Punjabin.adj.

Brit.

/pʌnˈdʒɑːbi/,

/pʊnˈdʒɑːbi/,

/pʌnˈdʒɔːbi/, U.S.

/pənˈdʒɑbi/

Forms:

α. 1700s–1800s Punjaubee, 1700s– Punjabee, 1800s Penjabi, 1800s– Punjabi.

β. 1800s– Panjabi.

Origin: A borrowing from Urdu. Etymon: Urdu Panjābī.

Etymology: < Urdu Panjābī < Panjāb Punjab n. + -ī -i suffix².

A. n.

1. Usually in form Panjabi. The Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab (also spoken in Punjabi communities elsewhere).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Punjabi

Punjabi1787

Gurmukhi1888

α.

1787 J. Gilchrist Dict. Eng. & Hindoostanee I. Pref. p. xxiii The Hindoostanee varies likewise in the same manner, as..Punjabee, Poorbee, &c. which are rather mere varieties, than specific dialects.

1801 Asiatick Researches 7 230 I allude to the Penjábí and to the Brij-bhákhá.

1838 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 7 711 The Sikhs..carried their hatred..to such an extent as to substitute a vocabulary for their native Punjábî.

1862 R. G. Latham Elements Compar. Philol. 219 The following..gives a rough sketch of the grammatical character of the Punjabi.

1921 Outward Bound Feb. 74/1 They spoke only Punjabi, of which at that time I knew but three words.

1991 Independent (Bombay) 6 Dec. 16/2 Singing in Punjabi and Gujarati, they rendered bhajans, geets and ghazals together.

β. 1837 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 7 17 The upper classes speak corrupted Persian, the lower orders a jargon of Sind'hi and Panjábi.1854 L. Janvier Dict. Panjábí Lang. p. iv The character here adopted, and ordinarily used in writing Panjábí, is that known as the Gurmukhí.1950 D. Jones Phoneme xvi. 84 Such a language as Panjabi which makes use of essential word-tones.1979 Trans. Philol. Soc. 192 The very mixed character of the language of the Âdi Granth..should not be allowed to obscure the fact that these scriptures provide the best available evidence for Old Panjabi.2006 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 3 Feb. 12 The pilot began with French, German and Spanish, but is already moving into Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Urdu and Panjabi, with more languages in the pipeline.

2. A native or inhabitant of the Punjab; a person of Punjabi descent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > parts of

Malabar1582

Gujaratic1607

Bengalan1613

Goan1652

Hindustan1662

Macassar1665

Gangetic1677

Malabarian1709

Mysorean1761

Bengalese1778

Assamese1794

Hindustani1813

Marwari1815

Sindhi1815

mofussilite1828

Mizo1832

Goanese1835

Punjabi1843

Bengali1848

Sindian1849

Madrasi1851

Toda1851

Hindia1853

Lushai1862

Kashmirian1876

Kashmir1882

Kashmiri1882

Konkani1885

ditcher1886

Ladakhi1893

Bihari1897

Sikkimese1938

Rajasthani1947

Maharashtrian1953

α.

1843 H. Lawrence Jrnl. 9 Dec. (1980) 128 On the sad stump that remained of a coach-box, sat a wild Punjaubee.

1846 Hist. Punjab I. ii. 36 In the plains, Patans..are mixed with Jats and Cathis, who compose the bulk of the Punjabis, properly so called.

1878 G. Smith Life J. Wilson xvii. 547 Nanuk, the herd-boy, was the Punjabee or Sikh.

1897 Daily News 21 Sept. 5/3 The brunt of the attack fell upon the portion of the camp which was held by the 5th Punjabis.

1969 Hindu 3 Aug. (Weekly Mag.) p. iii/1 One of the contributory factors enabling the average Punjabi to drink more milk than his counterpart in other States.

1991 A. Chaudhuri Strange & Sublime Addr. (1992) 190 ‘Punjabis eat parathas,’ mumbled Rehman, his mouth full of rice. ‘One Punjabi can finish off seven or eight parathas.’

