qualificationn.

Brit.

/ˌkwɒlᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˈˌkwɑləfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˈˌkwɔləfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s qualificacion, 1500s– qualification, 1600s qualificacon, 1600s quallification; Scottish pre-1700 qualificatione, pre-1700 qualificatioun, pre-1700 qualificatioune, pre-1700 qualliefiecatioune, pre-1700 qualyficatioun, pre-1700 1700s– qualification.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French qualification; Latin qualification-, qualificatio.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French qualification (French qualification ) attribution of a characteristic quality to an object (1431; rare before late 16th cent.), action of assessing a theological statement or work with a view to determining whether it is heretical (1694) and its etymon post-classical Latin qualification-, qualificatio distinctive quality (1389 in a British source), modification, mitigation (15th cent. in a continental source; 1552 in a British source) < qualificat- , past participial stem of qualificare qualify v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹), and partly < qualify v. (see -fication suffix). Compare Spanish calificación (late 16th cent., apparently earliest in sense 7a), also cualificación (1589), Portuguese qualificação (1619), Italian qualificazione (1587, earliest in sense 2).

The action of qualifying, or a thing which qualifies.

a. A clause, condition, circumstance, etc., which qualifies or modifies; a reservation, restriction, provision; (also) the action of modifying or limiting something; modification, limitation, restriction.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun]

qualification1529

conditioning1530

modification1603

quality1622

conditionating1623

circumstantiatinga1652

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > toning down

modering1414

modulation1531

qualifying1565

modification1603

modifying1692

qualification1757

1529 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 28 Aug. (1933) 31 Lange is here arryved from the French King, with the qualifications of the treatie of Madrel [i.e. Madrid].

1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 5 (Title) An acte concerning the qualification of the statute of the syxe articles.

1648 Ordinance 22 Apr. in House of Lords Jrnl. (1802) 10 222 It was and is ordained and provided..that Two Third Parts of the Lands of all the Delinquents comprehended in the Three First Qualifications of the Propositions..should be employed to the same Use.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 190 There can be no true closing with Christ in a promise that hath a qualification or condition expressed.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §4. 9 The removal or qualification of pleasure has no resemblance to positive pain.

1796 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses I. iii.133 The principle admits of no qualification.

a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) X. 776 There is however some qualification to be admitted in this general statement.

1891 Law Times Rep. 63 765/1 The defendants were liable as principals, as they had contracted in their own names without any qualification.

1948 R. Ellmann Yeats i. 5 We can say only with many qualifications that a given experience inspired a particular verse.

1977 K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words xiv. 271 Every comment in it was so wrapped about with qualifications as to be rendered meaningless.

2006 Belleville (Ont.) Intelligencer (Nexis) 27 Sept. 3 The Society has qualified support for this proposal and the qualifications have to do with the amendments of the existing lease.

b. Accounting (chiefly British). A modifying statement in an auditor's report which indicates any account items which have been excluded from the examination or about which there is doubt or disagreement; the action of recording such a statement.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > not expressed as balance sheet

statement of affairs1793

qualification1884

1884 Times 23 Dec. 9/5 As to the report which had been issued by the auditors, any one who had read it carefully could not fail to be struck with the extreme caution which the auditors had displayed by the qualifications they had made.

1916 Incorporated Accountants' Jrnl. 27 133/2 Qualifications often represent an honest difference of opinion between directors and auditors.

1988 Financial Times 12 Feb. 9/8 This additional provision follows the recent qualification of the ECGD's accounts for last year by the National Audit Office.

2002 Business Wire (Nexis) 16 Jan. The Company's independent auditor has included a qualification in its report on the fiscal 2001 financial statements.

2. The action or process of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified, for some position or function; (also) the result of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > competence, fitness, or ability

sufficiencec1384

suffisance1426

opportunity1535

qualification1561

sufficiency1567

fitness1574

qualifiedness1675

adequacy1779

competence1790

competency1797

locus standi1822

1561 in J. Beveridge & G. Donaldson Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1957) V. i. 205/1 Understanding his qualificatioun in science and gude behavour.

