pyo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: Before a vowel py-.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin pyo-; Greek πυο-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pyo- (in e.g. pyuria pyuria n., pyogenia producing of pus, pyogenesis (1780 or earlier), pyogenesis : see pyogenesis n. , etc.) or its etymon ancient Greek πυο-, combining form (in e.g. πυορροεῖν to discharge pus: see pyorrhoea n.) of πύον pus, parallel form to πύος pus (see pus n.). Compare French pyo- (formations with which are found from the early 19th cent.).Attested earliest the second half of the 18th cent. in an adaptation from post-classical Latin (compare pyuria n.). Formations in English are found from the early 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek origin.

Medicine.

Forming terms with the sense ‘of, relating to, or containing pus’.

† pyocoelia n. Obsolete rare the presence of pus in the peritoneal cavity.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 652/2 Pyocœlia, pus in the abdominal cavity.

pyocyst n.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪə(ʊ)sɪst/

U.S.

/ˈpaɪəˌsɪst/

a cyst containing pus, esp. (in later use) in a polycystic kidney.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyocystis, term for a cyst of pus, especially in the lung; a vomica: a pyocyst.

1974 Urology 3 552 Renal salvage was accomplished by drainage of pyocysts.

1995 Dis.-a-Month 41 729 Urine cultures are unreliable because the source of the infection, the pyocyst, does not communicate with the urinary space.

pyodermia n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdəːmɪə/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪəˈdərmiə/

[ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek δέρμα skin (see derma n.) + -ia suffix¹] = pyoderma n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > other diseases or conditions

impetigo1398

deadingc1400

St Anthonyc1405

foulness1559

acrochordon1565

foulness1583

heat1597

bleach1601

Anthony's fire1609

desquamation1726

sivvens1762

erythema1778

rupia1813

morula1817

dermalgia1842

mycosis1846

cheloid1854

keloid1854

morule1857

kelis1864

dermatosis1866

epithelioma1872

vagabond's disease1876

vagabond's skin1876

dermatitis1877

erysipeloid1888

Ritter's disease1888

acanthosis nigricans1890

angiokeratoma1891

sunburn1891

porokeratosis1893

acrodermatitis1894

epidermolysis1894

keratolysis1895

dermographism1896

neurodermatitis1896

peau d'orange1896

X-ray dermatitis1897

dermatomyositis1899

papulo-erythema1899

pyodermia1899

tar acne1899

dermographia1900

radiodermatitis1903

poikiloderma1907

neurodermatosis1909

leishmanoid1922

razor burn1924

pyoderma1930

photodermatosis1931

photodermatitis1933

necrobiosis lipoidica1934

pyoderma gangrenosum1936

fassy1943

acrodermatitis enteropathica1945

chicken skin1946

nylon stocking dermatitis1947

Sézary('s) syndrome1953

pigskin1966

washerwoman's skin1981

strimmer rash1984

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 911 Certain other clinical forms of pyodermia have received special names.

1966 Ann. Paediatr. Fenn. 12 256 (title) Chronic moniliasis, pyodermia and impaired capacity to form gamma-M antibodies.

1993 Jrnl. Internal Med. 233 499 The patient presented with fever, polymucositis, incipient pyodermia, acute renal failure and pancytopenia.

pyodermic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdəːmɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪəˈdərmɪk/

of, relating to, or of the nature of pyoderma.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > other diseases or conditions

redeOE

impetiginous1650

discrete1684

skin-bound1784

rupial1834

erythematous1842

rupitic1863

sprayed1869

copaibal1874

papulosquamous1877

keloidal1888

papuloerythematous1899

pyodermic1899

toxidermic1899

maculopapular1902

cheloidal1908

pitting1926

poikilodermatous1936

erythemal1940

porokeratotic1943

Sézary1953

rhabditic1964

erythematic-

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 918 Impetiginous and other pyodermic disorders.

1936 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 33 813 Lane and Stroud pointed out that it is not unusual to note pyodermic infections in chronic diseases.

1995 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 171 607 The secretion of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin..is correlated with severe pyodermic infections.

† pyodiathesis n. Obsolete rare a predisposition to purulent infection.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyodiathesis,..term for a purulent diathesis.

† pyoedema n. Obsolete rare swelling caused by the accumulation of pus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyœdema, tumefaction of the surface owing to effusion of pus.

pyogenesis n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪəˈdʒɛnəsəs/

[compare post-classical Latin pyogenesis (1788 or earlier)] the formation of pus; suppuration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun]

festeringa1400

maturation?a1425

rankling?a1425

suppuration?a1425

whealingc1440

mattering?c1450

rancouring1567

suppurating1589

resolution1598

empyema1655

pyosis1684

pyogenesis1848

assimilation1864

1848 W. H. Walshe in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 116/1 The true doctrine of pyogenesis is a modification of that of ‘secretion’.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 55 Pyogenesis must not be confounded with inflammation.

