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单词 purpure
释义

purpuren.adj.

Brit. /ˈpəːpjʊə/, U.S. /ˈpərp(j)ər/
Forms:

α. Old English purpura, Old English purpurr (rare), Old English (rare)–1600s purpur, Old English– purpure, Middle English pupure (probably transmission error), late Middle English porpure, late Middle English pourpure; also Scottish pre-1700 purpuir, pre-1700 purpur, pre-1700 purpwre. eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxx. 147 Þa gewearð hi him betweonum [sc. Diocletian and Maximian] þæt hie woldon þa onwaldas forlætan, & þa purpuran alecgan þa hie weredon.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 257 Purpura purpur [OE Faust. purpurr], purpvratus mid purpuran gescryd.OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 17 Hi..scryddon hine mid purpuran [c1200 Hatton purpren]. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 5 A clooth of purpur.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1288 Palaisez proudliche pyghte, þat palyd ware ryche Of pall and of purpure.c1480 (a1400) Seven Sleepers 192 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 431 Þis gud emperoure [sc. Theodosius]..putand a-way purpure & chare.a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) v. l. 3889 Aray off ryche purpwre.1542–3 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 173 Purpuir velvet.1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 17 b The whiche colour in armes, is Purple, and is blazed by this word Purpure, which is a princelye colour.1649 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Epist. i. xxix. 8 Cloathed with Christs Purpur-Mantle.a1663 D. Dickson Truths Victory over Error (1684) Ep. Ded. Tyrian Purpure, wherewith the Persians were accustomed to present their Princes.1725 J. Coats New Dict. Heraldry (rev. ed.) 234 Mercury, the thieving God of the Heathens, is by those who blazon by Planets, appointed to signify Purpure, or Purple.1894 H. Gough & J. Parker Gloss. Terms Heraldry (new ed.) Purpure..this colour, as it is considered by some, but tincture as it is allowed to be by others, is found but rarely in early rolls of arms.1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry iv. 52 By 1616 the Purpure supporters of the Marquess of Winchester are once more a shade of mauve.

β. Old English purpran (dative), early Middle English purpras (plural), early Middle English purpren (dative), early Middle English–1600s purpre, Middle English porpre, Middle English purpres (plural), Middle English–1500s pourpre, late Middle English pupree (probably transmission error); also Scottish pre-1700 porpre. OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xlviii. 36 Heo hi silfe mid cynelicum reafe gefrætwode and mid purpran gescridde and hire heafod mid golde and mid gimmon geglængde.c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Hatton) xv.17 Hyo..scridden hine mid purpren [OE Corpus Cambr. mid purpuran].c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 531 O schene nebschaft..þet schulde beo se prudeliche ischrud ant iprud ba wið pel ant wið purpre.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1185 & claðes inowe, pælles & purpras [c1300 purpres].1340 Ayenbite (1866) 229 Hi ham cloþeþ..mid pourpre [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues in purpre] and mid uayre robes.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1568 Ful gaye in gounes of porpre.1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 169 b/1 In roobes of pourpre.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 38 Y-clothid alle in purpre & bisse.1602 J. Colville Parænese 109 Vhar he callit[h] Rome the porpre or skarlat hoor.1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 84 Those birdes with purpre [1623–9 purple; 1657 purpure] neckes called Penelopes.1696 G. Harvey Treat. Small-pox & Measles (new ed.) viii. 47 Those that are of a shining purpre red, are named Carbuncles.

γ. early Middle English purpir, Middle English porpere, Middle English puper (probably transmission error), Middle English purper, Middle English purpere, Middle English purpire, Middle English purpyre, late Middle English purpyr, 1500s purperen; also Scottish pre-1700 pourper, pre-1700 purper, pre-1700 purpir, pre-1700 purpyr. a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 1174 Purpir palle Iesu stod inne.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 6968 Pelles, purper, gold, and monaye.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 25465 Ne purperpall, nee pride o pane.c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) 654 Fleth ek the queen, with al hire porpere [v.rr. purpre, purpyr] sayl.1478 W. Worcester Itineraries 48 Cum tribus robis de..purpyre.1488 in P. F. Tytler Inventory Jewels James III (1864) ii. 393 Item a covering of variand purpir tarter.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xliv. 11 This quene is atirid with..purpire.?1505 J. van Doesborch tr. Lytel Treatyse xv. Tokens sig. D.2b And att viij tyme shal oure lorde shewe his gowne of purperen [Fr. sa robe de pourpre] there hem pylatus wyth clothed. ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 35 All in purpyr thay him cled.1689 in F. C. Moncreiff & W. Moncreiffe Moncreiffs & Moncreiffes (1929) 670 4 turned chairs with purper cushens.