1589–92 in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 535 Being informit of the qualification, literature, and gude conversation of..N.

1610 in J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 277 To requyre..a testificat of his conversation past, abilitie, and qualification for the function.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 439 The death of Christ [was] necessary..in reference to the Priest himself..both in regard of the qualification of himself, and consummation of his Office.

1665 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 6 I must speak a word or two concerning John's qualification, whereby he was enabled to behold..this City.

1781 J. Hanway Rules & Regulations Maritime Service x. 31 In order to render a scholar expert, and to enjoy the privilege of part of his qualification in the navy-service,..scholars should be retained for at least two years.

1823 Times 3 June 2/3 If a lord of a manor has forty persons paying him one shilling each year, he would thereby be a forty shilling freeholder, and would by his qualification as a voter be supposed to represent that sum of property.

1904 Times 6 June 11/5 Three pools of eight fencers each were required to decide the qualification for the final pool of nine.

1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. for Churchwardens & Parochial Church Councillors viii. 81 The present chapter is concerned with their qualification and manner of appointment, and with the modes whereby the office of churchwardens may be vacated.

2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 Jan. 32 The Scotland manager..said that qualification for the finals of Euro 2008 would give him..much personal satisfaction.

†3. The determining or distinctive quality of a person or thing; condition, character, nature. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]

heartOE

erda1000

moodOE

i-mindOE

i-cundeOE

costc1175

lundc1175

evena1200

kinda1225

custc1275

couragec1300

the manner ofc1300

qualityc1300

talentc1330

attemperancec1374

complexionc1386

dispositiona1387

propertyc1390

naturea1393

assay1393

inclinationa1398

gentlenessa1400

proprietya1400

habitudec1400

makingc1400

conditionc1405

habitc1405

conceitc1425

affecta1460

ingeny1477

engine1488

stomach?1510

mind?a1513

ingine1533

affection1534

vein1536

humour?1563

natural1564

facultyc1565

concept1566

frame1567

temperature1583

geniusa1586

bent1587

constitution1589

composition1597

character1600

tune1600

qualification1602

infusion1604

spirits1604

dispose1609

selfness1611

disposure1613

composurea1616

racea1616

tempera1616

crasisc1616

directiona1639

grain1641

turn1647

complexure1648

genie1653

make1674

personality1710

tonea1751

bearing1795

liver1800

make-up1821

temperament1821

naturalness1850

selfhood1854

Wesen1854

naturel1856

sit1857

fibre1864

character structure1873

mentality1895

mindset1909

psyche1910

where it's (he's, she's) at1967

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill i. vi. 9 But as these before may not be receiued, in respect of natural debilitie, so others for respect of qualification, are priuiledged and excused, as Priests, and persons Ecclesiasticall.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 274 Out of that, will I cause these of Cypres to mutiny, whose quallification shall come into no true trust again't, but by the displanting of Cassio.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 221 The Commissioners..notwithstanding their Qualification were imprison'd by the Parliament.

1715 D. Disney Portion of God's People 537 We can better know the Nature and Qualification of our own desires, than we can possibly of another Man's.

†4.

a. A quality, an attribute, a property (of a person or thing). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute

i-cundeOE

kindOE

thingOE

quality1340

virtue1340

assizea1375

propertyc1390

principlea1398

conditionc1460

faculty1490

predicatea1513

epitheton1547

passion1570

propriety1584

affection1588

attribute1603

qualification1616

appropriate1618

intimacy1641

bedighting1674

belonger1674

cleaver1674

interiority1701

internal property1751

predicable1785

coloration1799

internality1839

1616 T. Gainsford Rich Cabinet sig. E1 ^v The Minister in these, & many mo[r]e diuine qualifications, & gratious respects, being so diuine, is for that very cause, so mightily maligned.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. x. 107 Plato laies down as qualifications of true Oratorie [etc.].

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 228 Diaries of wind and weather, and of the various qualifications of the air.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 435. ¶7 Liveliness and Assurance are..the Qualifications of the French Nation.

