pulmonaten.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpʌlməneɪt/,

/ˈpʊlməneɪt/,

/ˈpʌlmənət/,

/ˈpʊlmənət/, U.S.

/ˈpəlməˌneɪt/,

/ˈpəlmənət/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: Latin pulmōn- , pulmō , -ate suffix¹.

Etymology: < classical Latin pulmōn-, pulmō lung (see pulme n.) + -ate suffix¹. In senses A. 1 and B. 1, after scientific Latin Pulmonata, subclass name ( C. G. Ehrenberg Symbolae Physicae (1831) IV. 75). Compare scientific Latin pulmonatus (1775 as a species name), French pulmoné , adjective (1814 in sense B. 1: Cuvier cited by H. de Blainville 1814, in Bull. des sci. par la Soc. Philomatique de Paris 4 178; 1955 or earlier in sense B. 2), pulmonés , plural noun ( Cuvier Règne animal (1817) II. 401, in sense A. 1). Compare earlier pulmonated adj.

Zoology.

A. n.

1. Any of various gastropod molluscs comprising the subclass or order Pulmonata, characterized by adaptation of the mantle cavity for breathing air, and including all terrestrial and many freshwater species of gastropod.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > member of

snailc725

dodmana1563

pulmonian1839

pulmonate1842

lung snail1909

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 997/2 Pulmonates, Pulmonata, the name of an order of Gastropodous Mollusks, including those which breathe air.

1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 502 There are..in the coal formation of Nova Scotia a Pupa and a Conulus or Zonites, generically allied to living pulmonates.

1882 G. W. Tryon Conchology I. 253 The shells of terrestrial pulmonates are inoperculate.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 31 Every adaptation we shall later find in the opisthobranchs and pulmonates, the mesogastropods seem somewhere to have attempted for themselves.

1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) iii. 88 The oldest known freshwater Pulmonates appear to be Physa and Planorbis of the Purbeck Beds.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) viii. 219/1 The pulmonates are the only molluscs that have made a really successful transition to land.

†2. Any of various arachnids (as spiders and scorpions) which breathe by means of book lungs (sometimes classified in a group Pulmonata). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > member of > having particular means of respiration > pulmonary

pulmonary1835

pulmonate1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Pulmonate, a member of the Pulmonata in either sense, as a snail or a spider.

B. adj.

1. Designating or relating to gastropod molluscs of the subclass or order Pulmonata, characterized by adaptation of the mantle cavity for breathing air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [adjective] > having lungs or gills

gilled1771

pulmonary1833

pulmonated1834

branchiated1835

branchiferous1851

pulmonate1853

notobranchious1857

branchiate1870

notobranchiate1870

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [adjective] > pulmonary

pulmonary1833

pulmonate1853

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [adjective] > belonging to order Pulmonifera

pulmonary1833

pulmoniferous1834

pulmobranchiate1841

pulmonate1853

1853 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 47 Leuckart considers that the oral lobes of the pulmonate embryo are the homologues of the ciliated vela.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. iii. 363 As late as the Carboniferous period there were only reptiles, insects, and pulmonate mollusks.

1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 152 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 On Aporemodon, a remarkable new Pulmonate genus.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 42 A long anterior canal is never developed in pulmonate shells.

1995 P. J. Hayward et al. in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe x. 572/1 The pulmonate gastropods are primarily adapted to terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

2. In wider use: having or involving lungs, or respiratory organs similar to lungs; esp. (of certain arachnids) breathing air by means of book lungs. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1881 E. R. Lankester in Proc. Royal Soc. 32 391 I am anxious to place on record the chief grounds which appear to me to exist for classifying Limulus with Arachnida in very close association with the pulmonate members of that class.

1894 Amer. Naturalist 28 223 The pulmonate type of respiration—intermediate between the gills of the Gigantostraca and the tracheæ of the higher Arachnids.

