| 释义 |
proxyn. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: procuracy n. Etymology: Originally a variant of procuracy n., now usually distinguished in form in the senses below. Compare proctor n.1In proxy minerals (see Compounds 2) after German stellvertretende Gemengtheile ( K. C. von Leonhard Charakteristik der Felsarten (1823) i. p. xi.). I. Senses relating to representation. society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun] society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > as deputy or representative [phrase] > by agency of another (Harl. 221) 414 Prokecye, procuracia. 1530 J. Palsgrave 258/2 Prockesy, procuration. 1548 f. cxlvjv [They] by proxie affied the young Lady. 1628 G. Wither 234 The voice by Proxi hold I not the least. 1647 N. Bacon 248 They..appeared either personally or by proxy. 1673 J. Dryden iv. v. 56 I have treated you with Ceremony already; for I have woo'd you by Proxy. 1720 G. Cockburn i. iv. 85 He must first undergo the Punishment either in Person or by Proxy. 1763 H. Walpole III. iv. 105 Not content to acquire glory by proxy. 1825 12 Feb. 167/2 Never trust any important operation to proxy; do it yourself, or see it done. 1879 H. James II. xxii. 42 He seemed hitherto to have been living by proxy, in a vision, in reflection..but this at last was life itself. 1932 E. Wharton 12 Oct. (1988) 556 When is the christening to take place? I should hate to have to mother my boy by proxy. 1992 11 Apr. 3 (advt.) A shareholder may attend and vote at the Annual General Meeting in person or by proxy. 2. society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document giving legal authority > specific c1460 in A. Clark (1907) 149 Þabbot and Couent standyng In owre presence By þere procuratour..and W. person of þe church of More tywe (Also By A procurator)..In whos procusies whas i-conteyned that þabbot, [etc.]. 1486 Indenture in G. T. Clark (1893) IV. 396 A proxci ofe theire fulle auctorite commyttede to the same Richarde. 1541 in J. C. Tingey (1910) II. 169 The master hath of euery proctor by yere viijs and vjd for hym yt writeth ye proxy. 1561 in W. H. Stevenson (1889) IV. 126 A sufficient proxye or letter of atturney. 1680 G. Hickes 66 Men may revoke their Proxies and Letters of Atturney. 1726 J. Ayliffe 421 The Warrant and Authority..which we in English call a Proxy. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > voting on behalf of another the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > voting on behalf of another > writing authorizing 1583 ii. ii. 37 The vpper house, whose consent and dissent is giuen by ech man seuerally and by himselfe, first for himselfe, and then seuerally for so many as he hath letters and proxies. 1587 W. Harrison (1877) ii. viii. i. 175 The consent of this [upper] house is giuen by each man seuerallie, first for himselfe..then..for so manie as he hath letters and proxies directed vnto him. 1642 King Charles I 25 They shall not be admitted to sit in the House of Peers, but onely to give their Proxies to such Protestant Lords as they shall chuse. 1649 12 That no Nobleman or Peer of this Realm..shall be hereafter capable of more Proxies then two, and that blanck Proxies shall be hereafter totally dis-allowed. a1650 S. D'Ewes anno 1580 (1682) 271/2 On Wednesday the first day of March, the Bill for the Explanation of the Statute against forging of Evidences was read tertia vice: which coming to the Question, and the Numbers of the Contents on the one side, and the numbers of the Not-contents on the other side found to be equal and alike with their Proxies, it was Commanded to be laid up in the Desk till the next Parliament. 1713 Ld. Bolingbroke 20 Jan. (1798) III. 331 I send your Grace two blank proxies, for fear of accidents. 1740–1 Duke of Newcastle Let. 4 Jan. in (1984) 53 I will send you a Proxy by..Tuesday's Post. Make your excuses, & be sure to let you know, when any particular Business comes into our House. 1775 II. 43 When the repeal of the stamp-act was brought into it..he even returned a proxy that was sent to him against the repeal. 1832 G. C. Lewis xii. 97 Representation, in its primary political sense, means..holding another's proxy. 