1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 118 The useless Branches, whether it be because they are worn or spent, or because they have no good Qualifications.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 5 Having thus describ'd..the English tradesman, 'tis then needful to enquire into his qualifications.

1799 I. Milner in M. Milner Life I. Milner (1842) xi. §18. 194 Whatever may be their views of justifying faith, that is, whether they think it consists in qualifications or in appropriation.

1801 B. Thompson tr. A. von Kotzebue Indian Exiles i. 17 The fine estate..so capitally stocked with fish, flesh, fowl and fruit, and which also possesses the admirable qualification of being only half an hour's ride from the town.

b. An accomplishment. Obsolete (but cf. sense 5).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > acquired skill > an accomplishment

quality1584

accomplishment1586

sufficiency1590

complement1592

virtuea1600

enduement1609

preparationa1616

completion1662

qualification1699

accompliment1705

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Qualifications, Accomplishments that render any of them Compleat.

1715 J. Clerk Mem. (1895) 87 I thought it would be an additional Qualification to him that he understood the English Language.

1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. ii. v. 60 The pleasures of grown persons..founded, like music, painting, &c. upon any qualification of their own acquiring.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. x. 186 Every qualification is raised..to more than its real value; and she was sometimes worried down..to rate good-breeding as more indispensable to comfort than good-nature.

5. A quality or accomplishment which qualifies or fits a person for a certain position or function; (now esp.) the completion of a course or training programme which confers the status of a recognized practitioner of a profession or activity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > competence, fitness, or ability > that which qualifies one for a function

qualification1653

1653 J. W. Mite to Treasury 5 Whether..it be not expedient for the Free-People who have a liberty of choise, to consider of fit men for Members, their numbers and Qualifications.

1669 James, Duke of York Let. 16 July in S. Pepys Diary & Corr. (1879) VI. 111 I recommend to your favour, in your future election, Samuel Pepys, Esq.,..who, besides his general qualifications for that trust, will..be found a useful servant to your town.

1756 J. Wesley Let. 16 Apr. (1931) III. 175 As to the qualifications of a gospel minister,—Grace is necessary; learning is expedient.

1765 S. Foote Commissary i. 16 A qualification for a canon of Strasbourg.

1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 276 Even a failure in it [sc. law] stands almost as a sort of qualification for other things.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 27 The bishops are still in law the judges of the qualifications of those who are presented to them.

1865 J. How Freemason's Man. (ed. 2) 138 The Fellow-Craft who is duly qualified by time, on presenting himself as candidate for the third Degree, has to submit himself to an examination of his qualifications as a Craftsman.

1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1875) i. vii. 37 Even to taste and smell properly, are most important qualifications for the pursuit of literature, art, and science.

1914 L. Wilson & G. Stechert G. Stanley Hall iv. 52 He thought his qualifications for teaching English rather poor, so he went..to work ‘reading up’..everything he could lay his hands on.

1945 Times 11 May 8/1 The qualifications for the job were great administrative drive..and powers of leadership.

1960 C. N. Parkinson Law & Profits (1965) 134 The pity is that the mediclerk should have wasted so much time in obtaining his qualifications.

1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 1 Mar. 21/2 Many students will leave [school] at 17 or 18 with no qualification.

2006 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 27 Sept. 11 He has no leadership qualifications whatsoever, he is certainly not a ‘people person.’

a. A necessary condition, imposed by law or custom, which must be satisfied before a certain right can be acquired or exercised, an office held, etc.In quot. 1723: the acquisition of such a right by the taking of an oath (see qualify v. 6).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal capacity > [noun]

capacity1480

ability1579

legal capacity1649

qualification1660

capability1684

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > a condition or stipulation

mannerc1400

covenantc1440

conditionala1533

authorament1607

requisition1620

postulatum1639

thingum1649

qualification1660

ultimatum1733

requirement1737

term1746

stipulation1750

contingency1818

precondition1825

chapter1864

1660 Mercurius Politicus No. 607. 1110 The Parliament this day resumed the debate upon the Qualifications of Members to sit and serve in Parliament.

