† begov.

Forms: Past participle begone. Forms: Old English begán, Middle English bigan, Middle English begon, bigo. past tense Old English beéode, Middle English bieode, Middle English byȝede, Middle English bywent. past participle Old English begán, Middle English bigan, Middle English bigon, Middle English bego(n, begoo, bigo, bigon(nen, bigone, bigoo(n, bygo(n, bygone, bygoo(n, Scottish begane, Middle English begoon, bygone, Scottish bigane, Middle English–1500s begon, 1500s Scottish bygane, Middle English– begone.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English begán , Gothic bigaggan , Old Saxon bigangan , Old High German bigân , Middle High German begân , -gên , modern German begehen , Dutch begaan ; < bi- , be- prefix about + gangan, gân to go.

Obsolete except in past participle.

†1. transitive. To go about, occupy, inhabit; to work, cultivate. (Latin colere.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)]

begoc890

workOE

tillc1200

exercise1382

dightc1400

labourc1400

manure1416

cultive?1483

tilth1496

culture1510

trim1517

dress1526

subdue1535

toil1552

use1558

farm1570

cultivate1588

tame1601

husbandize1625

culturate1631

to take in1845

c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. i. xxvi. (Bosw.) Mid ðy Romane ða gyt Breotone be-eodan.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Zup.) 24 Agricola, se ðe æcer begæð.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 94 Þeos wyrt..wihst on beganum landum.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 152 The erthe it is, whiche evermo With mannes labour is bego.

†2. To go round; to compass, encompass. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]

befong971

beclipc1000

begoc1000

belieOE

bestandc1000

to go about ——OE

umbegangc1200

behema1250

befallc1275

berunc1275

girdc1290

bihalvena1300

umlapa1300

umlaya1300

umlouka1300

umbegoc1300

belayc1320

halsea1340

enclose1340

umbelapa1350

embracec1360

betrendc1374

circlec1374

umbecasta1375

to give about1382

environa1393

umbeclipa1395

compassa1400

encircle?a1400

enourle?a1400

umbegivea1400

umbeseta1400

umbeliec1400

umbetighc1400

enroundc1420

measurec1425

umbsteadc1450

adviron?1473

purprise1481

umbeviron1489

belta1500

girtha1500

overgirda1500

engirt15..

envirea1513

round?a1513

brace1513

umbereach1513

becompass1520

circuea1533

girtc1540

umbsetc1540

circule1553

encompass1555

circulate?a1560

ingyre1568

to do about1571

engird1573

circumdate1578

succinge1578

employ1579

circuate1581

girdle1582

wheel1582

circumgyre1583

enring1589

ringa1592

embail1593

enfold1596

invier1596

stem1596

circumcingle1599

ingert1599

engirdle1602

circulize1603

circumscribe1605

begirt1608

to go round1610

enwheela1616

surround1616

shingle1621

encirculize1624

circumviron1632

beround1643

orba1644

circumference1646

becircle1648

incircuitc1650

circumcinge1657

circumtend1684

besiege1686

cincture1789

zone1795

cravat1814

encincture1820

circumvent1824

begirdle1837

perambulate1863

cordon1891

c1000 Ælfric Job i. 7 Ic ferde geond ðas eorþan and hi be-eode.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5587 Al þat þe sæ bi-gæð.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 311 [Crete] is bygoo wiþ þe see of Gres.

†3. To go about hostilely, beset, overrun (in hostile sense). Also figurative; cf. 8. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > overrun or harry

begoa855

harryc893

war1297

overridea1375

yerna1400

overrun?a1425

overharry1600

harrow1606

harassa1618

sweep1788

jay-hawk1866

a855 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 775 He..þone bur utan beeode.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Þet isich..his emcristene.. mid sicnesse bigan.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3429 Al þe contre..ful by-gon wyþ enymys.

c1400 Warres of Jewes (Laud) in T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1774) I. x. 311 Whippes..by went his white sides.

1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 363 Bremcia, and Deira..were begone seuerally within..three yeeres..vnder two Saxons named Ida and Ella.

†4. To get round with craft, to talk over. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > speech intended to deceive > beguile, cajole [verb (transitive)]

bicharrea1100

fodea1375

begoc1380

inveiglea1513

to hold in halsc1560

to get within ——1572

cajole1645

to cajole with1665

butter1725

veigle1745

flummer1764

to get round ——1780

to come round ——1784

to get around ——1803

flatter-blind1818

salve1825

to come about1829

round1854

canoodle1864

moody1934

fanny1938

cosy1939

mamaguy1939

snow1943

snow-job1962

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2013 Many ys þe manlich man þat þorw womman ys by-go.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. VI. 213 Þe queene byȝede here housbonde.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. 24 Gyle haþ big-on hire so heo graunteþ al his wille.