1868 31 Mar. 99/2 Standing Order xxxii a. Ordered, That the Practice of calling for Proxies on a Division shall be discontinued. 1880 1287 Whoever votes upon the authority of an unstamped proxy is liable to the same penalty as the person who executed it. 1900 433 Stamps and Taxes Proxy to vote at a meeting 0. 0. 1d. 1947 20 Aug. 998/2 The vote was 20 to 0 with three proxies being voted by the chairman. 1991 7 Dec. 115/3 German banks..own directly 11.6% of all equity and hold a host of proxies from individual shareholders, thus in effect controlling about half of all German shares. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > means of signifying choice > voting-paper 1660 in (1850) I. 346 The remote Plantations that use to send Proxies at the Election by their Deputies. 1679 in (1858) III. 30 Voted,..that Capt'n Samuell Gorton and Mr. Caleb Carr shall open the proxies. 1755 W. Douglass (1760) II. 89 (Rhode I.) Formerly..the proxies or voters never exceeded 1300:..and anno 1749, the proxies were only 888. 1760 in (1883) Oct. 109 I am 200 ahead in the proxies. 1809 E. A. Kendall I. v. 32 The written votes or ballots which through a mistake or else abuse of terms, the statutes occasionally call proxies. 1816 J. Pickering 156 This use of the term proxies is not known..in any of the States, except Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is also used sometimes as equivalent to election, or election-day. 1885 13 406 The word prox or proxy is still used in Rhode Island, not to designate an election where proxies are used—the practice being abandoned—but to describe the printed ballots themselves. 3. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another 1585 T. Bilson ii. 145 The Abbesses and such as cannot come to send their proxies the liuetenant to bring with him his vnder officers and hundreders. 1614 T. Jackson iii. xxxii. §4 They..thus absolutely betrouth them to his Proxy or principall Agent here on earth. 1672 E. Ashmole vi. 193 Clause for a forreign Knight's Deputy to be conducted from the Chapter-house to his Stall; and for making an Election void, if the Knight send not his Proxy within seven months. 1723 J. Anderson 70 The old Grand-Master shall act as Proxy, and shall nominate the Deputy and Wardens in his name. 1765 W. Blackstone I. ii. 168 Another privilege is, that every peer..may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to vote for him in his absence. 1812 Duke of Wellington (1837) IX. 239 I am very much..flattered by your having been my proxy at the Installation of the Knights of the Bath. 1878 L. Villari tr. P. Villari (1898) I. iv. 181 Don Federigo her uncle as her proxy received the nuptial ring. 1934 L. Adamic x. 195 An old man unable to make his hadj before he died had asked him to come to Sarajevo, take a portion of his cash, then return as his proxy to Mecca. 1991 K. Jones xii. 143 It was Christina who looked after her, wrote letters for her and dealt with business matters as her proxy. 1639 T. Fuller ii. xiii. 62 Where the deed could not be present, the desire was a sufficient proxy. 1681 J. Oldham 139 I shou'd my self have gone, Nor made my Pen a proxy to my Tongue. 1703 N. Rowe i. i. 3 Heav'n..bad Sciolto's Bounty be its Proxy, To bless thy filial Virtue with Abundance. a1782 R. Bentley (1783) iv. v. 46 Sestius says nothing, but has delegated His nose to speak as proxy. You may hear it Snore hither. 1853 C. Patmore Girl of all Periods in (1906) 422 'Twixt her shapely lips, a violet Perch'd as a proxy for a cigarette. 1907 R. Hovey Holy Graal in V. i. i. 30 I stole Excalibur, The sword and scabbard, and for proxy left A false and brittle weapon by his bed. 1993 May 52/2 Leaving only lights of cities and fires to serve as ghostly proxies of the sites of human activity. 1920 30 169 He takes the power consumption as a proxy for the total output, whereas actually power consumption will only represent the output from the power-driven machinery. 1939 34 656 If data on the particular variable cannot be obtained, then it may be possible to introduce another variable as proxy for the missing factor. 