pruceadj.

Forms:

α. Middle English brewes, Middle English pluce (transmission error), Middle English prews, Middle English prose, Middle English prowce, Middle English prus, Middle English–1500s pruse, Middle English–1500s 1700s pruce, 1700s pruche; also Scottish pre-1700 prevyse, pre-1700 prus, pre-1700 prusce, pre-1700 pruys.

β. Middle English prasse, Middle English pres, Middle English prese, Middle English presse.

See also pruss n.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Pruys, Pruce.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman Pruys, Pruz and Middle French Pruce, Prusse (French Prusse ), the name of Prussia (late 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin Prussia (see Prussian n. and adj.). Compare post-classical Latin prucia , prusia spruce wood (from 14th cent. in British sources, also pruceum ). Compare spruce adj.¹The β. forms may perhaps reflect association with press n.¹ or press v.¹ Variants of the place name include the following: α. ME Pruys , ME Pruyse , ME Pruyss , ME Pruysse , ME Pryuc (transmission error), ME 16 Prus , ME–15 Prusse , ME–16 Pruse , ME–16 (19– hist.) Pruce . β. lME Prays . Compare: ▸ c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 53 Abouen alle nacions in Pruce [v.r. pryuc].a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 169 Of the commoditees of Pruse.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 199 Ser Herri, erl of Derby, sailed into Prus.a1500 (a1470) Brut (BL Add. 10099) 515 Robert of Cane..toke A gret flote of shippes..which shippes wer of Prays, Flaundres, Holand, & Zeland.1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 113 At Chalons, occasion offered stay, In our returne from Pruce, to enter Fraunce.1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 11 Six Hulks from Hull..Which had them oft accompanied to Pruce.a1631 R. Cotton Antiq. & Dignity Parl. (1680) 8 The Peace with the Merchants of Pruce, and the Hanse-Towns, is debated, and a Proclamation published.1901 Amer. Hist. Rev. 6 549 Giving us luminous chapters on Timur the Tartar and on the wars in Pruce, led him, above all, to trace the fortunes of the Latin Church.1907 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 38 103 This suggests the second reason for dating his career in Pruce, Lettow, and Ruce, or at least one of his campaigns there, immediately before his pilgrimage to Canterbury.1999 Prague Post (Nexis) 15 Dec. In medieval times, spruce was the name for Pruce, i.e., Prussia; the tree apparently was first known as native to this region. The name also occurs in the compound Pruceland : c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 393 I sent ouer see my seruauntz to Bruges, Or in-to Pruslonde [v.rr. pruys londe, Pruce lond, spruce land; c1400 C text vii. 279 prus, spruce, pruys-lond] my prentys, my profit to wayten.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2835 Paynymes of Pruyslande, prekkers full noble, Come prekkande before with Priamous knyghttez.a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 170 Castyle, Cesyle, coleyn, & swethyn, Pruselonde, florence..Many moo londes þat I can-not neuene.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xcv Marques Albert of Brandenburge was by the kyng of Pole made Duke of Pruselande.1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce 168 Coninxburghe, the seat of the Dukes of Prusland. It is uncertain whether examples such as the following reflect the Anglo-Norman or Middle English place name, or reflect lexical use in either language denoting Prussian or spruce fir wood:1388 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/239/7) m.1 Vna tabula de Pruce plicata cum tristill.1403 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 326 Unam cistam de prwys.1462 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 37, No. 4b) 1 mensa de prewse.1496 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 38 Unam cistam de pruce. The following examples may simply show the English place name, or may show use as noun denoting Prussian leather, or (in the case of quot. 1700) denoting Prussian or spruce fir wood (this quot. shows an echo of quot. c1385 at sense 1):1586 Inventory Sir Edward Littleton in J. West Village Rec. (1982) iv. 110 Imprimis, one black armour of prouse, to serve one horse.1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 50 Some for Defence would Leathern Bucklers use..others Shields of Pruce. Compare early use as a surname: Geoffrey Pruce (1276), although it is uncertain whether this reflects use of the place name in Anglo-Norman or Middle English. Currency of a compound Pruceman a Prussian (compare 2) is apparently implied by the surname Nichel Pruceman (1391).

