, and wee progge from pole to pole.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 The nightly Wolf, that round th' Enclosure proul'd To leap the Fence; now plots not on the Fold. View more context for this quotation1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 23 The wily Fox remain'd A subtle pilf'ring Foe, prowling around In Midnight Shades.1778 F. Burney Jrnl. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 71 I then prowled about to chuse some Book.1833 J. Rennie Alphabet Sci. Angling 59 The pike,..which likes to prowl about in slow-running, weedy waters.1862 J. M. Neale tr. Andrew of Crete in Hymns Eastern Church 28 How the troops of Midian Prowl and prowl around?1888 W. Besant Inner House v We have prowled about the old building.1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent xvi. 261 A boy was prowling with a sling, prowling like a cat, to get the little birds.1954 G. Vidal Messiah vii. 188 Paul prowled restlessly about the modern living room.2005 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Sept. a4 [He] had grown so paranoid..that he spent his nights prowling around the house with a baseball bat. †b. intransitive. To search, seek for or after something (without moving about). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)] seekc888 aseekc1000 i-secheOE huntc1175 to seek afterc1175 beseechc1200 fand?c1225 ofseche?c1225 to seek forc1250 atseekc1275 furiec1290 forseeka1300 outseekc1300 upseekc1315 to look after ——c1330 wait1340 laita1350 searchc1350 pursuea1382 ensearchc1384 to feel and findc1384 inseekc1384 looka1398 fraist?a1400 umseeka1400 require?c1400 walec1400 to look up1468 prowla1475 to see for ——c1485 to look for ——a1492 to have in the wind1540 sue1548 vent?1575 seek1616 explore1618 dacker1634 research1650 to see out for1683 quest1752 to see after ——1776 a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 134 Ne youre heere ye stryke, ne pyke to pralle for a flesche mought. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) xxv. 188 So desyrus was he to prowle after vane plause and congratulation. 1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) x This life he liues..yt doth for stately honours prowle. 1687 New Atlantis iii. 520 Thoughtful and dull..Stood Bavius, proling for his barren Muse. †c. intransitive. To seek for gain or advantage in a mean, grasping, or underhand way; to cadge, scrounge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg or be beggar [verb (intransitive)] thigc1300 begc1384 crave1393 to go a-begged1393 prowl1530 to go (or have been) a begging1535 maund?1536 to bear the wallet1546 cant1567 prog1579 to turn to bag and wallet1582 skelder1602 maunder1611 strike1618 emendicate1623 mendicate1623 to go a-gooding1646 mump1685 shool1736 cadge1819 to stand pad1841 stag1860 bum1870 schnorr1875 panhandle1894 pling1915 stem1924 nickel-and-dime1942 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 259/1 Prolyng for a promocyon, ambition. 1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Bv Purchaisinge and prollynge for benefices. 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. lxxv^v This legate..went banketynge and prowlynge from byshop to bishop. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. R3 It is not equall..for a man to liue prowling and shifting by the labours of other men. 1669 A. Marvell Let. 27 Apr. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 85 A Corporation of your dignity dos not proll for advantage upon Gentlemen your neighbors. †2. a. transitive. To obtain (something) by stealth, cheating, or petty theft; to get in a clandestine way; to pilfer, to filch. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > petty theft or pilfering > pilfer [verb (transitive)] mitcha1393 pelfa1400 purloinc1475 prowl?1529 finger1530 pilfer1532 lurchc1565 filch1567 filch1574 proloyne1581 nim1606 hook1615 truff1718 snaffle1725 crib1735 pettifog1759 magg1762 niffle1785 cabbage1793 weed1811 nibble1819 cab1825 smouch1826 snuga1859 mooch1862 attract1891 souvenir1897 rat1906 snipe1909 promote1918 salvage1918 smooch1941 ?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. Av What so euer we gett with sweate & labour That prolle they a waye with theyr prayour. 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. E2 He that stealeth or prowleth any Plate, Iuells,..or such parcels from any place by a slight conueyance vnder his cloke. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvii. 222 For from my fault could not, as chan'st, the Somner prole a fee. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 132 If we found any breach in any wall of a house, we would prie what we could proule from thence. a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 271 By how many tricks did he proll money from all parts of Christendom? b. intransitive. To plunder, steal, pilfer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (intransitive)] stealc725 thievec920 bribec1405 pluck?a1425 prowl1546 strike1567 to make away with1691 fake1819 snam1824 snig1862 to help oneself1868 boost1912 score1914 snoop1924 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Dii Lyke a pyckpurs pilgrym, ye prie and ye proule At rouers, to robbe Peter and paie Poule. c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. v. 93 Surfeicted with fleshe and aquavitie all the Lent longe, prolled and pilled insatiabley withoute nede. 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 59^v The champion robbeth by night, and prowleth and filcheth by day. 1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 4 That he, who hath no hope of another world, be made to shark and prole to get some of this. c. transitive. To plunder, rob (a person). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > steal from picka1350 lifta1529 filch1567 purloinc1571 prowl1603 touch1631 pinch1632 to pick up1687 to speak with ——1725 knock1767 shab1787 jump1789 to speak to ——1800 shake1811 spice1819 sting1819 tap1879 to knock over1928 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. iv. 503 I ouerwhelme and contemne it thus in great, by retayle it spoyles and proules me. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 111 Were it not for prolling or molesting the People, his Majesty would give Mr. Bayes the Patent for it. 3. a. transitive. To go or roam through or over (a place or region), esp. on the lookout for prey; to traverse stealthily.In quot. a1657: †to steal in through (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > traverse stealthily [verb (transitive)] prowla1586 sneak1891 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (transitive)] > wander (one's way, etc.) > wander in, over, or about > in search of prey or plunder prowla1586 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xiv. sig. Y4^v He proules ech place stil in new colours deckt, Sucking ones ill, another to infect. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cclxxv, in Poems (1878) IV. 169 The invading Brine Prolls everie Seame. 1753 T. Gray Long Story in Six Poems 17 Who prowl'd the country far and near. 1785 S. J. Pratt Misc. I. 210 Like some malignant thing that prowls the wood. 1831 Acct. Colony Van Diemen's Land 53 Considerable numbers of the native hyena prowl the mountains..in quest of prey. 1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxli, in Monthly Packet Oct. 315 He prowled the streets in disguise. 1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. iv. xlviii. 217 As I prowled the forest and the flats with the herbalist, I noted that they collected boneset..cranesbill, male fern, maidenhair fern. 1966 T. Capote In Cold Blood iv. 217 Two thin grey toms..appeared with every twilight and prowled the Square, stopping to examine the cars parked around the periphery. 1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life i. i. 9 He was seventy-six years old..but he was always prowling the woods around his farm. b. transitive. Criminals' slang (originally U.S.). To examine or inspect (a place or person), esp. before committing a robbery; to ‘case’; to search through and rob stealthily.Although apparently overlapping with obsolete uses at 2, the chronology suggests this sense arose independently as an extension of 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > rob [verb (transitive)] > inspect before robbery drum1909 prowl1909 1908 J. M. Sullivan Criminal Slang 12 House-prowling, a flat-worker surveying the locality.] 1909 C. B. Chrysler White Slavery ix. 70 Going out and ‘prowling’ some house. 1926 J. Black You can't Win xi. 136 I'd rather ‘prowl’ one of them than any business man. 1926 J. Black You can't Win xx. 318 He magnanimously suggested that I ‘prowl the joint’ he lived in. 1943 R. Chandler Lady in Lake xii. 71 I went back to the kitchen and prowled the open shelves above and behind the sink. 1977 ‘M. Innes’ Honeybath's Haven xv. 137 Some sort of sneak-thief had conceivably been prowling the dead man's property. 2005 Columbian (Vancouver, Washington) (Nexis) 18 May c3 While one scam artist distracted a homeowner in the kitchen, the third prowled the house... When the men left, the victims found some of their money missing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1803v.c1395
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