1989 S. H. Schneider (1990) iii. 57 His map of the climatic optimum, derived from proxy data, stimulated much research on the reconstruction of the climate of the past 10,000 years. 2001 A. Wolfendale in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield 5 In so far as many of the gamma rays are produced by the interactions of cosmic rays with the ISM, and they travel in straight lines, they provide proxy indicators of cosmic ray intensities in other parts of the Galaxy. 2003 14 Feb. 16/3 RC secondary schools have a slightly higher-than-average proportion of children entitled to free school dinners—the standard proxy for deprivation. 1986 Re: Milking Machine Performance in comp.dcom.lans (Usenet newsgroup) 2 Dec. To use proxy ARP, you set things up so that your host issues an ARP request for every destination. The appropriate gateway responds to the ARP with its own Ethernet address. 1988 Re: Query regarding ACLs in comp.os.vms (Usenet newsgroup) 11 May This agent process..runs under a proxy account on your system assuming you have proxies setup and you've setup one for remote (100,20). 1996 Spring 58/2 Depending on the variety of internal machines that will be accessing the firewall, the proxies or the services on the internal machines may have to be modified to work with the homebuilt firewall. 2004 (Nexis) 13 Mar. c3 There has been a move toward Internet ‘proxies’ as a way to mask identities. By using this technique, the connection between the uploaders and the downloaders is interrupted by a digital middleman. †II. Senses relating to provision. society > faith > worship > benefice > other financial matters > [noun] > payment made for specific purpose > to provide entertainment 1454 in (1915) 31 p. lvii (MED) It., for my Master Archedekyns proxies, vij s. vi d. 1531–2 in D. Laing (1861) 197 For the proxis, creme-stok, synodals and denis visitacioun xliii s. x d. 1534 King Henry VIII in J. Bacon (1786) p. xiv Except only suche annuell and perpetuall rentts, pensions,..proxïs, and fees for officers, as before specyally ys mencyoned. 1661 J. Stephens 37 The Bishop of Meth..had a Proxie of 15s. 4d payable yearly out of the Commandery of Kells. 1661 J. Stephens 46 'Twas noted that the same which we call Proxie or Procuracy, is termed by the Canonists Procuratio, because that in every Visitation the persons visited procured necessary provision for the Visitors... But afterwards..Proxies [were] reduced to a certain sum of money payable yearly in the nature of a Pension to the Ordinary, who had power of visitation. 1725 J. Swift 28 June The other fifty must go in a curate and visitation charges,—proxies I mean. 1753 W. Cockburn i. 4 If a Rector..substracts from an Archbishop..Proxies due on account of his ordinary Visitation; he may be sued in a Cause of Substraction of Proxies or Procurations. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton 553/1 Proxies, annual payments made by the parochial clergy to the bishop, &c., on visitation . Compounds C1. a. In sense ‘done by proxy’. 1879 ‘E. Garrett’ I. 168 No proffered money, no proxy help, would have softened the strange crust which was suddenly forming over Lois's feelings. 1980 29 Mar. 6/3 What we think of as detente is, to them, a free hand to push ‘wars of liberation’ with or without the proxy help of Cubans or East Germans. 2003 (Nexis) 5 Nov. a11 The Vietnam war was so drawn out because it was sustained by massive outside aid from the Soviet Union and China. It had huge proxy help against America. 1719 J. Harris 94/2 This Kind of Proxy-Marriage (usual enough among Princes) was solemnized in this Town. 1860 in R. L. Ellis et al. XI. 318 (note) On the 20th of December the proxy marriage was acknowledged by Katherine and approved by Ferdinand and Isabella. 1900 3 574/1 It all comes of those proxy marriages. 2004 (Nexis) 8 Apr. 10 He vows to return, even promises a proxy marriage but after 25 years' absence he finally admits to having wed another. 1826 T. Hood Stag-eyed Lady vi, in 83 And drummed with proxy-prayers Mohammed's ear. 2005 (Nexis) 21 Sept. 1 a The proxy prayer, which Eaton said he first saw 20 years ago, is an effective way to pray for somebody who is at a far-away local. 