β. 1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 179 The vulgar Panjabis will not wear clothes on which a lizard has fallen.1923 H. H. Johnston Story of my Life xi. 279 A few Panjabis had possibly wandered on shore and been taken prisoners, but were afterwards released in recognition of their common Muhammadanism.1962 B. Agehananda Ochre Robe 207 Panjabis make money and spend money; they eat real food and drink real fruit-juice.1991 Lang. in Society 20 399 The four clearly depreciative utterances directed at Panjabis in 1987 tended to be more conflictual.

3. Usually with lower-case initial. Esp. among people of South Asian descent: a kind of loose shirt or tunic; a kurta.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > other

overslopOE

golionc1290

jupec1290

herigaut1297

rocketc1300

tabardc1300

rocheta1325

suckeny?a1366

hanselinc1386

slopc1386

stolea1387

houpland1392

frockc1400

gipec1400

under-frock1547

vochette1548

shirt1553

rubashka1587

camis1590

gorbelly1598

kebaya1598

tunic1609

sotana1622

supertunic1626

simar1636

manteau1638

peplum1656

peple1658

semar1673

mantua1678

manty1678

mant1694

vest1700

banian1725

galabiya1725

peplos1738

paletota1796

pellard1799

blouse1828

chiton1850

diploidion1850

shirtwaist1859

camorra1869

diplois1887

smock1907

kurta1913

Punjabi1937

kameez1955

kente cloth1957

camouflage smock1964

kanzu1969

α.

1937 H. House I spy with my Little Eye 3 Four rows of men sitting in white punjabis.

1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy iii. lxx. 403 The presents for the groom's family..were made up of two dhotis, as many vests, and a punjabi, the long tunic that buttons up to the neck and goes down to the knees.

β. 1991 A. Chaudhuri Strange & Sublime Addr. x. 90 I was married here in Calcutta. Your Chhotomama came in a car. He was wearing a white dhuti and a silk panjabi with gold buttons, and a topor on his head.2004 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 4 Jan. The dress code is equally up-to-date, with boys in T-shirts and jeans chatting up girls wearing the simpler panjabi suits rather than saris.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Punjab, its inhabitants, or its language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [adjective] > India > parts of India

Mogul1617

Hindustan1655

Malabaric1680

Malabarian1709

Mogulish1719

Bengalian1769

Punjabi1794

Bengalic1801

Oriya1801

Telugu1816

Karnata1820

Punjab1833

Kanarese1838

Mysorean1851

Marwari1855

Bengali1858

Andaman1860

Lushai1862

Manipuri1868

Jaipur1889

Malabarese1922

Madrasi1924

Mewari1925

Maharashtrian1954

Bangla1971

α.

1794 J. Scott Contin. Hist. Aurungzebe's Successors in tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Dekkan II. ii. 142 Having selected some of their tenets, he translated them into the Punjaubee dialect.

1810 Asiatick Researches 11 277 Nánac, according to Penjábí authors, admitted the Hindú doctrine of metempsychosis.

1864 Athenæum 5 Nov. 597/1 To keep our regular troops..at a strength more than sufficient to render utterly harmless all the turbulent elements of Punjaubee Society.

1886 E. Edwardes Mem. Sir H. B. Edwardes II. 315 Before landing at Calcutta, a true Punjabee welcome met him.

1921 Outward Bound May 27/1 Ever since I was a boy..these Punjabi lyrics have kept haunting me.

1971 Shankar's Weekly (Delhi) 4 Apr. 4/1 It has been the vain task of the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan to hold down a section of Bengalis as their serfs.