1723 Act of Pennsylvania Every brewer..shall be qualified by oath..which said qualification shall be taken by all persons who brew..for sale.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ii. 171 The true reason of requiring any qualification, with regard to property, in voters.

1819 J. Mackintosh Parl. Suffrage in Wks. (1846) III. 215 A representative assembly, elected by a low uniform qualification.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 440 A law which fixes a sum of money as the qualification of citizenship.

1958 Times 10 Apr. 6/6 The Bill..empowers the Treasury to make regulations prescribing the qualifications needed.

2006 Tulare (Calif.) Advance-Register (Nexis) 27 Sept. 1 She meets the legal qualifications to run for office.

†b. A document attesting that a person is qualified. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xviii. 146 (heading) I carry my qualification to the navy-office.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xviii. 146 We must deliver our letters of qualification at the navy-office before one a-clock.]

1789 J. Woodforde Diary 26 Sept. (1927) III. 143 Ben returned by Dinner, brought..a Qualification for my sporting this year for which I am to pay 2 Guineas and 1 Shilling.

7. The action of determining whether something possesses a certain quality or property.

†a. Roman Catholic Church. The action of determining whether a book or proposition is heretical. Cf. qualificator n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > heresy > search for heresy > [noun] > trial

qualification1826

1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 336 His Catechism and other works were submitted for qualification to Melchior Cano, his denouncer.

b. Logic. The ascription of affirmative or negative quality to a proposition or term (see quality n. 10b); the classification of a proposition or term as affirmative or negative. rare.

ΚΠ

1847 W. Hamilton Let. to De Morgan 44 The letters A, E, &c. do not mark the quantication [read quantification] (and qualification) of propositions, (as of old), but of propositional terms.

1890 in Cent. Dict. Qualification, the attaching of quality, or the distinction of affirmative and negative, to a term.

1901 C. S. Peirce in J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 638/1 These forms arose..from the application of not to the subjects..so it might be called the system of the thoroughgoing qualification of the subject.

1917 Mind 26 189 The interpretation suggested must not take the form of regarding ‘not’ as a qualification of the predicate of the negative proposition, e.g., of defining a proposition like ‘X is not white’ to be really ‘X is not-white’.

1957 A. N. Prior Time & Modality App. A 106 Mill..appends what he has to say..to a discussion of Hobbes's theory that even negation ought properly to be thought of as a qualification of the predicate rather than of the copula.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, esp. in senses 5 and 6, as qualification test, qualification ticket, etc.

ΚΠ

1711 J. Swift in Examiner June 1/2 The Qualification-Bill..is perhaps the greatest Security that ever was contriv'd for preserving the Constitution.

1797 Sporting Mag. 9 100 A gentleman..applied..for a qualification-ticket.

1853 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 16 133 The vakeels or pleaders have a license or qualification certificate, to practise.

1881 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 13 68 A qualification ticket, especially if the contest is to be close and sharp, has a recognized money value.

1974 Times 6 Feb. 14/2 The qualification test has been simplified for the emergency: a declaration that 26 stamps have been paid within the previous 12 months is enough to entitle people to the full rate for a year.

1994 Onset Mag. (Toronto, Ont.) Aug.–Sept. 36/1 The big job-field is still teaching, but over the years as foreigners have flooded the market, qualification standards have risen.

C2.

qualification shares n. the shares in a company which a person must hold in order to qualify for directorship.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > types of shares

bonus share1823

preference share1842

preferred share1842

qualification shares1846

pref1849

financial1864

founder's-shares1889

preference1890

preferred1891

ordinary1898

participation1916

equity1930

leader1938

Euroequity1969

small cap1984

1846 Times 14 Apr. 4/4 The provisional committee will receive back 4,500l. out of the 6,000l. which they paid as deposits on their qualification shares.

1899 Daily News 28 Mar. 8/3 The money had been given on account of that gentleman's qualification shares.

1983 B. A. K. Rider Insider Trading i. 34 An insider may have a defence..in regard to the taking up of qualification shares required under the terms of a company's articles.