Obsolete.

1. Esp. of items of furniture: made of spruce fir. The sense in some of these quots. may simply be ‘made in Prussia’, without specification of the wood used.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > fir > type of

pruce1377

spruce1415

1377 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/213/6) m. 2 vj Prassebordes cum vj trestell. precii xx d.

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2122 Som wol haue a peire plates large And som wol haue a Pruce [v.rr. Pruce plate, pluce plate] sheeld or a targe.

1396–7 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 437 (MED) Item, ii prucetablez.

1415 Inventory in Archaeologia (1918) 70 88 (MED) Item, vn Pruce-chest liez ou ferre.

1430 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 12 (MED) Pruse coferys.

1448 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 12 j. pruce hutche.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 (MED) As for the prews coffre, alwey I wille remayne to my hefd place.

1478 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 27, No. 6) Attachiatus est per 1 pruce tabyll.

1480 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 51, No. 4) Attachiatus est per 1 pruce chest.

2. = Prussian adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > Prussia

spruce1378

pruce1389

Prussian1702

Borussian1718

1389 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 130 (MED) Stane of prus garne & a stane of twyne.

1402 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 16 Pro cariagio iiijor carectatarum cum prusware.

1467 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 616 (MED) Item, pro vi dussenis pruce purces.

c1500 Blowbols Test. 224 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 102 An hundredth marke of pruce money fyne.

1556 Dundee Burgh Court Bks. III. f. 66^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pruce Ten s. the pruce merk.

Compounds

pruce beer n. a fermented drink made with an extract from the leaves and branches of the spruce fir; = spruce beer n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > non-malted brews > [noun] > spruce beer

pruce beer1576

spruce beer1706

spruce1741

prussa1771

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. v. f. 127^v Of colour darcke, Yelowish, like vnto Pruse Bier.