δ. Middle English porpor, Middle English purpowr, late Middle English pourpour, late Middle English purpour, late Middle English–1500s purpoure; also Scottish pre-1700 pourpour, pre-1700 pourpoure, pre-1700 purpoir, pre-1700 purpor, pre-1700 purpour, pre-1700 purpowre; also (in early modern English) represented by the abbreviation prpourec1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1743 Sone watz Danyel dubbed in ful dere porpor.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1375 Þane presez a preker in, full proudely arayede, That beres all of pourpour, palyde with syluer.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 40 Cled With purpour silk.1599 A. Hume Poems (1902) 32 And painted is the occident With pourpour sanguine bright.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin purpura; French porpre, porpere, purpure.
Etymology: Originally < classical Latin purpura, feminine noun (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman porpre, pourpre, purpeir, purpere, purpir, purpre, purpur and Old French porpere, porpre, purpre, Old French, Middle French pourpre, purpure (French pourpre ) (noun) purple or crimson robe or garment (end of the 10th cent.), deep crimson or scarlet colour (c1265; early 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman in spec. use in heraldry), shellfish yielding the dye Tyrian purple (early 14th cent.), (adjective) of a purple colour (c1170) < classical Latin purpura shellfish yielding the dye Tyrian purple, purple dye obtained from this shellfish, purple-dyed cloth, purple garment, purple colour occurring in nature < ancient Greek πορϕύρα shellfish yielding the dye Tyrian purple, purple dye, purple-dyed cloth, in Hellenistic Greek also purple garment, of uncertain origin, probably a loanword (perhaps from the Near East). Compare Old Occitan porpra , (with dissimilation) polpra (14th cent.; Occitan porpra ), Catalan porpra , (with dissimilation) polpra (both late 13th cent.), púrpura (1575; now in sense A. 1), Spanish púrpura (first half of the 13th cent.; c1200 as †porpola , with dissimilation; also †porpora ), Portuguese púrpura (13th cent.), Italian porpora , †purpura (a1250 as †porpore ). Compare also Middle Dutch purper , purpur (Dutch purper ), Middle Low German purpure , purper , Old High German purpura , purpur (Middle High German purper , German Purpur ), Old Icelandic purpuri , Old Swedish purpure (Swedish purpur , also as adjective), Gothic paurpura , paurpaura , all < Latin. Compare porphyry n., purple adj., purple n. With sense B. 2 compare earlier purpurine adj.In Old English the word shows variation both in form and gender; it is usually a weak noun (feminine purpure or, less commonly, masculine purpura ), but a rare strong form purpur is also attested. The use as adjective probably developed out of a reanalysis of attributive uses of the genitive (e.g. purpuran rēaf garment of purple cloth, purpuran gierela attire of purple cloth; compare quot. OE at sense A. 1), probably further influenced by the existence of Old English purpuren (adjective) purple (also in the compound eall-purpuren all-purple; < Old English purpure + -en suffix4: compare note at purpurine adj.); compare:OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 154 Clauus uel purpur, purpuren hrægel.OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 5 Þa eode se Hælend ut & bær þyrnenne cynehelm & purpuren reaf. Compare also the Old High German compound purpurūn-roc overgarment of purple cloth, in which the first element is < Old High German purpurūn , genitive singular of purpura purple cloth. Early examples of β. forms are instances of oblique cases of the noun, which show elision of the unstressed vowel in the second syllable. These were later reinforced by French forms similarly showing elision. The γ. forms reflect reduction of the unstressed vowel in the second syllable. The form purpuren in quot. ?1505 at γ. forms may be influenced by Dutch purperen (see purpurine adj.); the text in which it occurs is a translation (printed in Antwerp, and probably by a Fleming, Jan van Doesborch) from a Middle French original. The predominance of the form purpure in later use, and also the pronunciation /ˈpəːpjʊə/, may be due to association with words in -ure suffix1, or to the parallel spelling of azure n., azure adj., which is likewise used as a heraldic term.