Derivatives

qualifiˈcationless adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > having no qualification

undergraduate1685

qualificationless1898

1898 Westm. Gaz. 16 Dec. 8/3 The new Bill evidently contemplated the possibility of qualificationless directors.

1956 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 9 Dec. 46/5 After once obtaining the qualificationless license as tree surgeon, the home owner could legally prune and fertilize and spray his roses.

1996 Dominion (Wellington) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 16 Unemployment was rising and prospects for a useful life in property crime were looking brighter by the minute for qualificationless skinheads.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	qualification
释义	qualificationn. Brit. /ˌkwɒlᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˈˌkwɑləfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˈˌkwɔləfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s qualificacion, 1500s– qualification, 1600s qualificacon, 1600s quallification; Scottish pre-1700 qualificatione, pre-1700 qualificatioun, pre-1700 qualificatioune, pre-1700 qualliefiecatioune, pre-1700 qualyficatioun, pre-1700 1700s– qualification. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French qualification; Latin qualification-, qualificatio. Etymology: Partly < Middle French qualification (French qualification ) attribution of a characteristic quality to an object (1431; rare before late 16th cent.), action of assessing a theological statement or work with a view to determining whether it is heretical (1694) and its etymon post-classical Latin qualification-, qualificatio distinctive quality (1389 in a British source), modification, mitigation (15th cent. in a continental source; 1552 in a British source) < qualificat- , past participial stem of qualificare qualify v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹), and partly < qualify v. (see -fication suffix). Compare Spanish calificación (late 16th cent., apparently earliest in sense 7a), also cualificación (1589), Portuguese qualificação (1619), Italian qualificazione (1587, earliest in sense 2). The action of qualifying, or a thing which qualifies. 1. a. A clause, condition, circumstance, etc., which qualifies or modifies; a reservation, restriction, provision; (also) the action of modifying or limiting something; modification, limitation, restriction. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] qualification1529 conditioning1530 modification1603 quality1622 conditionating1623 circumstantiatinga1652 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > toning down modering1414 modulation1531 qualifying1565 modification1603 modifying1692 qualification1757 1529 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 28 Aug. (1933) 31 Lange is here arryved from the French King, with the qualifications of the treatie of Madrel [i.e. Madrid]. 1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 5 (Title) An acte concerning the qualification of the statute of the syxe articles. 1648 Ordinance 22 Apr. in House of Lords Jrnl. (1802) 10 222 It was and is ordained and provided..that Two Third Parts of the Lands of all the Delinquents comprehended in the Three First Qualifications of the Propositions..should be employed to the same Use. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 190 There can be no true closing with Christ in a promise that hath a qualification or condition expressed. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §4. 9 The removal or qualification of pleasure has no resemblance to positive pain. 1796 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses I. iii.133 The principle admits of no qualification. a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) X. 776 There is however some qualification to be admitted in this general statement. 1891 Law Times Rep. 63 765/1 The defendants were liable as principals, as they had contracted in their own names without any qualification. 1948 R. Ellmann Yeats i. 5 We can say only with many qualifications that a given experience inspired a particular verse. 1977 K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words xiv. 271 Every comment in it was so wrapped about with qualifications as to be rendered meaningless. 2006 Belleville (Ont.) Intelligencer (Nexis) 27 Sept. 3 The Society has qualified support for this proposal and the qualifications have to do with the amendments of the existing lease. b. Accounting (chiefly British). A modifying statement in an auditor's report which indicates any account items which have been excluded from the examination or about which there is doubt or disagreement; the action of recording such a statement. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > not expressed as balance sheet statement of affairs1793 qualification1884 1884 Times 23 Dec. 9/5 As to the report which had been issued by the auditors, any one who had read it carefully could not fail to be struck with the extreme caution which the auditors had displayed by the qualifications they had made. 1916 Incorporated Accountants' Jrnl. 27 133/2 Qualifications often represent an honest difference of opinion between directors and auditors. 