1901 Amer. Naturalist 35 895 The siredon is..morphologically a pulmonate or ‘air-breathing’ animal.

1987 Nature 16 Apr. 645/3 These pulmonate scorpions first appeared in the late Carboniferous.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pulmonate
释义	pulmonaten.adj. Brit. /ˈpʌlməneɪt/, /ˈpʊlməneɪt/, /ˈpʌlmənət/, /ˈpʊlmənət/, U.S. /ˈpəlməˌneɪt/, /ˈpəlmənət/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: Latin pulmōn- , pulmō , -ate suffix¹. Etymology: < classical Latin pulmōn-, pulmō lung (see pulme n.) + -ate suffix¹. In senses A. 1 and B. 1, after scientific Latin Pulmonata, subclass name ( C. G. Ehrenberg Symbolae Physicae (1831) IV. 75). Compare scientific Latin pulmonatus (1775 as a species name), French pulmoné , adjective (1814 in sense B. 1: Cuvier cited by H. de Blainville 1814, in Bull. des sci. par la Soc. Philomatique de Paris 4 178; 1955 or earlier in sense B. 2), pulmonés , plural noun ( Cuvier Règne animal (1817) II. 401, in sense A. 1). Compare earlier pulmonated adj. Zoology. A. n. 1. Any of various gastropod molluscs comprising the subclass or order Pulmonata, characterized by adaptation of the mantle cavity for breathing air, and including all terrestrial and many freshwater species of gastropod. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > member of snailc725 dodmana1563 pulmonian1839 pulmonate1842 lung snail1909 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 997/2 Pulmonates, Pulmonata, the name of an order of Gastropodous Mollusks, including those which breathe air. 1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 502 There are..in the coal formation of Nova Scotia a Pupa and a Conulus or Zonites, generically allied to living pulmonates. 1882 G. W. Tryon Conchology I. 253 The shells of terrestrial pulmonates are inoperculate. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 31 Every adaptation we shall later find in the opisthobranchs and pulmonates, the mesogastropods seem somewhere to have attempted for themselves. 1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) iii. 88 The oldest known freshwater Pulmonates appear to be Physa and Planorbis of the Purbeck Beds. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) viii. 219/1 The pulmonates are the only molluscs that have made a really successful transition to land. †2. Any of various arachnids (as spiders and scorpions) which breathe by means of book lungs (sometimes classified in a group Pulmonata). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > member of > having particular means of respiration > pulmonary pulmonary1835 pulmonate1890 1890 Cent. Dict. Pulmonate, a member of the Pulmonata in either sense, as a snail or a spider. B. adj. 1. Designating or relating to gastropod molluscs of the subclass or order Pulmonata, characterized by adaptation of the mantle cavity for breathing air. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [adjective] > having lungs or gills gilled1771 pulmonary1833 pulmonated1834 branchiated1835 branchiferous1851 pulmonate1853 notobranchious1857 branchiate1870 notobranchiate1870 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [adjective] > pulmonary pulmonary1833 pulmonate1853 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [adjective] > belonging to order Pulmonifera pulmonary1833 pulmoniferous1834 pulmobranchiate1841 pulmonate1853 1853 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 47 Leuckart considers that the oral lobes of the pulmonate embryo are the homologues of the ciliated vela. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. iii. 363 As late as the Carboniferous period there were only reptiles, insects, and pulmonate mollusks. 1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 152 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 On Aporemodon, a remarkable new Pulmonate genus. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 42 A long anterior canal is never developed in pulmonate shells. 1995 P. J. Hayward et al. in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe x. 572/1 The pulmonate gastropods are primarily adapted to terrestrial and freshwater habitats. 2. In wider use: having or involving lungs, or respiratory organs similar to lungs; esp. (of certain arachnids) breathing air by means of book lungs. Now rare. ΚΠ 1881 E. R. Lankester in Proc. Royal Soc. 32 391 I am anxious to place on record the chief grounds which appear to me to exist for classifying Limulus with Arachnida in very close association with the pulmonate members of that class. 1894 Amer. Naturalist 28 223 The pulmonate type of respiration—intermediate between the gills of the Gigantostraca and the tracheæ of the higher Arachnids. 1901 Amer. Naturalist 35 895 The siredon is..morphologically a pulmonate or ‘air-breathing’ animal. 1987 Nature 16 Apr. 645/3 These pulmonate scorpions first appeared in the late Carboniferous. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1842
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