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puncheonn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French ponchon, ponçon. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ponchon, poncheon, pouncheon, pounceon and Middle French ponçon, poinçon, poinson, ponchon, poinchon, penchon (French poinçon ) pointed or piercing tool (c1200 in Old French), piercing weapon (c1275), (in building) king-post, vertical strut (a1327), tool for stamping a design (1355), probably < classical Latin punctiōn- , punctiō action of pricking (see punction n.); compare post-classical Latin punzonus, ponconius, poncona pointed or piercing tool (1275–14th cent. in British sources), punchona pointed or piercing tool, tool for stamping a design (1358 in a British source), punsonus, punzunus short timber (1236–14th cent. in British sources), ponso pointed or piercing tool, short timber (1291 in a British source). Compare also Old Occitan ponsson (1347; Occitan ponçon, ponchon), Catalan punxó (late 14th cent.), Spanish punzón (c1230), Portuguese punção (1502), Italian punzone (1353), and also ( < Middle French) Middle Dutch poensoen (Dutch ponsoen), and ( < Italian) Middle Low German punzūne, all in sense ‘pointed or piercing tool, tool for stamping a design’.With the sense ‘mark made by a stamping tool’ (see quot. 1421 at sense 1) compare Middle French, French poinçon (1554 in this sense; now obsolete). It is unclear whether the following early examples (in sense 4) are to be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1348 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 471/1 m.1 Pro iij peciis maeremii vocatis Pounchonns emptis pro eisdem gradibus, xxj d.1359 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 305 [For timber and] ponchouns [to mend the walls, 3 s.].1374 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 172 [He alleged that the defendant had taken down the] punchon ostii [of the tavern and also of the shop].1410 in 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1883) App. 20 in Parl. Papers (C. 3773) XXXVII. 1 [The] punchons [of the first floor are to be nine feet up to the] gistes. Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: compare Johannes filius Puncon (1177), William Puncun (1210), Johannes Punchiun (1274), John Ponchun (1301), Robertus Ponchoun (1311–12), etc., although it is unclear whether these are to be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word, and it is further possible that some examples may reflect puncheon n.2 or its Anglo-Norman etymon. An alternative (and more convincing) explanation of these names as a diminutive of the Anglo-Norman and Old French name Ponz (Latin Pontius) has been suggested by P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Eng. Surnames (1991) s.v. Punshon. I. A tool for punching (cf. punch v.1). society > occupation and work > equipment > marking tools > [noun] > stamping tools society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > tools 1363 in (1914) III. 112 (MED) We..have Ordeyned..Germyn lynche..Graver of the pounsouns of the said moneis and coignes. 1421 in W. Fraser (1885) III. 57 Twelfe pecys of syluyr, merkit with the pounsoun of Paryse. 1503 in J. B. Paul (1900) II. 358 Ane hammyr, turcas, and othir punschioun irnis. 1562–3 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 227 The tursell..togidder with twa punscheownis, the ane berand the saidis letteris..and the uther berand the saidis crescentis and thirsell. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy ii. f. 21 To make Characters for imprinting, it is requisite first to haue ponchions of steel, softned by the fire, on the which they graue with counter-ponchions hardned. 1604 in Devon 352 For making and graving certain puncheons for the shaping of his Majesty's picture upon the said pieces of largess. 1670 in Hart (1900) 163 I can furnish ye Latin Matrices, but the Greek Punctions are not found together. 1718 J. Chamberlayne (ed. 25) i. iii. xi. 287 [Oxford, Clarendon Printing-House.] An Office for the Letter-founder, furnished with Furnaces, Punchions, Matrices, Moulds [etc.]. 1780 V. 346 The puncheon makes the dye, and the counter-puncheon is the dye when it is made. 1818 88 ii. 330 The matrix and puncheon had not made his heart callous. 1864 8 Oct. 229/1 One by one the blocks are placed so as to receive the impact of the puncheon. 1944 2 167/1 A stamp or puncheon..was made of clay and fired. 1965 34 215 The life of a reverse die, that is, the puncheon..is a good deal shorter than the maximum life of an obverse, or anvil die. 1994 May 32 With this coin there is a conflict of opinion amongst numismatists: some say that an R was used in place of a B on the puncheon; others say that the R is merely a broken B! society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > engraving tools society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > equipment 1367–8 in J. T. Fowler (1899) II. 571 (MED) In operacione 30 petr. ferri in 23 secur. Cementar., 25 ponsones, cum chissils, 4 hakkis, 2 pikkis, et 19 weggis. 1397 in J. Raine (1837) p. cxix (MED) Instrumenta operariorum..ij haks et j pyk..ij ponchong cum j craw. (Harl. 221) 416 Punchon, stimulus punctorium. 