1988 Financial Times 12 Feb. 9/8 This additional provision follows the recent qualification of the ECGD's accounts for last year by the National Audit Office. 2002 Business Wire (Nexis) 16 Jan. The Company's independent auditor has included a qualification in its report on the fiscal 2001 financial statements. 2. The action or process of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified, for some position or function; (also) the result of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > competence, fitness, or ability sufficiencec1384 suffisance1426 opportunity1535 qualification1561 sufficiency1567 fitness1574 qualifiedness1675 adequacy1779 competence1790 competency1797 locus standi1822 1561 in J. Beveridge & G. Donaldson Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1957) V. i. 205/1 Understanding his qualificatioun in science and gude behavour. 1589–92 in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 535 Being informit of the qualification, literature, and gude conversation of..N. 1610 in J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 277 To requyre..a testificat of his conversation past, abilitie, and qualification for the function. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 439 The death of Christ [was] necessary..in reference to the Priest himself..both in regard of the qualification of himself, and consummation of his Office. 1665 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 6 I must speak a word or two concerning John's qualification, whereby he was enabled to behold..this City. 1781 J. Hanway Rules & Regulations Maritime Service x. 31 In order to render a scholar expert, and to enjoy the privilege of part of his qualification in the navy-service,..scholars should be retained for at least two years. 1823 Times 3 June 2/3 If a lord of a manor has forty persons paying him one shilling each year, he would thereby be a forty shilling freeholder, and would by his qualification as a voter be supposed to represent that sum of property. 1904 Times 6 June 11/5 Three pools of eight fencers each were required to decide the qualification for the final pool of nine. 1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. for Churchwardens & Parochial Church Councillors viii. 81 The present chapter is concerned with their qualification and manner of appointment, and with the modes whereby the office of churchwardens may be vacated. 2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 Jan. 32 The Scotland manager..said that qualification for the finals of Euro 2008 would give him..much personal satisfaction. †3. The determining or distinctive quality of a person or thing; condition, character, nature. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill i. vi. 9 But as these before may not be receiued, in respect of natural debilitie, so others for respect of qualification, are priuiledged and excused, as Priests, and persons Ecclesiasticall. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 274 Out of that, will I cause these of Cypres to mutiny, whose quallification shall come into no true trust again't, but by the displanting of Cassio. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 221 The Commissioners..notwithstanding their Qualification were imprison'd by the Parliament. 1715 D. Disney Portion of God's People 537 We can better know the Nature and Qualification of our own desires, than we can possibly of another Man's. †4. a. A quality, an attribute, a property (of a person or thing). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute i-cundeOE kindOE thingOE quality1340 virtue1340 assizea1375 propertyc1390 principlea1398 conditionc1460 faculty1490 predicatea1513 epitheton1547 passion1570 propriety1584 affection1588 attribute1603 qualification1616 appropriate1618 intimacy1641 bedighting1674 belonger1674 cleaver1674 interiority1701 internal property1751 predicable1785 coloration1799 internality1839 1616 T. Gainsford Rich Cabinet sig. E1 ^v The Minister in these, & many mo[r]e diuine qualifications, & gratious respects, being so diuine, is for that very cause, so mightily maligned. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. x. 107 Plato laies down as qualifications of true Oratorie [etc.]. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 228 Diaries of wind and weather, and of the various qualifications of the air. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 435. ¶7 Liveliness and Assurance are..the Qualifications of the French Nation. 1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 118 The useless Branches, whether it be because they are worn or spent, or because they have no good Qualifications. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 5 Having thus describ'd..the English tradesman, 'tis then needful to enquire into his qualifications. 1799 I. Milner in M. Milner Life I. Milner (1842) xi. §18. 