1716 in (1859) IV. 208 This act has no reference to proxy votes, which are to be signed according to former custom. 1843 W. R. Staples 65 Such of the colony as could not attend the General Assembly had the right to send their votes for these officers by some other persons; hence the origin of the terms prox, and proxy votes, as applied to the present mode of voting for state officers in Rhode-Island. 1996 26 June 33/8 The Franco-American lawyer in charge of collecting proxy votes from small Eurotunnel shareholders. b. 1906 22 Mar. 1/7 (heading) Proxy fight shortened. 1951 60 316 Only a rival stockholder willing to engage in a proxy fight, or a rebellious management denying him access to the proxy machinery, could unseat him. 2005 (Nexis) 24 Apr. 4 Icahn launched a proxy fight to install three directors, including himself, on the board..with a view to..eventually controlling the board. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > voting on behalf of another > writing authorizing 1852 2 Oct. 4/2 A resolution was then passed, ordering that the proxy forms to be sent out to all Shareholders. 1930 6 Sept. 453/2 Accordingly they may, and should, use the company's money for the printing and postage of proxy forms. 1990 13 July 18/1 Whatever you do, don't leave Resolutions 14 and 15..unchecked on your proxy form. 1696 W. Stephens 16 Whether an Oath of Abjuration laid upon the Jacobites Proxy-men, will put an end to this Corruption. 1988 Re: SNMP/SGMP/ASN.1 Information Request in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet newsgroup) 24 Oct. I'm implementing an SNMP proxy server for some bridges and gateways that don't support SGMP or SNMP. 1995 Sept. 7 (advt.) Caching proxy server improves performance and provides enhanced security for all Internet accesses by your staff. 2003 Nov. 120/2 On your CD this month you'll find the rather excellent SpamWeed 1.2.1 which acts as a proxy server, heading spam off at the pass. the world > the supernatural > the occult > spiritualism > [noun] > seance > types of 1927 N. Walker iii. iv. 139 I had known about practically nothing that was mentioned in the two previous proxy Leonard sittings.] 1933 41 139 (title) A consideration of a series of proxy sittings. 1948 57 393 Telepathy is again invoked as the source of supernormal material: a well-worn hypothesis, which fails to cover the data obtained by proxy-sittings, cross-correspondences and so forth. 2001 (Nexis) 1 Nov. 44 During the proxy sitting, one medium described Vandy as having been involved with ‘machinery’. society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > limited war 1907 22 Oct. 2/2 Fish ahead in proxy war... It is declared by the Fish forces and privately admitted by the other side that as the vote stood Mr. Fish was ahead. 1918 26 Apr. 6/1 It is not a proxy war now, no sentimental assistance to imperiled neighbors; it is a finish fight between Germany and America. 1968 F. Exley iv. 120 Robert R. Young, the powder-haired, tassel-toed, dapper little financier out of Texas, had just won control of the company in that now-famous proxy war. 1998 25 June 55/4 They also believe that a vengeful Pakistan has fomented and aided all the violent secessionist movements in India in the last two decades—has, in effect, conducted a proxy war against India. 1847 Ld. Tennyson i. 13 She to me Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf At eight years old. a1916 J. Todhunter (1927) 9 I am a queen by proxy, proxy-wooed, And proxy-wedded; and by rule of state Should love King Mark by proxy. the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal lattice > [adjective] > occurrence in place of 1931 A. Johannsen I. 189 ‘Proxy-minerals’ is a translation of the German words stellvertretende Gemengteile, used by von Leonhard for minerals which take the place of other minerals in a rock; i.e., proxy them but do not replace them in the sense of molecular replacement... Thus if a certain type rock contains biotite, and another is like it in every way except that the dark mineral is hornblende, then in the latter the hornblende proxies biotite, and hornblende is the proxy-mineral. 1949 F. H. Hatch et al. (ed. 10) i. ii. 69 These Al‴ atoms which function as silicons are ‘proxy Al's’, and each unit contains two of these. 