1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. vii. 379 Turned into pruche or spruss beer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pruce
释义	pruceadj. Forms: α. Middle English brewes, Middle English pluce (transmission error), Middle English prews, Middle English prose, Middle English prowce, Middle English prus, Middle English–1500s pruse, Middle English–1500s 1700s pruce, 1700s pruche; also Scottish pre-1700 prevyse, pre-1700 prus, pre-1700 prusce, pre-1700 pruys. β. Middle English prasse, Middle English pres, Middle English prese, Middle English presse. See also pruss n. Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Pruys, Pruce. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman Pruys, Pruz and Middle French Pruce, Prusse (French Prusse ), the name of Prussia (late 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin Prussia (see Prussian n. and adj.). Compare post-classical Latin prucia , prusia spruce wood (from 14th cent. in British sources, also pruceum ). Compare spruce adj.¹The β. forms may perhaps reflect association with press n.¹ or press v.¹ Variants of the place name include the following: α. ME Pruys , ME Pruyse , ME Pruyss , ME Pruysse , ME Pryuc (transmission error), ME 16 Prus , ME–15 Prusse , ME–16 Pruse , ME–16 (19– hist.) Pruce . β. lME Prays . Compare: ▸ c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 53 Abouen alle nacions in Pruce [v.r. pryuc].a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 169 Of the commoditees of Pruse.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 199 Ser Herri, erl of Derby, sailed into Prus.a1500 (a1470) Brut (BL Add. 10099) 515 Robert of Cane..toke A gret flote of shippes..which shippes wer of Prays, Flaundres, Holand, & Zeland.1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 113 At Chalons, occasion offered stay, In our returne from Pruce, to enter Fraunce.1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 11 Six Hulks from Hull..Which had them oft accompanied to Pruce.a1631 R. Cotton Antiq. & Dignity Parl. (1680) 8 The Peace with the Merchants of Pruce, and the Hanse-Towns, is debated, and a Proclamation published.1901 Amer. Hist. Rev. 6 549 Giving us luminous chapters on Timur the Tartar and on the wars in Pruce, led him, above all, to trace the fortunes of the Latin Church.1907 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 38 103 This suggests the second reason for dating his career in Pruce, Lettow, and Ruce, or at least one of his campaigns there, immediately before his pilgrimage to Canterbury.1999 Prague Post (Nexis) 15 Dec. In medieval times, spruce was the name for Pruce, i.e., Prussia; the tree apparently was first known as native to this region. The name also occurs in the compound Pruceland : c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 393 I sent ouer see my seruauntz to Bruges, Or in-to Pruslonde [v.rr. pruys londe, Pruce lond, spruce land; c1400 C text vii. 279 prus, spruce, pruys-lond] my prentys, my profit to wayten.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2835 Paynymes of Pruyslande, prekkers full noble, Come prekkande before with Priamous knyghttez.a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 170 Castyle, Cesyle, coleyn, & swethyn, Pruselonde, florence..Many moo londes þat I can-not neuene.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xcv Marques Albert of Brandenburge was by the kyng of Pole made Duke of Pruselande.1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce 168 Coninxburghe, the seat of the Dukes of Prusland. It is uncertain whether examples such as the following reflect the Anglo-Norman or Middle English place name, or reflect lexical use in either language denoting Prussian or spruce fir wood:1388 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/239/7) m.1 Vna tabula de Pruce plicata cum tristill.1403 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 326 Unam cistam de prwys.1462 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 37, No. 4b) 1 mensa de prewse.1496 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 38 Unam cistam de pruce. The following examples may simply show the English place name, or may show use as noun denoting Prussian leather, or (in the case of quot. 1700) denoting Prussian or spruce fir wood (this quot. shows an echo of quot. c1385 at sense 1):1586 Inventory Sir Edward Littleton in J. West Village Rec. (1982) iv. 110 Imprimis, one black armour of prouse, to serve one horse.1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 50 Some for Defence would Leathern Bucklers use..others Shields of Pruce. Compare early use as a surname: Geoffrey Pruce (1276), although it is uncertain whether this reflects use of the place name in Anglo-Norman or Middle English. Currency of a compound Pruceman a Prussian (compare 2) is apparently implied by the surname Nichel Pruceman (1391). Obsolete. 1. Esp. of items of furniture: made of spruce fir. The sense in some of these quots. may simply be ‘made in Prussia’, without specification of the wood used. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > fir > type of pruce1377 spruce1415 1377 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/213/6) m. 2 vj Prassebordes cum vj trestell. precii xx d. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2122 Som wol haue a peire plates large And som wol haue a Pruce [v.rr. Pruce plate, pluce plate] sheeld or a targe. 1396–7 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 437 (MED) Item, ii prucetablez. 1415 Inventory in Archaeologia (1918) 70 88 (MED) Item, vn Pruce-chest liez ou ferre. 1430 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 12 (MED) Pruse coferys. 1448 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 12 j. pruce hutche. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 (MED) As for the prews coffre, alwey I wille remayne to my hefd place. 1478 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 27, No. 6) Attachiatus est per 1 pruce tabyll. 1480 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 51, No. 4) Attachiatus est per 1 pruce chest. 2. = Prussian adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > Prussia spruce1378 pruce1389 Prussian1702 Borussian1718 1389 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 130 (MED) Stane of prus garne & a stane of twyne. 1402 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 16 Pro cariagio iiijor carectatarum cum prusware. 1467 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 616 (MED) Item, pro vi dussenis pruce purces. c1500 Blowbols Test. 224 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 102 An hundredth marke of pruce money fyne. 1556 Dundee Burgh Court Bks. III. f. 66^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pruce Ten s. the pruce merk. Compounds pruce beer n. a fermented drink made with an extract from the leaves and branches of the spruce fir; = spruce beer n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > non-malted brews > [noun] > spruce beer pruce beer1576 spruce beer1706 spruce1741 prussa1771 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. v. f. 127^v Of colour darcke, Yelowish, like vnto Pruse Bier. 1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. vii. 379 Turned into pruche or spruss beer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1377
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