1496 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 174 iiij pounchions of Iron & Steele. 1529 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 5 The thrid falt to bring thar caldrone or kettellis to the cros and ding thame throw with ane puncione. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner iii. f. 121v Bored or stricken through, with many strokes of a small punchin or smal nayle. 1580 C. Hollyband Poinson de fer, an yron bodkin or ponsion. 1596 T. Lodge sig. F4 He with a punchion of steele in a table of white Alablaster engraued this. 1658 tr. G. della Porta iii. viii. 74 Having first loosed the pith of either of them with a wooden puncheon. 1659 G. Torriano Buríno, a graving-toole, a pounceon. 1660 c. 4 (Bk. Rates) Punsons & Gravers for Goldsmithes. 1662 J. Evelyn i. 4 Those who carve with the cheezil, or work in Bosse with the Puntion, as our Statuaries..do. 1714 tr. 413 Swedish Ships..loaded with Awls, Punchins and such Tools. 1856 M. L. Booth tr. 240 Puncheon, one of the tools of the marble worker; an iron instrument, with a sharp, steeled point. 1873 E. Spon 1st Ser. 386/2 The pieces..are thickly grooved, bolstered with the puncheon. 2000 93 62 The engraving tool was replaced by a puncheon. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > for piercing or pricking society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] c1425 (c1400) 9352 (MED) Some In his body bar a tronchoun, As it were put In with a ponchoun. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) i. 545 Syne in his capitole wes he [sc. Cæsar]..Slayne with pusoune rycht to the ded. 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil vii. iv Their..puncheons close in staues they beare. 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) sig. Ccv The nexte day after, the soldiers of Brutus entering his tentes, stabbed many holes with their puncheons in his couch. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais x. 45 Poinadoes, Skenes, Penknives, Puncheons. II. A piece of timber. the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a vertical support, post, or stake society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > door-post society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support 1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 156 (MED) To þe tymbermonger of wodstrete for vj bordes to dyuerse dores..with xiiij quarters for poonchyns and stodes. 1466 Contract 25 June in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) III. 93 With a purloyn on..the said sparres with punchions fro the bemes to bere the same. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 446 Mynouris sone thai gert pers throw the wall, Syn pounciouns fyryt and to the ground kest all. 1519 W. Horman xiii. f. 142v The dore felle of from the pouncheon. Fores cardini exciderunt. 1571 in B. Marsh (1915) III. 151 A punchion was put in wthout tenauntes. 1617 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) I. 205 The particians shall bee maide with..punchions and studds of oake. 1643 Prosecution Jonathan Dade in 36 (1944) 331 The grounds, when the puncheons let into the pitts by the Collyers to support the roof of the work are removed, will sink and fall in. 1686 R. Boyle Let. 8 Apr. in (2001) VI. 176 I am inform'd the Punchions, or Prop-wood (as we term it) must be fresh, green cut, and plac'd in moisture, and the Bark on. 1703 R. Neve 7 Jambs, Posts, or Puncheons of Doors. 1730 (Royal Soc.) 36 204 The 7th Figure represents the Crane with the walking Wheel, the whole turning round upon the strong Post or Puncheon S. 1815 W. Marshall 132 The principal appropriation of the Underwood is to Puncheons or Supporters for the Coal-Pits. 1896 C. E. Hall iv. 20 Some puncheons and scaflings gave way, and th' roof fell in. 1972 (B.S.I.) 32 Puncheon. In timbering to an excavation. A short post usually placed between horizontal frames as a spacing support. 1995 54 338/1 Each individual puncheon of the tracery..is a sizable timber in its own right. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > wood for other specific uses society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > dressed > roughly or split one side 1686 William Fitzhugh & his Chesapeake World in C. R. Lounsbury (1994) 297 Pallizado'd in with locust Punchens, which is as good as if it were walled in & more lasting than any of our bricks. 1725 in D. N. Mereness (1916) 150 [We] went to Old Estotoe a large Town and very well ffortifyed all round with Punchins and also ditched on the Outside with the sd Punchins. 1791 in W. R. Jillson (1930) 109 It is kept covered from the weather by a deer skin and some pieces of puncheon. 1804 in (1909) 4 9 Houses or cabins..are generally made of heavy timber logs covered with split timbers called ‘puncheons’ which they pin to the rafters with wooden pins. 1804 P. Gass 3 Nov. (1807) 61 A floor of puncheons or split plank were laid, and covered with grass and clay. 1855 W. Sargent 84 A roof of puncheons, rudely shaped with the broad-axe. 1892 July 22/2 The cabin was an odd little structure, whose floor was of puncheon. 1946 C. Richter 164 The puncheons had holes for seat legs. 1955 R. P. Hobson xv. 165 I figure that all it will cost you is the axes, shovels, spikes for punchen, crow bars, [etc.]