A. n.
†1. A purple or crimson robe or garment, as traditionally worn by people of royal or imperial rank (see purple n. 1). Also: purple cloth or clothing, regarded as a luxury. Obsolete. purpure and pall (also pall and purpure): an alliterative collocation, which probably arose when pall began to lose its specific sense of ‘purple cloth’, and came to mean simply ‘rich cloth’ (see pall n.1 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > of specific colour
purpureeOE
blackc1225
greyc1225
white?c1225
greena1250
yellow1368
violet1380
purplec1390
blue1480
colours1641
tawnies1809
butternut1810
subfusc1853
solid1883
Lovat1908
jungle green1946
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > purple or blue
purpureeOE
violet1380
jacinth1382
bluec1390
watchetc1405
celestinec1430
celestrine1435
turkin1483
hyacinth1610
London blue1633
mazarine1694
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. iv. 89 Hit næs þeaw mid him þæt ænig oþer purpuran werede buton cyningum.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 150 Se casere..dyde of his purpuran, and his pellenan gyrlan.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 531 Ischrud ant iprud ba wið pel ant wið purpre.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 67 Al þe cure [wes] ouertild þet he wes itohen on wið purpres & pelles [c1225 Royal wið purpre wið pal].
a1350 Maximian (Harl.) 11 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 245 (MED) Ys wille he heuede ynoh, purpre & pal he droh, & oþer murþes mo.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xvi. 19 Sum man was rich and was clothid in purpur.
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 443 (MED) Pighte was it [sc. a pavilion] prowdely withe purpure [a1500 Douce purpour] and paulle.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 169 b/1 In roobes of pourpre.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 306 (MED) Clad all in purpur was she more & lesse.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. xi. 14 Ourspred with carpetis of the fyne purpour.
1603 J. Hayward Answer Conf. conc. Succession i. 37 So soone as I was borne the imperiall purpure did receiue me.
a1663 D. Dickson Truths Victory over Error (1684) Ep. Ded. I have sometimes appeared in publick, though not with the Gold of Ophir, and Tyrian Purpure, wherewith the Persians were accustomed to present their Princes.
1762 R. Gough Hist. Carausius 4 He attained unto so high Degree of Honour as to usurpe the imperial Robes of Purpure.
2.
†a. A deep crimson or scarlet colour. Cf. purple n. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > deep red or crimson
crimson madderOE
purpureOE
murrey1305
tuly1398
oxblood?1440
crimson?a1475
sanguinea1500
carnation?1533
murrey colour1537
purple-red1565
ruby1572
sanguine red1601
velvet-crimson1646
lake1660
lac1682
rubine1704
madder red1728
ruby-red1738
granate1750
palm-colour1773
morone1777
carmine1799
vinaceous1819
incarnadine1821
crimsoning1833
pigeon's blood1865
solferinoc1865
Burgundy1881
sang-de-bœuf1881
vermilion-crimson1882
claret1884
royal red1890
wine1895
pigeon ruby red1897
Bordeaux1904
peony1914
madder crimson1991
OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 156 Ferrugo, blac purpur.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 15 Muskles..haueþ wiþ ynne hem margery perles of alle manere colour and hewe, of rody and rede, of purpur [?a1475 (anonymous translation) a purpulle coloure] and of blew.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. xvii. 280 Purpre that we calle red representeth the fire the moost noble of all iiii elementes.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) Comm. viii. viii. 331/2 The chesyble betokeneth the cloth of purpure in whiche the knyghtes clothed hym in scorne.
a1500 in A. Zettersten Middle Eng. Lapidary (1968) 34 (MED) The Colonytes is a stone þat is..like to purpur of blake colour.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) ii. 1483 The variant hewis without of purpour thine.
1584 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 45 This foule [sc. the phœnix]..Quhois bodie haill uith pourpoure uas ourcledd, Quhois taile of coloure uas celestiall bleu.
b. Heraldry. Purple as a colour or tincture, represented in engraving by diagonal lines from the sinister chief to the dexter base.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > colour > purple
purpurec1440
mercury1562
amethyst1572
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1375 (MED) Þane presez a preker in, full proudely arayede, That beres all of pourpour, palyde with syluer.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 17 b The whiche colour in armes, is Purple, and is blazed by this word Purpure, which is a princelye colour.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 585 With baneris braid, and standertis in the air, Palit with purpoir, plesand and preclair.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire To Rdr. sig. B2v If ever hereafter I shall meet with any bearing Purpure, Ten, or Sanguine;..Ten [shall be represented] with lines salter-ways, mixt of Vert and Purpure.
1725 J. Coats New Dict. Heraldry (rev. ed.) 234 Mercury, the thieving God of the Heathens, is by those who blazon by Planets, appointed to signify Purpure, or Purple.
1759 New Universal Hist. Arts & Sci. II. 79/1 It [sc. sanguine] is represented in engraving by transverse hatches like purpure.
1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1240/2 Tinctures, in Heraldry, are of three descriptions: metals, colours, and furs. The former are or, argent; the second gules, azure, sable, vert, purpure, sanguine, and tenny.
1894 H. Gough & J. Parker Gloss. Terms Heraldry (new ed.) Purpure..this colour, as it is considered by some, but tincture as it is allowed to be by others, is found but rarely in early rolls of arms.
1947 Pottstown (Pa.) Mercury 10 June 5/1 In the symbolism of heraldry, purpure—purple is the color of royalty and rank.
1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 270/1 Purpure... Represented in engraver's cross-hatching by parallel lines in bend sinister.
2006 Wired June 22/1 Colors are red (gules), black (sable), blue (azure), green (vert), and purple (purpure).
†3. A gastropod mollusc which yielded the dye Tyrian purple; = purple n. 5. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Thaididae > member of genus Purpura (purple)
purpure?a1425
purple1580
purple-fish1591
purple whelk1681
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. met. viii. 16 Men..knowen which watir haboundeth moost of reed purpre [L. purpurae], that is..of a maner schellefyssch with which men deien purpre.
B. adj.
†1.
a. Of a purple colour; spec. of the distinguishing colour of royal or imperial dress. Cf. purple adj. 1a, 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [adjective]
purpurine1300
purpurec1400
purple1415
purpurate?c1422
purple-coloured1567
porphyrite1601
purpie1651
purpurean1656
blattean1658
purpureal1708
porphyrous1798
Babylonian1846
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > deep red or crimson
blood-redeOE
purpleOE
bloodyOE
purpurine1300
sanguinea1382
tuly1398
crimsonc1400
murreyc1400
purpurec1400
sanguinolentc1450
cramoisy1480
ruby-redc1487
rubya1500
sanguineousc1520
sanguine-coloured1552
blood-coloured1567
rubine1576
purple-red1578
rubied?1594
incarnadine1605
Tyrian?1614
rubiousa1616
murrey-coloured1657
haematine1658
vinaceous1688
carmine1737
claret-coloured1779
ensanguined1785
peony1810
sanguinaceous1816
gory1822
crimsony1830
vinous1834
laky1849
grenat1851
madder1852
wine-dark1855
pigeon's blood1870
poppy crimson1879
claret1882
vinous1894
alizarin1923
wine1950
c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: John (Hatton) xix. 5 Se hælend..bær þernenne kenehelm & purpre reaf [OE Corpus Cambr. purpuren reaf].
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 81 (MED) A pourpre cloþ hi dede hym on, A scorne an hym to wondre.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 206v Purpre salt in Scicilia in pathmos is so bright and cleere þat ymages beþ y-seye þerInne.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 1016 Þe amatyst purpre with ynde blente.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1655 in Poems (1981) 65 Thir iolie flouris,..Sum grene, sum blew, sum purpour, quhyte, and reid.
1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 14 Sylke of Purpoure Coloure.
1577 Hill's Gardeners Labyrinth sig. LI. iii Time whych hath a purpure floure, is commended.
c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 19 With purpure blush, soone as the morne displayes Heaven's cristall gates.
1676 W. Cunningham Diary 20 Nov. (1887) 83 For 5 ells purpur ribbon for ties For 5 ells ¼ broad purpur ribbon.
1692 Inventory in Sc. Notes & Queries (1900) Dec. 92/1 Ane highe wanscot bed with purpure hingins and pand furnished with silk frenzies.
b. Modifying colour words to form adjectives and nouns. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 197 Amatistus is purpre rede in colour, y-medlid wiþ colour of violette [L. Est autem ametistus colore purpureo et violatio permixtus quasi rosa].
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Lion & Mouse l. 1350 in Poems (1981) 55 His chymmeris wes off chambelate purpour broun.
1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 209 For x elne wellus purpur violet.
1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. D2 And painted is the occident, With pourpour sanguine bright.
2. Heraldry. Of the colour or tincture purpure. Also as postmodifier.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [adjective] > purple
purpure1562
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 145 He bereth Purpure, on a pale Sable .iij. emperiall Crownes, Or.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie i. vi. 24 Six..Lionceaux rampant purpure.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. 30/1 He beareth Argent, a Scarpe Purpure, of some termed a Scarf.
1701 J. Stevens Brief Hist. Spain viii. 101 A Lion Rampant Purpure.
1799 Naval Chron. 1 393 Two eagles, purpure, beaked.
1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xiv. § i. 153 Sometimes blazoned purpure instead of gules.
1927 C. K. Bolton Amer. Armory 23 On the bridge an embattled tower purpure charged with 3 pellets.
1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry iv. 52 By 1616 the Purpure supporters of the Marquess of Winchester are once more a shade of mauve.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.eOE
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