2006 Guardian (Nexis) 14 Mar. 22 Last year Punjabi authorities briefly banned female participants in marathon races.

β. 1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 187 There is a very widely spread Panjabi custom known as sher dahân, or tiger's body.1914 A. H. F. Strangways Music Hindostan ix. 228 In a Panjabi regiment a drummer..was pointed out to me who sometimes wielded his sticks till his hands bled.1948 A. Toynbee Civilization on Trial v. 88 The sonorous Panjabi names of stricken fields in the Anglo-Sikh wars.1991 Lang. in Society 20 393 The account moves to consider the influence of bhangra, a Panjabi musical form that was very popular among Asian youth and that had a high local profile.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	punjabi
释义	Punjabin.adj. Brit. /pʌnˈdʒɑːbi/, /pʊnˈdʒɑːbi/, /pʌnˈdʒɔːbi/, U.S. /pənˈdʒɑbi/ Forms: α. 1700s–1800s Punjaubee, 1700s– Punjabee, 1800s Penjabi, 1800s– Punjabi. β. 1800s– Panjabi. Origin: A borrowing from Urdu. Etymon: Urdu Panjābī. Etymology: < Urdu Panjābī < Panjāb Punjab n. + -ī -i suffix². A. n. 1. Usually in form Panjabi. The Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab (also spoken in Punjabi communities elsewhere). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Punjabi Punjabi1787 Gurmukhi1888 α. 1787 J. Gilchrist Dict. Eng. & Hindoostanee I. Pref. p. xxiii The Hindoostanee varies likewise in the same manner, as..Punjabee, Poorbee, &c. which are rather mere varieties, than specific dialects. 1801 Asiatick Researches 7 230 I allude to the Penjábí and to the Brij-bhákhá. 1838 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 7 711 The Sikhs..carried their hatred..to such an extent as to substitute a vocabulary for their native Punjábî. 1862 R. G. Latham Elements Compar. Philol. 219 The following..gives a rough sketch of the grammatical character of the Punjabi. 1921 Outward Bound Feb. 74/1 They spoke only Punjabi, of which at that time I knew but three words. 1991 Independent (Bombay) 6 Dec. 16/2 Singing in Punjabi and Gujarati, they rendered bhajans, geets and ghazals together. β. 1837 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 7 17 The upper classes speak corrupted Persian, the lower orders a jargon of Sind'hi and Panjábi.1854 L. Janvier Dict. Panjábí Lang. p. iv The character here adopted, and ordinarily used in writing Panjábí, is that known as the Gurmukhí.1950 D. Jones Phoneme xvi. 84 Such a language as Panjabi which makes use of essential word-tones.1979 Trans. Philol. Soc. 192 The very mixed character of the language of the Âdi Granth..should not be allowed to obscure the fact that these scriptures provide the best available evidence for Old Panjabi.2006 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 3 Feb. 12 The pilot began with French, German and Spanish, but is already moving into Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Urdu and Panjabi, with more languages in the pipeline. 2. A native or inhabitant of the Punjab; a person of Punjabi descent. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > parts of Malabar1582 Gujaratic1607 Bengalan1613 Goan1652 Hindustan1662 Macassar1665 Gangetic1677 Malabarian1709 Mysorean1761 Bengalese1778 Assamese1794 Hindustani1813 Marwari1815 Sindhi1815 mofussilite1828 Mizo1832 Goanese1835 Punjabi1843 Bengali1848 Sindian1849 Madrasi1851 Toda1851 Hindia1853 Lushai1862 Kashmirian1876 Kashmir1882 Kashmiri1882 Konkani1885 ditcher1886 Ladakhi1893 Bihari1897 Sikkimese1938 Rajasthani1947 Maharashtrian1953 α. 1843 H. Lawrence Jrnl. 9 Dec. (1980) 128 On the sad stump that remained of a coach-box, sat a wild Punjaubee. 1846 Hist. Punjab I. ii. 36 In the plains, Patans..are mixed with Jats and Cathis, who compose the bulk of the Punjabis, properly so called. 1878 G. Smith Life J. Wilson xvii. 547 Nanuk, the herd-boy, was the Punjabee or Sikh. 1897 Daily News 21 Sept. 5/3 The brunt of the attack fell upon the portion of the camp which was held by the 5th Punjabis. 1969 Hindu 3 Aug. (Weekly Mag.) p. iii/1 One of the contributory factors enabling the average Punjabi to drink more milk than his counterpart in other States. 1991 A. Chaudhuri Strange & Sublime Addr. (1992) 190 ‘Punjabis eat parathas,’ mumbled Rehman, his mouth full of rice. ‘One Punjabi can finish off seven or eight parathas.’ β. 1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 179 The vulgar Panjabis will not wear clothes on which a lizard has fallen.1923 H. H. Johnston Story of my Life xi. 279 A few Panjabis had possibly wandered on shore and been taken prisoners, but were afterwards released in recognition of their common Muhammadanism.1962 B. Agehananda Ochre Robe 207 Panjabis make money and spend money; they eat real food and drink real fruit-juice.1991 Lang. in Society 20 399 The four clearly depreciative utterances directed at Panjabis in 1987 tended to be more conflictual. 3. Usually with lower-case initial. Esp. among people of South Asian descent: a kind of loose shirt or tunic; a kurta. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > other overslopOE golionc1290 jupec1290 herigaut1297 rocketc1300 tabardc1300 rocheta1325 suckeny?a1366 hanselinc1386 slopc1386 stolea1387 houpland1392 frockc1400 gipec1400 under-frock1547 vochette1548 shirt1553 rubashka1587 camis1590 gorbelly1598 kebaya1598 tunic1609 sotana1622 supertunic1626 simar1636 manteau1638 peplum1656 peple1658 semar1673 mantua1678 manty1678 mant1694 vest1700 banian1725 galabiya1725 peplos1738 paletota1796 pellard1799 blouse1828 chiton1850 diploidion1850 shirtwaist1859 camorra1869 diplois1887 smock1907 kurta1913 Punjabi1937 kameez1955 kente cloth1957 camouflage smock1964 kanzu1969 α. 1937 H. House I spy with my Little Eye 3 Four rows of men sitting in white punjabis. 1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy iii. lxx. 403 The presents for the groom's family..were made up of two dhotis, as many vests, and a punjabi, the long tunic that buttons up to the neck and goes down to the knees. β. 1991 A. Chaudhuri Strange & Sublime Addr. x. 90 I was married here in Calcutta. Your Chhotomama came in a car. He was wearing a white dhuti and a silk panjabi with gold buttons, and a topor on his head.2004 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 4 Jan. The dress code is equally up-to-date, with boys in T-shirts and jeans chatting up girls wearing the simpler panjabi suits rather than saris. B. adj. Of or relating to the Punjab, its inhabitants, or its language. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [adjective] > India > parts of India Mogul1617 Hindustan1655 Malabaric1680 Malabarian1709 Mogulish1719 Bengalian1769 Punjabi1794 Bengalic1801 Oriya1801 Telugu1816 Karnata1820 Punjab1833 Kanarese1838 Mysorean1851 Marwari1855 Bengali1858 Andaman1860 Lushai1862 Manipuri1868 Jaipur1889 Malabarese1922 Madrasi1924 Mewari1925 Maharashtrian1954 Bangla1971 α. 1794 J. Scott Contin. Hist. Aurungzebe's Successors in tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Dekkan II. ii. 142 Having selected some of their tenets, he translated them into the Punjaubee dialect. 1810 Asiatick Researches 11 277 Nánac, according to Penjábí authors, admitted the Hindú doctrine of metempsychosis. 1864 Athenæum 5 Nov. 597/1 To keep our regular troops..at a strength more than sufficient to render utterly harmless all the turbulent elements of Punjaubee Society. 1886 E. Edwardes Mem. Sir H. B. Edwardes II. 315 Before landing at Calcutta, a true Punjabee welcome met him. 1921 Outward Bound May 27/1 Ever since I was a boy..these Punjabi lyrics have kept haunting me. 1971 Shankar's Weekly (Delhi) 4 Apr. 4/1 It has been the vain task of the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan to hold down a section of Bengalis as their serfs. 2006 Guardian (Nexis) 14 Mar. 22 Last year Punjabi authorities briefly banned female participants in marathon races. β. 1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 187 There is a very widely spread Panjabi custom known as sher dahân, or tiger's body.1914 A. H. F. Strangways Music Hindostan ix. 228 In a Panjabi regiment a drummer..was pointed out to me who sometimes wielded his sticks till his hands bled.1948 A. Toynbee Civilization on Trial v. 88 The sonorous Panjabi names of stricken fields in the Anglo-Sikh wars.1991 Lang. in Society 20 393 The account moves to consider the influence of bhangra, a Panjabi musical form that was very popular among Asian youth and that had a high local profile. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1787
随便看	way place way port way round way station way stop way thistle way to go way traffic way train way travel way up way's end way-beaten way-beater way-beguiling way-bewildered way-bill system way-bit way-book way-cast way-chain way-cresses way-door way-end way-end pressure