1965 A. W. G. Whittle in G. J. Williams x. 150/2 It is probable that an appreciable amount of ‘proxy-nickel’ was leached during the hydrothermal alteration of the peridotites to serpentinites. 2001 301 1 In cases where isotopic proxy minerals are sampled from localities where temperature will change simultaneously with elevation change, the apparent change in the isotopic composition of precipitation may be dampened by several permil. Derivatives society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun] 1776 H. Mann Let. Sept. in J. Doran (1876) II. xiii. 301 My proxyhood made a pompous article in the Italian Gazettes. 1990 New Ser. 40 173 The impetus was from thinking of knowledge of Forms in the middle period as roughly equivalent to knowledge-by-acquaintance and, concomitantly, thinking of the meaning of names as simple proxyhood. 2004 (Nexis) 8 Nov. ‘There are degrees of proxyhood,’ says Mart, referring to the idea of enlisting or implicating another person as a vessel to fulfill the needs created by a disorder. society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun] 1674 D. Brevint xvi. 394 The same Correspondency, and Proxiship between these Spirits, and their Images. 1873 E. F. Burr 77 He, too, most important to be known and with glorious claims to admiration and love, should object to being practically lost in an abyss of proxyship. 1912 14 Sept. 2/4 One proxyship has failed and the people will do some serious thinking before trying another. 2000 M. Inwood vii. 77 If I have to die in person, not just by proxy, then again I cannot be related, in my death or my dying, to other people by the relation of proxyship or representation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). proxyv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: proxy n. 1. 1765 J. Elphinston II. iii. viii. 210 Unless the direct object be proxied by it feeble or its plural them. 1786 3 June 3/1 Prince Edward was proxied by Prince Adolphus. 1809 C. Dibdin iii. 117 To be..voted freedom through the nation, Proxied by some old corporation. 1966 33 6 It seems preferable to view (10) [sc. an equation] as a version of the second approach, with Lf proxying L*. 1994 Oct. 342 The non-fare components of tourism prices are often proxied by consumer price indices (CPI) in tourism demand models. 1846 J. Mackintosh in J. E. Worcester Proxy, to vote or act by the agency of another. 1926 8 Mar. 6/2 ‘Ma’ Ferguson..has been proxying for her husband in the position of governor. 1979 S. Weintraub iv. 114 When Frederic was unable to go to a premiere..Ruth would..proxy for her father, who would compile a dispatch from her notes. 1991 10 145 On the second reading of the repeal of the Navigation Acts, 356 peers either voted in person or proxied or paired. the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal lattice > [verb] > occurrence in place of 1922 A. Johannsen in 30 640 The [German] author says a ‘gabbro tendency’ is shown, and that diallage is proxied by an amphibole of similar chemical composition. 1931 A. Johannsen I. 189 ‘Proxy-minerals’ is a translation of the German words stellvertretende Gemengteile, used by von Leonhard [in 1823] for minerals which take the place of other minerals in a rock; i.e., proxy them but do not replace them in the sense of molecular replacement. 1946 31 423 In tetrahedral positions Al proxies part of the Si. 1963 W. A. Deer et al. II. 353 The richterite..has an unusually high content of titanium some of which may proxy for silicon in tetrahedral positions. 2003 41 201 Magnussonite shows..an intermediate Cl content of 0.6–0.7 atoms per formula unit proxying for OH. Derivatives the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal lattice > [noun] > occurrence in place of 1853 C. Dickens viii. 74 There had been a quantity of printing, and promising, and proxying, and polling. 1946 31 424 Other variables in the chemical composition [of the montmorillonite group of minerals] are..the proxying of OH by F as in the micas. 1998 (Nexis) 24 Nov. Why wasn't the tally and proxying done before this meeting? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1440 v.1765 |
