pycnidiumn.

Brit.

/pɪkˈnɪdɪəm/, U.S.

/pɪkˈnɪdiəm/

Inflections: Plural pycnidia.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Or perhaps (iii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: pycnide n., English -ium; French pycnide, English -ium; Latin pycnidium.

Etymology: Either < pycnide n. (or its etymon French pycnide) + -ium, after Latin nouns with this ending (e.g. gonidium n.; see -idium comb. form), or perhaps < scientific Latin pycnidium (attributed to L. R. Tulasne (1851) by Robert Dict. alphabétique et analogique (1986), though this use has not been traced) < ancient Greek πυκνός thick, dense (see pycno- comb. form) + scientific Latin -idium -idium comb. form.

Mycology.

In certain fungi (chiefly deuteromycetes): a flask-shaped or spherical fruiting body (conidioma) containing spore-bearing cells.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts

capsule1693

perithecium1800

aecidium1821

hymenium1830

pseudoperidium1832

pseudoperithecium1832

disc1842

trichidium1842

spicule1843

sporophore1849

stylospore1851

pycnide1856

cyst1857

pycnidium1857

basidium1858

cystidium1858

basidiospore1859

conidium1861

pollinarium1861

gonosphere1865

hymenophorum1866

spicula1866

teleutospore1866

promycelium1867

gonosphaerium1873

hymenophore1874

paracyst1874

sterigma1874

pollinodium1875

scolecite1875

uredospore1875

metuloid1879

operculum1879

uredo1879

aecidiospore1880

pycnidiospore1880

uredo-fruit1882

chlamydospore1884

teleutosorus1884

fruitcake1885

ascocarp1887

periplasm1887

pycnospore1887

pyrenocarp1887

macrostylospore1894

autobasidium1895

oidium1895

zygophore1904

aeciospore1905

aecium1905

pycniospore1905

teliospore1905

telium1905

uredinium1905

uredosorus1905

fruit-body1912

sporodochium1913

probasidium1916

fruiting body1918

pycnium1926

holobasidium1928

protoperithecium1937

uredium1937

1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §280 In Erysiphe the pycnidia appear frequently to arise from the transformation of one of the joints of the moniliform threads.

1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 225 Receptacles resembling perithecia..have been termed by Tulasne pycnidia [Ger. Pycniden], and the spores or gonidia formed in them stylospores.

1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 1066 Closed conidial fruits..are very common among the Ascomycetes, and have long been known under the name pycnidia.

1938 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. I. xii. 416 If the fertile layer lies in a cup- or flask-shaped cavity that is open from the beginning, the cavity and the surrounding tissue constitute a pycnidium.

1966 K. Tubaki in G. Ainsworth & A. Sussmann Fungi II. iv. 127 Simple or branched sporophores may line a hollow flask-shaped fruit body, the pycnidium.

2003 Physiol. & Molec. Plant Pathol. 62 334/1 Resistance was the result of production of compounds inhibiting fungal colonisation and pycnidium formation.

Derivatives

pycˈnidial adj. of or relating to a pycnidium; having pycnidia; of the nature of a pycnidium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [adjective] > of, bearing, or characterized by parts

umbonated1752

operculate1775

veiled1776

adnexed1821

pileate1828

sorediferous1829

umbonate1829

floccose1830

adglutinate1831

angiosporous1847

stylosporous1851

byssoid1857

mycelioid1857

sclerotioid1857

soredioid1857

pileiform1858

basidiosporous1859

pileated1859

sorediform1859

tigellular1860

tetradymous1866

tigellate1866

mycelial1867

xylostromatoid1871

hymenial1874

hyphal1875

aecidial1876

pycnidial1877

teleutosporic1880

sorediate1881

pollinodial1886

peridial1887

promycelial1887

mycelian1891

uredosporiferous1895

uredosporous1895

hemiangiocarpous1900

uredinial1900

periplasmic1901

hemiangiocarpic1902

wefted1902

zygophoric1904

aecial1905

pycnial1905

telial1905

sporodochial1913

holocarpic1916

uredinoid1929

uredial1937

monokaryotic1941

protoperithecial1948

parathecial1953

1877 Harper's New Monthly Mag. 54 778/1 By artificial culture he was able to watch the development of pycnidial spores of several species.

1923 Nature 21 Apr. 553/1 The hyphomycete stage [of Polythrincium Trifolii] is followed by a pycnidial stage.

2005 Molecular Ecol. 14 2686/2 Pycnidial density was measured as the number of pycnidia in a lesion per given area.

pycˈnidiophore n. rare a structure bearing pycnidia.