194 Whatever may be their views of justifying faith, that is, whether they think it consists in qualifications or in appropriation. 1801 B. Thompson tr. A. von Kotzebue Indian Exiles i. 17 The fine estate..so capitally stocked with fish, flesh, fowl and fruit, and which also possesses the admirable qualification of being only half an hour's ride from the town. b. An accomplishment. Obsolete (but cf. sense 5). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > acquired skill > an accomplishment quality1584 accomplishment1586 sufficiency1590 complement1592 virtuea1600 enduement1609 preparationa1616 completion1662 qualification1699 accompliment1705 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Qualifications, Accomplishments that render any of them Compleat. 1715 J. Clerk Mem. (1895) 87 I thought it would be an additional Qualification to him that he understood the English Language. 1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. ii. v. 60 The pleasures of grown persons..founded, like music, painting, &c. upon any qualification of their own acquiring. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. x. 186 Every qualification is raised..to more than its real value; and she was sometimes worried down..to rate good-breeding as more indispensable to comfort than good-nature. View more context for this quotation 5. A quality or accomplishment which qualifies or fits a person for a certain position or function; (now esp.) the completion of a course or training programme which confers the status of a recognized practitioner of a profession or activity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > competence, fitness, or ability > that which qualifies one for a function qualification1653 1653 J. W. Mite to Treasury 5 Whether..it be not expedient for the Free-People who have a liberty of choise, to consider of fit men for Members, their numbers and Qualifications. 1669 James, Duke of York Let. 16 July in S. Pepys Diary & Corr. (1879) VI. 111 I recommend to your favour, in your future election, Samuel Pepys, Esq.,..who, besides his general qualifications for that trust, will..be found a useful servant to your town. 1756 J. Wesley Let. 16 Apr. (1931) III. 175 As to the qualifications of a gospel minister,—Grace is necessary; learning is expedient. 1765 S. Foote Commissary i. 16 A qualification for a canon of Strasbourg. 1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 276 Even a failure in it [sc. law] stands almost as a sort of qualification for other things. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 27 The bishops are still in law the judges of the qualifications of those who are presented to them. 1865 J. How Freemason's Man. (ed. 2) 138 The Fellow-Craft who is duly qualified by time, on presenting himself as candidate for the third Degree, has to submit himself to an examination of his qualifications as a Craftsman. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1875) i. vii. 37 Even to taste and smell properly, are most important qualifications for the pursuit of literature, art, and science. 1914 L. Wilson & G. Stechert G. Stanley Hall iv. 52 He thought his qualifications for teaching English rather poor, so he went..to work ‘reading up’..everything he could lay his hands on. 1945 Times 11 May 8/1 The qualifications for the job were great administrative drive..and powers of leadership. 1960 C. N. Parkinson Law & Profits (1965) 134 The pity is that the mediclerk should have wasted so much time in obtaining his qualifications. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 1 Mar. 21/2 Many students will leave [school] at 17 or 18 with no qualification. 2006 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 27 Sept. 11 He has no leadership qualifications whatsoever, he is certainly not a ‘people person.’ 6. a. A necessary condition, imposed by law or custom, which must be satisfied before a certain right can be acquired or exercised, an office held, etc.In quot. 1723: the acquisition of such a right by the taking of an oath (see qualify v. 6). ΘΚΠ society > law > legal capacity > [noun] capacity1480 ability1579 legal capacity1649 qualification1660 capability1684 the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > a condition or stipulation mannerc1400 covenantc1440 conditionala1533 authorament1607 requisition1620 postulatum1639 thingum1649 qualification1660 ultimatum1733 requirement1737 term1746 stipulation1750 contingency1818 precondition1825 chapter1864 1660 Mercurius Politicus No. 607. 1110 The Parliament this day resumed the debate upon the Qualifications of Members to sit and serve in Parliament. 1723 Act of Pennsylvania Every brewer..shall be qualified by oath..which said qualification shall be taken by all persons who brew..for sale. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ii. 171 The true reason of requiring any qualification, with regard to property, in voters. 1819 J. Mackintosh Parl. Suffrage in Wks. (1846) III. 215 A representative assembly, elected by a low uniform qualification. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 440 A law which fixes a sum of money as the qualification of citizenship. 1958 Times 10 Apr. 6/6 The Bill..empowers the Treasury to make regulations prescribing the qualifications needed. 2006 Tulare (Calif.) Advance-Register (Nexis) 27 Sept. 1 She meets the legal qualifications to run for office. †b. A document attesting that a person is qualified. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xviii. 146 (heading) I carry my qualification to the navy-office. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xviii. 146 We must deliver our letters of qualification at the navy-office before one a-clock.] 1789 J. Woodforde Diary 26 Sept. (1927) III. 143 Ben returned by Dinner, brought..a Qualification for my sporting this year for which I am to pay 2 Guineas and 1 Shilling. 7. The action of determining whether something possesses a certain quality or property. †a. Roman Catholic Church. The action of determining whether a book or proposition is heretical. Cf. qualificator n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > heresy > search for heresy > [noun] > trial qualification1826 1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 336 His Catechism and other works were submitted for qualification to Melchior Cano, his denouncer. b. Logic. The ascription of affirmative or negative quality to a proposition or term (see quality n. 10b); the classification of a proposition or term as affirmative or negative. rare. ΚΠ 1847 W. Hamilton Let. to De Morgan 44 The letters A, E, &c. do not mark the quantication [read quantification] (and qualification) of propositions, (as of old), but of propositional terms. 1890 in Cent. Dict. Qualification, the attaching of quality, or the distinction of affirmative and negative, to a term. 1901 C. S. Peirce in J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 638/1 These forms arose..from the application of not to the subjects..so it might be called the system of the thoroughgoing qualification of the subject. 1917 Mind 26 189 The interpretation suggested must not take the form of regarding ‘not’ as a qualification of the predicate of the negative proposition, e.g., of defining a proposition like ‘X is not white’ to be really ‘X is not-white’. 1957 A. N. Prior Time & Modality App. A 106 Mill..appends what he has to say..to a discussion of Hobbes's theory that even negation ought properly to be thought of as a qualification of the predicate rather than of the copula. Compounds C1. General attributive, esp. in senses 5 and 6, as qualification test, qualification ticket, etc. ΚΠ 1711 J. Swift in Examiner June 1/2 The Qualification-Bill..is perhaps the greatest Security that ever was contriv'd for preserving the Constitution. 1797 Sporting Mag. 9 100 A gentleman..applied..for a qualification-ticket. 1853 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 16 133 The vakeels or pleaders have a license or qualification certificate, to practise. 1881 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 13 68 A qualification ticket, especially if the contest is to be close and sharp, has a recognized money value. 1974 Times 6 Feb. 14/2 The qualification test has been simplified for the emergency: a declaration that 26 stamps have been paid within the previous 12 months is enough to entitle people to the full rate for a year. 1994 Onset Mag. (Toronto, Ont.) Aug.–Sept. 36/1 The big job-field is still teaching, but over the years as foreigners have flooded the market, qualification standards have risen. C2. qualification shares n. the shares in a company which a person must hold in order to qualify for directorship. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > types of shares bonus share1823 preference share1842 preferred share1842 qualification shares1846 pref1849 financial1864 founder's-shares1889 preference1890 preferred1891 ordinary1898 participation1916 equity1930 leader1938 Euroequity1969 small cap1984 1846 Times 14 Apr. 4/4 The provisional committee will receive back 4,500l. out of the 6,000l. which they paid as deposits on their qualification shares. 1899 Daily News 28 Mar. 8/3 The money had been given on account of that gentleman's qualification shares. 1983 B. A. K. Rider Insider Trading i. 34 An insider may have a defence..in regard to the taking up of qualification shares required under the terms of a company's articles. Derivatives qualifiˈcationless adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > having no qualification undergraduate1685 qualificationless1898 1898 Westm. Gaz. 16 Dec. 8/3 The new Bill evidently contemplated the possibility of qualificationless directors. 1956 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 9 Dec. 46/5 After once obtaining the qualificationless license as tree surgeon, the home owner could legally prune and fertilize and spray his roses. 1996 Dominion (Wellington) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 16 Unemployment was rising and prospects for a useful life in property crime were looking brighter by the minute for qualificationless skinheads. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1529
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