†5. To surround, environ, furnish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything

feather?c1225

serve?c1225

astore1297

purveya1325

purveyc1325

warnishc1330

supply1384

bego1393

garnish?a1400

stuff14..

instore1432

relievec1480

providec1485

appurvey1487

support?1507

furnishc1515

repair1518

supply1529

speed1531

help (a person) to (also with)1569

sort1598

suffice1600

enduea1616

starta1640

employ1690

find1713

to fix out1725

issue1737

service1969

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 227 He was wel begone With faire doughters manyone.

†6. To dress; to clothe, attire, deck, adorn. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]

wrya901

clothec950

shride971

aturnc1220

begoa1225

array1297

graith1297

agraithc1300

geara1325

cleadc1325

adightc1330

apparel1362

back1362

shape1362

attirea1375

parela1375

tirea1375

rayc1390

addressa1393

coverc1394

aguisea1400

scredea1400

shrouda1400

bedightc1400

buskc1400

harnessc1400

hatterc1400

revesta1449

able1449

dressa1450

reparel?c1450

adub?1473

endue?a1475

afaite1484

revestera1500

beclothe1509

trimc1516

riga1535

invest1540

vesture1555

suit1577

clad1579

investure1582

vest1582

deck1587

habit1594

to make ready1596

caparison1597

skin1601

shadow1608

garment1614

riga1625

raiment1656

garb1673

equip1695

to fit out1722

encase1725

tog1793

trick1821

to fig out1825

enclothe1832

toilet1842

to get up1858

habilitate1885

tailor1885

kit1919

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament

dightc1200

begoa1225

fay?c1225

rustc1275

duba1300

shrouda1300

adorna1325

flourishc1325

apparel1366

depaintc1374

dressa1375

raila1375

anorna1382

orna1382

honourc1390

paintc1390

pare1393

garnisha1400

mensk?a1400

apykec1400

hightlec1400

overfretc1440

exornc1450

embroider1460

repair1484

empare1490

ornate1490

bedo?a1500

purfle?a1500

glorify?1504

betrap1509

broider1509

deck?1521

likelya1522

to set forth1530

exornate1539

grace1548

adornate1550

fardc1550

gaud1554

pink1558

bedeck1559

tight1572

begaud1579

embellish1579

bepounce1582

parela1586

flower1587

ornify1590

illustrate1592

tinsel1594

formalize1595

adore1596

suborn1596

trapper1597

condecorate1599

diamondize1600

furnish1600

enrich1601

mense1602

prank1605

overgreen1609

crown1611

enjewel1611

broocha1616

varnish1641

ornament1650

array1652

bedub1657

bespangle1675

irradiate1717

gem1747

begem1749

redeck1771

blazon1813

aggrace1825

diamond1839

panoply1851

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1614 Þe engles..smireden hire wunden, and bieoden swa þe bruchen of hire bodi.

c1325 Coer de L. 5661 Hymself was rychely begoo, From the crest unto the too.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 45 The sadels were..With perle and gold so well begone.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 228 His moder to him tolde [the cause] That she him hadde so begone.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 630 All golde begoon his tail.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. i. 28 The..hous of brycht Appollo gold bygane.

†7. passive. To be permeated, tainted, infected.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)]

sulea1250

begoc1275

file1607

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9866 Þa wes þa welle anan al mid attre bi-gon.

c1430 Syr Gener. 4195 The ground was al begoon with bloode.

8. To beset as an environment or affecting influence, good or evil; to affect as one's environment does. Now only in past participle in woe-begone ‘affected by an environment of woe,’ and the like. (The original phrase was ‘him was wo begone,’ i.e. to him woe had closed round; but already in Chaucer we find the later construction in ‘He was wo begone’; need-begone is in Barbour.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > on a person as a surrounding influence

begoc1300

c1300 Vox & Wolf 53 Go wei, quod the kok, wo the bi-go!

c1314 Guy Warw. 120 Yuel ous worth than bigo.

c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Alexis 92 Al þat he saw ned-begane.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 820 Wo was this wrecched womman tho bigoon.

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife's Prol. 606 I was..riche and yonge and wel begon.

c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's T. 472 Absolon that is for loue alwey so wo bigon.

a1400 Sir Perc. 349 The lady was never more sore bygone.

c1440 Sir Gowther 435 Ful wel was him by gone.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlviii. l. 373 Elles ben we ful Evele be-gon.

1593 T. Watson Sonn. (Arb.) 197 My hart doth whisper I am woe begone me.

1794 W. Blake Little Girl Found in Songs of Experience in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 21 Tired and woe-begone.

1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. 310 It appears sad and woe-begone.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bego
释义	† begov. Forms: Past participle begone. Forms: Old English begán, Middle English bigan, Middle English begon, bigo. past tense Old English beéode, Middle English bieode, Middle English byȝede, Middle English bywent. past participle Old English begán, Middle English bigan, Middle English bigon, Middle English bego(n, begoo, bigo, bigon(nen, bigone, bigoo(n, bygo(n, bygone, bygoo(n, Scottish begane, Middle English begoon, bygone, Scottish bigane, Middle English–1500s begon, 1500s Scottish bygane, Middle English– begone. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English begán , Gothic bigaggan , Old Saxon bigangan , Old High German bigân , Middle High German begân , -gên , modern German begehen , Dutch begaan ; < bi- , be- prefix about + gangan, gân to go. Obsolete except in past participle. †1. transitive. To go about, occupy, inhabit; to work, cultivate. (Latin colere.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)] begoc890 workOE tillc1200 exercise1382 dightc1400 labourc1400 manure1416 cultive?1483 tilth1496 culture1510 trim1517 dress1526 subdue1535 toil1552 use1558 farm1570 cultivate1588 tame1601 husbandize1625 culturate1631 to take in1845 c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. i. xxvi. (Bosw.) Mid ðy Romane ða gyt Breotone be-eodan. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Zup.) 24 Agricola, se ðe æcer begæð. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 94 Þeos wyrt..wihst on beganum landum. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 152 The erthe it is, whiche evermo With mannes labour is bego. †2. To go round; to compass, encompass. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] befong971 beclipc1000 begoc1000 belieOE bestandc1000 to go about ——OE umbegangc1200 behema1250 befallc1275 berunc1275 girdc1290 bihalvena1300 umlapa1300 umlaya1300 umlouka1300 umbegoc1300 belayc1320 halsea1340 enclose1340 umbelapa1350 embracec1360 betrendc1374 circlec1374 umbecasta1375 to give about1382 environa1393 umbeclipa1395 compassa1400 encircle?a1400 enourle?a1400 umbegivea1400 umbeseta1400 umbeliec1400 umbetighc1400 enroundc1420 measurec1425 umbsteadc1450 adviron?1473 purprise1481 umbeviron1489 belta1500 girtha1500 overgirda1500 engirt15.. envirea1513 round?a1513 brace1513 umbereach1513 becompass1520 circuea1533 girtc1540 umbsetc1540 circule1553 encompass1555 circulate?a1560 ingyre1568 to do about1571 engird1573 circumdate1578 succinge1578 employ1579 circuate1581 girdle1582 wheel1582 circumgyre1583 enring1589 ringa1592 embail1593 enfold1596 invier1596 stem1596 circumcingle1599 ingert1599 engirdle1602 circulize1603 circumscribe1605 begirt1608 to go round1610 enwheela1616 surround1616 shingle1621 encirculize1624 circumviron1632 beround1643 orba1644 circumference1646 becircle1648 incircuitc1650 circumcinge1657 circumtend1684 besiege1686 cincture1789 zone1795 cravat1814 encincture1820 circumvent1824 begirdle1837 perambulate1863 cordon1891 c1000 Ælfric Job i. 7 Ic ferde geond ðas eorþan and hi be-eode. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5587 Al þat þe sæ bi-gæð. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 311 [Crete] is bygoo wiþ þe see of Gres. †3. To go about hostilely, beset, overrun (in hostile sense). Also figurative; cf. 8. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > overrun or harry begoa855 harryc893 war1297 overridea1375 yerna1400 overrun?a1425 overharry1600 harrow1606 harassa1618 sweep1788 jay-hawk1866 a855 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 775 He..þone bur utan beeode. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Þet isich..his emcristene.. mid sicnesse bigan. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3429 Al þe contre..ful by-gon wyþ enymys. c1400 Warres of Jewes (Laud) in T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1774) I. x. 311 Whippes..by went his white sides. 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 363 Bremcia, and Deira..were begone seuerally within..three yeeres..vnder two Saxons named Ida and Ella. †4. To get round with craft, to talk over. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > speech intended to deceive > beguile, cajole [verb (transitive)] bicharrea1100 fodea1375 begoc1380 inveiglea1513 to hold in halsc1560 to get within ——1572 cajole1645 to cajole with1665 butter1725 veigle1745 flummer1764 to get round ——1780 to come round ——1784 to get around ——1803 flatter-blind1818 salve1825 to come about1829 round1854 canoodle1864 moody1934 fanny1938 cosy1939 mamaguy1939 snow1943 snow-job1962 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2013 Many ys þe manlich man þat þorw womman ys by-go. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. VI. 213 Þe queene byȝede here housbonde. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. 24 Gyle haþ big-on hire so heo graunteþ al his wille. †5. To surround, environ, furnish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything feather?c1225 serve?c1225 astore1297 purveya1325 purveyc1325 warnishc1330 supply1384 bego1393 garnish?a1400 stuff14.. instore1432 relievec1480 providec1485 appurvey1487 support?1507 furnishc1515 repair1518 supply1529 speed1531 help (a person) to (also with)1569 sort1598 suffice1600 enduea1616 starta1640 employ1690 find1713 to fix out1725 issue1737 service1969 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 227 He was wel begone With faire doughters manyone. †6. To dress; to clothe, attire, deck, adorn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] wrya901 clothec950 shride971 aturnc1220 begoa1225 array1297 graith1297 agraithc1300 geara1325 cleadc1325 adightc1330 apparel1362 back1362 shape1362 attirea1375 parela1375 tirea1375 rayc1390 addressa1393 coverc1394 aguisea1400 scredea1400 shrouda1400 bedightc1400 buskc1400 harnessc1400 hatterc1400 revesta1449 able1449 dressa1450 reparel?c1450 adub?1473 endue?a1475 afaite1484 revestera1500 beclothe1509 trimc1516 riga1535 invest1540 vesture1555 suit1577 clad1579 investure1582 vest1582 deck1587 habit1594 to make ready1596 caparison1597 skin1601 shadow1608 garment1614 riga1625 raiment1656 garb1673 equip1695 to fit out1722 encase1725 tog1793 trick1821 to fig out1825 enclothe1832 toilet1842 to get up1858 habilitate1885 tailor1885 kit1919 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament dightc1200 begoa1225 fay?c1225 rustc1275 duba1300 shrouda1300 adorna1325 flourishc1325 apparel1366 depaintc1374 dressa1375 raila1375 anorna1382 orna1382 honourc1390 paintc1390 pare1393 garnisha1400 mensk?a1400 apykec1400 hightlec1400 overfretc1440 exornc1450 embroider1460 repair1484 empare1490 ornate1490 bedo?a1500 purfle?a1500 glorify?1504 betrap1509 broider1509 deck?1521 likelya1522 to set forth1530 exornate1539 grace1548 adornate1550 fardc1550 gaud1554 pink1558 bedeck1559 tight1572 begaud1579 embellish1579 bepounce1582 parela1586 flower1587 ornify1590 illustrate1592 tinsel1594 formalize1595 adore1596 suborn1596 trapper1597 condecorate1599 diamondize1600 furnish1600 enrich1601 mense1602 prank1605 overgreen1609 crown1611 enjewel1611 broocha1616 varnish1641 ornament1650 array1652 bedub1657 bespangle1675 irradiate1717 gem1747 begem1749 redeck1771 blazon1813 aggrace1825 diamond1839 panoply1851 a1225 Leg. Kath. 1614 Þe engles..smireden hire wunden, and bieoden swa þe bruchen of hire bodi. c1325 Coer de L. 5661 Hymself was rychely begoo, From the crest unto the too. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 45 The sadels were..With perle and gold so well begone. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 228 His moder to him tolde [the cause] That she him hadde so begone. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 630 All golde begoon his tail. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. i. 28 The..hous of brycht Appollo gold bygane. †7. passive. To be permeated, tainted, infected. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)] sulea1250 begoc1275 file1607 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9866 Þa wes þa welle anan al mid attre bi-gon. c1430 Syr Gener. 4195 The ground was al begoon with bloode. 8. To beset as an environment or affecting influence, good or evil; to affect as one's environment does. Now only in past participle in woe-begone ‘affected by an environment of woe,’ and the like. (The original phrase was ‘him was wo begone,’ i.e. to him woe had closed round; but already in Chaucer we find the later construction in ‘He was wo begone’; need-begone is in Barbour.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > on a person as a surrounding influence begoc1300 c1300 Vox & Wolf 53 Go wei, quod the kok, wo the bi-go! c1314 Guy Warw. 120 Yuel ous worth than bigo. c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Alexis 92 Al þat he saw ned-begane. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 820 Wo was this wrecched womman tho bigoon. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife's Prol. 606 I was..riche and yonge and wel begon. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's T. 472 Absolon that is for loue alwey so wo bigon. a1400 Sir Perc. 349 The lady was never more sore bygone. c1440 Sir Gowther 435 Ful wel was him by gone. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlviii. l. 373 Elles ben we ful Evele be-gon. 1593 T. Watson Sonn. (Arb.) 197 My hart doth whisper I am woe begone me. 1794 W. Blake Little Girl Found in Songs of Experience in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 21 Tired and woe-begone. 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. 310 It appears sad and woe-begone. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.a855
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