ΚΠ

1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour in tr. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi Explan. Terms 498/2 Pycnidiophore, compound sporophore bearing pycnidia.

1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk. Mycol. & Plant Pathol. xxxiv. 513 The pycnidia,..from the inner walls of which the pycnidiophores arise which abstrict off the..pycnidiospores (pycnospores).

1973 Bryologist 76 229 The branched and anastomosed pycnidiophores..appear to have short sterigmata that bud off bacilliform pycnidiospores.

pycˈnidiospore n. [compare French pycnospore (1878)] a conidium developed inside a pycnidium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts

capsule1693

perithecium1800

aecidium1821

hymenium1830

pseudoperidium1832

pseudoperithecium1832

disc1842

trichidium1842

spicule1843

sporophore1849

stylospore1851

pycnide1856

cyst1857

pycnidium1857

basidium1858

cystidium1858

basidiospore1859

conidium1861

pollinarium1861

gonosphere1865

hymenophorum1866

spicula1866

teleutospore1866

promycelium1867

gonosphaerium1873

hymenophore1874

paracyst1874

sterigma1874

pollinodium1875

scolecite1875

uredospore1875

metuloid1879

operculum1879

uredo1879

aecidiospore1880

pycnidiospore1880

uredo-fruit1882

chlamydospore1884

teleutosorus1884

fruitcake1885

ascocarp1887

periplasm1887

pycnospore1887

pyrenocarp1887

macrostylospore1894

autobasidium1895

oidium1895

zygophore1904

aeciospore1905

aecium1905

pycniospore1905

teliospore1905

telium1905

uredinium1905

uredosorus1905

fruit-body1912

sporodochium1913

probasidium1916

fruiting body1918

pycnium1926

holobasidium1928

protoperithecium1937

uredium1937

1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. xvii. 294 The cavities are called pycnidia, and the small bodies pycnidiospores.

1931 E. E. Hubert Outl. Forest Pathol. 230 The pycnidiospores are slightly curved or allantoid in shape. The pycnidia ripen successively so that spore production is continued over a long period of time.