. 1989 D. H. Fischer 272 Many of these structures were made of ‘puncheons’, or timbers which had been crudely split. Compounds General attributive. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun] 1548 f. lxxxii Euery one in his hande a Punchion spere, wherewith..foyned and lashed alwayes one at another, two for two. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1835/2 At the Tourney .xij. strokes, wyth the sword, three pushes with the punchion staffe. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch 164 He dyd teache his souldiers to cary long iauelines or punchion staues. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxvii. xxviii. 650 Others from the turrets of the gate pelted the enemies with stones, and pushed at them with punchion poles [L. sudibus]. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > made of logs 1754 J. Innes Let. 27 Sept. in (1898) I. 48 I have erected a puntion Fort. 1784 G. Washington 20 Sept. (1925) II. 294 A Logged dwelling house with a punchion roof. 1838 B. Drake 64 They danced merrily over the puncheon floor of their rustic cabins. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ I. xxi. 199 Adjoining the bureau was the puncheon table with its white oak legs. 1894 H. H. Gardener 99 She swung her fat body about on the puncheon stool and gave a tremendous snort. 1940 W. Faulkner ii. i. 110 The heatless lean-to room was his desert cell, the thin pallet bed on the puncheon floor the couch of stones on which he would lie. 1963 R. D. Symons xiv. 145 The floor was of the puncheon type—that is, poplar poles laid across stringers and smoothed with an adze, with no attempt at nailing. 2003 F. W. Beckey 361/1 The route was noted for puncheon bridges. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). puncheonn.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French ponchon, ponson. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ponchon and Middle French ponson, poinçon, poinson, poinsson, ponchon, ponchen, poinchon (c1260 in Old French; French poinçon ), apparently a transferred use of ponchon puncheon n.1, probably from the practice of putting an official mark on barrels of approved capacity. Compare Middle Dutch poensoen (Dutch ponsoen), Middle High German punze (early modern German Punze, German regional (Bavaria and Austria) Punze, Punzen).In Older Scots sometimes unchanged in the plural. It is unclear whether the following early example is to be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1374 Harvest Accounts (MS Essex Record Office D/DPr 13) In i carecte conductione per vnum diem pro bladi decimo apud Colne carando cum vno punchen ad idem et expensione eorundem xx denarii. Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: see note at puncheon n.1 the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > specific liquid or dry units > barrel or cask as unit society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun] > large barrel 1400 in C. Frost (1827) App. 9 Pro j pynson sungm' alb', j pynson, iij bar' alic'. 1419–20 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 201 (MED) j pownchon of yryn, j ȝerde of laton. 1479 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 134 Gevin..to John of Tyre to by a pwncion of wyne. 1536 c. 14 In the Parliament holden..in the first yere of the reign of Kyng Richarde the thirde..it was establisshed that..every tercyan or poncheon [of wine should contain] lxxxiiij galons. ?a1560 L. Digges (1571) iii. xi. sig. R iv Sundrie kindes of wine vessels, as the tunne, the pipe, the punshion, hogsheads, buttes, barrels. 1577 in J. H. Burton (1878) 1st Ser. II. 603 Ane punsioun of salmond. 1626 Edinb. Test. LIII. f. 317, in at Puns(c)hio(u)ne In his wyne taverne..in ane punscheoune certane dreg estimat to vj li. 1694 45 As much Salt..as filled a Punchion. 1750 G. G. Beekman Let. 31 Jan. in (1956) I. 101 Take this freedom to Consigne you Eleven punchens of Rum. 1789 J. Morse 112 The sloop..was laden with one hundred and nineteen puncheons of Jamaica spirits. 1834 F. Marryat II. xiii. 219 She had a puncheon of otto of roses on board. 1898 July 630 He drew a dram from a puncheon at his feet and quaffed it. 1927 E. Lewis i. xix. 205 Old army clothes..came packed in large puncheons and barrels. 1957 R. W. Beachey iii. 75 In 1837, the proportion was 36 puncheons of rum to 100 hogsheads of sugar. 1990 J. Conaway vi. xxxvii. 349 The winemaker..wanted to ferment the Chardonnay in new, 130-gallon puncheons of Allier oak, medium toast. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † puncheonadj.Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: punch adj. Etymology: Apparently alteration of punch adj. by analogy with the pair punch n.1 and puncheon n.1; compare also trunch adj. and truncheon adj. Compare punched adj.2In form punching with ending remodelled after -ing suffix2. Obsolete. rare. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [adjective] > of build of horse > short and stout 1703 No. 3881/4 A thick punching Horse between 5 and 6 years old. 1709 No. 4523/4 Stoln.., a bright Bay Nag, near 14 hands high, a very strong Punchion Horse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < |
