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purificationn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purificaciun, purification; Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman purificaciun, purificacioun, and Anglo-Norman and Middle French purification, purificacion ritual cleansing in accordance with Jewish religious laws, especially with regard to the ceremonial purification of the Virgin Mary (end of 12th cent. in Old French), process of making (a soul) morally or spiritually pure (a1374), religious practices of ritual cleansing generally (1580), removal of impurities from a substance (in chemistry) (1688), cleansing of sacred vessels during the Eucharist (1694), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō action or process of making ritually clean (Pliny), in post-classical Latin specifically the ritual cleansing of a woman after childbirth through the observances enjoined by Jewish law (Vulgate), also spiritual justification of a sinner (3rd cent.), churching of women (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), action of making physically clean (from 15th cent. in British sources; 1542 in the passage translated in quot. 1597 at sense 3a) < pūrificāt- , past participial stem of pūrificāre purify v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Old Occitan purificatio (14th cent. or earlier; Occitan purificacion ), Catalan purificació (end of 13th cent.), Spanish purificación (1235 as purification ), Portuguese purificaçao (14th cent. as purificaçom ), Italian purificazione (13th cent.). Compare purifying n.With the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.) at sense 1b compare post-classical Latin purificatio Beatae Mariae, purificatio Sanctae Mariae (from 10th cent. (frequently from 11th cent.) in British sources), and Anglo-Norman Purificacion de Notre Dame and Old French, Middle French Purification Nostre Dame (13th cent. or earlier). 1. society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] > of women, following childbirth c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 25 Sothli, a questioun, or axyng, is maad of Johnis disciplis with the Jewis of the purificacioun, or clensing [L. de Purificatione]. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 60 Ȝit stode that worthy lady of all the world in that symple herborwe with hir blissed sone Jesu..paciently abidynge vnto the fourty day ordeyned by the lawe to hir purificacioun. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 276 (MED) Þe lawe was þat tyme that eche woman shud go to chirche in tyme of hire purificacion. 1549 (STC 16267) f. xxx (heading) The order of the purificacion of weomen. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch 34 The feast of Lupercalia..is ordeined for a purification. 1609 I. Lev. xii. 6 And when the daies of her purification are expired, for a sonne, or for a daughter, she shal bring a lambe of a yeare old for an holocaust. 1671 J. Sharp v. i. 233 A woman delivered of a Boy, must continue in her purification thirty three dayes, and for a girl sixty six days. 1741 C. Middleton I. i. 6 This name was..imposed..on the ninth day, called the lustrical, or day of purification. 1769 W. Buchan i. 91 The Mahometan, as well as the Jewish religion, enjoins various bathings, washings, and purifications. 1841 M. Elphinstone I. i. iv. 83 More than half of one book of the [Brahminical] Code is filled with rules about purification. 1892 E. P. Barrow i. 56 The proselyte's bath of Levitical purification. 1921 J. Hastings XII. 128/2 We find a striking resemblance to the American customs in Herodotus's description of the use of the sweat-bath among the Scythians as a means of purification, after mourning. 1926 17 12 The woman after childbirth in this instance had already observed the time of her purification, as prescribed in Lev. 12, 2, but had not immersed yet. 2000 119 730 A more striking example of ellipsis is the consistent omission of ablutions in the purification prescribed for contact with prohibited carcasses. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Candlemas > [noun] OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr (1914) 214 Ge sculon on þam mæssedæge, þe is gehaten purificatio sanctę Marię, bletsian candela and beran mid lofsange.] 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 49 (MED) Þe secunde morspeche shal bene aftir þe Purificacioun of our leuedy. ?1444 J. Gresham in (2004) II. 14 Wretyn..þe Wednesseday next to-fore þe fest of the Purificacion of Oure Lady at London. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk (Gough) (1905) 57 (MED) This day, good men, is called þe puryfycacyon of our lady; þat ys yn Englyssche tong, þe clansyng of oure lady. 1548 f. xxijv After the Purificacion of our Lady, the Kyng created Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle. 1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law (1901) 177 Febrvar..2, Kandelmes whilk is the purificatione of our Lady vnder Augustus. 1635 J. Reynolds (new ed.) vi. 357 They conclude to finish this businesse the second night after, which..was the very Eve of the purification of the blessed Virgin Mary. 1670 J. Pettus 18 To hold from the Feast of the Purification next, for 40 years. 1750 A. Bower II. 227 The Feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary..is thought by some to have been introduced in the room of the Lupercalia, which were kept on the same Day. a1771 T. Martin (1779) xi. 103 The abbot and convent further granted, that..they should receive of the cellerer yearly fifty two shillings, on the feasts of the Purification and of St. John Baptist. 1845 S. Judd iii. 421 Why should we observe the Purification of the Virgin Mary, St. Michael's Day or Ash-Wednesday? 1880 F. Meyrick in W. Smith & S. Cheetham II. 1140/2 The Purification... As first instituted, this was not a Festival of St. Mary, but of our Lord; and so it has always remained in the Eastern church. 1950 65 871 The account seems to run from the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary. 1998 17 240 Candlemas was the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary and the recognition of Christ as Messiah by Simeon. society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification a1560 287/275 Haill, verray virginite..Quhais purificacioun Of syne wes our purgacioun. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor iii. 62 Water [in baptism] is the symbol of purification of the soul from sin. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler II. 131 A person who, for the purification of his soul, ought to remain in Purgatory a hundred thousand years. 1793 30 Sept. 3/2 Some Citizens demanded that all the girls of the town should be thrown into prison, as their houses were the nests of the Aristocrats, and they require purification. 1842 C. Dickens I. iii. 117 To make his prison a place of purification and improvement, not of demoralisation and corruption. 1849 A. Alison (new ed.) I. ii. 168 [Rousseau's essay] on the question—‘Have the arts and sciences contributed to the corruption or purification of morals?’ 1912 XIII. 298/1 The purification of the soul by grace. 2002 61 498 Pushkin's lucid awareness of the difficulty of achieving the required level of moral purification meant that the poet..could not achieve the status of a true prophet. 3. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] 1597 tr. R. Bacon Disc. Force Art & Nature in 81 As for purification [L. purificatio], distillation, separation, sublimation, calcination, and inquisition, they are fellow-workers with the former [sc. congelation, resolution, etc.]. 1661 R. Boyle Ess. Unsuccessf. Exper. i, in (1772) I. 327 I discerned a considerable difference in the operations of several kinds of salt-petre even after purification. 1703 tr. P. Dionis 142 I do not assert, that the Liver contributes nothing towards the refining of the Blood: But 'twill here be necessary to set forth the manner of this Purification. 1798 J. Austen 27 Oct. (1995) 18 John Steevens' wife undertakes our Purification; she does not look as if anything she touched would ever be clean, but who knows? 1802 8 465 He is minute in his directions for its purification and preparation. 1835 A. Ure 66 The art of the tallow-chandler. Purification of spermaceti. 1913 6th Ser. 26 707 Preparation and purification of the gases. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. (ed. 13) I. xxxi. 825/2 Stepwise purifications of these crude..extracts were made and the compound has not been obtained in pure form. 2000 W. R. Newman in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere ii. 37 The De Aluminibus et Salibus describes rock salt (sal gemma), table salt (sal panis),..and others, giving detailed instructions for their purification. society > faith > worship > parts of service > post-communion > [noun] > cleansing of chalice 1768 P. Baker ii. xiv. 167 I observe after this he takes another Ablution, and that with Water and Wine. Why this?.. It..serves for a thorough and further Purification of the Chalice. 1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi 49 He..takes the purification [It. purificazione] and ablution as usual, cleanses the chalice..with a purificator. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold (ed. 3) App. Purification, as distinct from ablution, is the pouring of wine into the chalice after the priest's communion, the wine being drunk by the priest. This purification is not of ancient date. 1961 19 164 These were probably originally used during the service for the preparation of the oblations and the purification of the chalice after communion. 1999 M. Witczak in A. J. Chupungco III. vi. 167 The purification of the vessels, which used to take place at the center of the altar, now can take place at a side table. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > purification or refinement 1753 T. Smollett I. i. 5 You..are one of those consummate connoissers, who, in their purifications, let humour evaporate, while they endeavour to preserve decorum. 1793 T. Beddoes 132 The purification of the Greek grammar from a few of its absurdities. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke III. 395 Zwingli demanded..the purification of the council from the ungodly. 1861 T. Wright II. xiv. 59 The invention of printing..contributed towards the final purification of the English language. 1910 I. 97/2 It added to its objects the study of Dante and the purification of the Italian language. 1964 J. Etmekjian 74 The greatest contribution of the Mkhit'arists lies in the purification of the classical language... The modern Armenian theatre was born in Mkhit'arist schools. 1994 66 112 Historians have revealed German medicine and German doctors providing pseudoscientific justification for the ‘purification of the race’. Compounds 1866 1 116 Annie asked about its [sc. the snowdrop's] names, and she mentioned..‘the morning star of flowers’, ‘fair maid of February’, ‘purification flower’. 1965 23 July 14/6 At Candlemas these ‘purification flowers’ were used to decorate the altar. 1987 98 198 Along the Welsh Border, when the decorations were removed a bowl of snowdrops, the special flower of Candlemas, was sometimes brought in to drive out evil... One of the snowdrop's popular names was the ‘purification flower’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1384 |