1996 Mycologia 88 626 Pycnidiospores germinated on leaf surfaces within an hour and completed appressorium development within six hours.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pycnidium
释义	pycnidiumn. Brit. /pɪkˈnɪdɪəm/, U.S. /pɪkˈnɪdiəm/ Inflections: Plural pycnidia. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Or perhaps (iii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: pycnide n., English -ium; French pycnide, English -ium; Latin pycnidium. Etymology: Either < pycnide n. (or its etymon French pycnide) + -ium, after Latin nouns with this ending (e.g. gonidium n.; see -idium comb. form), or perhaps < scientific Latin pycnidium (attributed to L. R. Tulasne (1851) by Robert Dict. alphabétique et analogique (1986), though this use has not been traced) < ancient Greek πυκνός thick, dense (see pycno- comb. form) + scientific Latin -idium -idium comb. form. Mycology. In certain fungi (chiefly deuteromycetes): a flask-shaped or spherical fruiting body (conidioma) containing spore-bearing cells. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts capsule1693 perithecium1800 aecidium1821 hymenium1830 pseudoperidium1832 pseudoperithecium1832 disc1842 trichidium1842 spicule1843 sporophore1849 stylospore1851 pycnide1856 cyst1857 pycnidium1857 basidium1858 cystidium1858 basidiospore1859 conidium1861 pollinarium1861 gonosphere1865 hymenophorum1866 spicula1866 teleutospore1866 promycelium1867 gonosphaerium1873 hymenophore1874 paracyst1874 sterigma1874 pollinodium1875 scolecite1875 uredospore1875 metuloid1879 operculum1879 uredo1879 aecidiospore1880 pycnidiospore1880 uredo-fruit1882 chlamydospore1884 teleutosorus1884 fruitcake1885 ascocarp1887 periplasm1887 pycnospore1887 pyrenocarp1887 macrostylospore1894 autobasidium1895 oidium1895 zygophore1904 aeciospore1905 aecium1905 pycniospore1905 teliospore1905 telium1905 uredinium1905 uredosorus1905 fruit-body1912 sporodochium1913 probasidium1916 fruiting body1918 pycnium1926 holobasidium1928 protoperithecium1937 uredium1937 1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §280 In Erysiphe the pycnidia appear frequently to arise from the transformation of one of the joints of the moniliform threads. 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 225 Receptacles resembling perithecia..have been termed by Tulasne pycnidia [Ger. Pycniden], and the spores or gonidia formed in them stylospores. 1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 1066 Closed conidial fruits..are very common among the Ascomycetes, and have long been known under the name pycnidia. 1938 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. I. xii. 416 If the fertile layer lies in a cup- or flask-shaped cavity that is open from the beginning, the cavity and the surrounding tissue constitute a pycnidium. 1966 K. Tubaki in G. Ainsworth & A. Sussmann Fungi II. iv. 127 Simple or branched sporophores may line a hollow flask-shaped fruit body, the pycnidium. 2003 Physiol. & Molec. Plant Pathol. 62 334/1 Resistance was the result of production of compounds inhibiting fungal colonisation and pycnidium formation. Derivatives pycˈnidial adj. of or relating to a pycnidium; having pycnidia; of the nature of a pycnidium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [adjective] > of, bearing, or characterized by parts umbonated1752 operculate1775 veiled1776 adnexed1821 pileate1828 sorediferous1829 umbonate1829 floccose1830 adglutinate1831 angiosporous1847 stylosporous1851 byssoid1857 mycelioid1857 sclerotioid1857 soredioid1857 pileiform1858 basidiosporous1859 pileated1859 sorediform1859 tigellular1860 tetradymous1866 tigellate1866 mycelial1867 xylostromatoid1871 hymenial1874 hyphal1875 aecidial1876 pycnidial1877 teleutosporic1880 sorediate1881 pollinodial1886 peridial1887 promycelial1887 mycelian1891 uredosporiferous1895 uredosporous1895 hemiangiocarpous1900 uredinial1900 periplasmic1901 hemiangiocarpic1902 wefted1902 zygophoric1904 aecial1905 pycnial1905 telial1905 sporodochial1913 holocarpic1916 uredinoid1929 uredial1937 monokaryotic1941 protoperithecial1948 parathecial1953 1877 Harper's New Monthly Mag. 54 778/1 By artificial culture he was able to watch the development of pycnidial spores of several species. 1923 Nature 21 Apr. 553/1 The hyphomycete stage [of Polythrincium Trifolii] is followed by a pycnidial stage. 2005 Molecular Ecol. 14 2686/2 Pycnidial density was measured as the number of pycnidia in a lesion per given area. pycˈnidiophore n. rare a structure bearing pycnidia. ΚΠ 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour in tr. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi Explan. Terms 498/2 Pycnidiophore, compound sporophore bearing pycnidia. 1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk. Mycol. & Plant Pathol. xxxiv. 513 The pycnidia,..from the inner walls of which the pycnidiophores arise which abstrict off the..pycnidiospores (pycnospores). 1973 Bryologist 76 229 The branched and anastomosed pycnidiophores..appear to have short sterigmata that bud off bacilliform pycnidiospores. pycˈnidiospore n. [compare French pycnospore (1878)] a conidium developed inside a pycnidium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts capsule1693 perithecium1800 aecidium1821 hymenium1830 pseudoperidium1832 pseudoperithecium1832 disc1842 trichidium1842 spicule1843 sporophore1849 stylospore1851 pycnide1856 cyst1857 pycnidium1857 basidium1858 cystidium1858 basidiospore1859 conidium1861 pollinarium1861 gonosphere1865 hymenophorum1866 spicula1866 teleutospore1866 promycelium1867 gonosphaerium1873 hymenophore1874 paracyst1874 sterigma1874 pollinodium1875 scolecite1875 uredospore1875 metuloid1879 operculum1879 uredo1879 aecidiospore1880 pycnidiospore1880 uredo-fruit1882 chlamydospore1884 teleutosorus1884 fruitcake1885 ascocarp1887 periplasm1887 pycnospore1887 pyrenocarp1887 macrostylospore1894 autobasidium1895 oidium1895 zygophore1904 aeciospore1905 aecium1905 pycniospore1905 teliospore1905 telium1905 uredinium1905 uredosorus1905 fruit-body1912 sporodochium1913 probasidium1916 fruiting body1918 pycnium1926 holobasidium1928 protoperithecium1937 uredium1937 1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. xvii. 294 The cavities are called pycnidia, and the small bodies pycnidiospores. 1931 E. E. Hubert Outl. Forest Pathol. 230 The pycnidiospores are slightly curved or allantoid in shape. The pycnidia ripen successively so that spore production is continued over a long period of time. 1996 Mycologia 88 626 Pycnidiospores germinated on leaf surfaces within an hour and completed appressorium development within six hours. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1857
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