1922 Lancet 7 Jan. 12/2 For the pain which attends pyogenesis hot moist applications are recommended.

2004 Internat. Immunopharmacol. 4 408/1 ABM extract..would not arouse aseptic pyogenesis.

pyogenetic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)dʒᵻˈnɛtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊdʒəˈnɛdɪk/

rare (now disused) = pyogenic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [adjective] > causing

suppurative?a1425

pyogenic1834

pyogenetic1858

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyogeneticus,..pyogenetic.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 86 Pyogenetic bacteria are as a rule present in varying numbers.

1925 Lancet 6 June 1211/1 I refer to certain common diseases in which the factor of pyogenetic microbic infection is prominent.

pyohaemia n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈhimiə/

(also pyohemia) [compare French pyohémie (1836)] now rare = pyaemia n.

ΚΠ

1840 Lancet 15 Aug. 744/2 Pyohæmia, or a purulent state or tendency of the blood, is a subject closely connected with hæmatitis.

1881 Lancet 1 Oct. 591/1 He gives as synonyms pyohæmia, purulent fever, and surgical typhus, and defines it as a poisoning of the blood.

1903 H. W. Cattell Post-mortem Pathol. 349 Purulent and Septicæmic Infection. Include: Pyohæmia; purulent absorption; putrid absorption; [etc.].

pyohaemic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈhimɪk/

(also pyohemic) rare = pyaemic adj.

ΚΠ

1872 Lancet 5 Oct. 493/2 Direct traumatic icterus and pyohaemic icterus do not imply any previous alteration of the liver.

1903 M. S. Gabriel tr. G. H. Roger Infectious Dis. 729 The patient that has pulmonary cavities and is suffering from hectic fever is a pyohemic rather than a bacillary sufferer.

pyohaemothorax n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)hiːməˈθɔːraks/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌhiməˈθɔˌræks/

(also pyohemothorax) rare the presence of pus and blood in the pleural cavity; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1889 Lancet 31 Aug. 427/2 (heading) Fulminating pyo-hæmothorax in an infant aged eight months.

1940 Lancet 4 May 833/2 The blood should be removed as completely as possible from the pleural cavity as a precaution against the development of a pyohaemothorax.

1980 Thrombosis Res. 18 70 Another case had leukemia with severe pyohemothorax.

pyolymph n.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪə(ʊ)lɪmf/

U.S.

/ˈpaɪəˌlɪmf/

rare (now disused) lymph mixed with pus or containing neutrophilic leukocytes.

ΚΠ

1879 W. R. Gowers Man. & Atlas Med. Ophthalmoscopy 320 The surface of the brain..was covered with a thick layer of pyo-lymph.

1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 301 If a scalpel is passed over the surface, it removes a little pyo-lymph.

1906 Lancet 4 Aug. 297/2 Thin pus bathed the whole of the contents [of the peritoneum], forming here and there sheets of pyo-lymph.

pyometra n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmiːtrə/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪəˈmitrə/

[ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek μήτρα womb (see metro- comb. form³); compare earlier hydrometra n., physometra n.] the accumulation of pus within the uterus; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 635/2 Pyometra, a collection of pus in the uterus.

1860 T. H. Tanner On Signs & Dis. Pregnancy iii. 181 The collection..of pus—pyometra—in the [uterus].

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 1 Feb. 247/2 Some of the other isolates, such as those..from the pyometra and from the urine, may have had a similar origin.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. c. 597 Only one of four bitches with closed-cervix pyometra was treated successfully.

pyonephritic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nᵻˈfrɪtɪk/

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nɛˈfrɪtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊnəˈfrɪdɪk/

rare affected with or characterized by pyonephritis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of kidneys > other kidney disorders

pyelitic1849

pyonephrotic1865

pyonephritic1876

hydronephrotic1881

nephrotic1928

anephric1944

hypernephromatous1946

1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. vi. 814 The cholesterine was traced to a pyonephritic cyst.

1918 H. H. Morton Genitourinary Diseases & Syphilis (ed. 4) xxxii. 515 A few cases [of pyonephrosis] not dependent on calculus or tuberculosis, where the pyonephritic sac was small in size and a good deal of kidney parenchyma remained are reported as cured by permanent drainage of the pelvis of the kidney.

pyonephritis n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nᵻˈfrʌɪtᵻs/

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nɛˈfrʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊnəˈfraɪdᵻs/

rare purulent infection of the kidney.

ΚΠ

1880 R. Bartholow Treat. Pract. Med. 477 The fluid in the sac is modified urine—it is pale..or yellowish and turbid from the presence of pus (pyonephritis).

1890 Cent. Dict. Pyonephritis, suppurative inflammation of the kidney.

1898 Lancet 16 Apr. 1038/1 A week later I had to remove the whole kidney on account of acute general pyonephritis.

2003 Hepatol. Res. 27 85/2 Xanthogranulomatous pyonephritis has also been seen in patients with either pyelonephrosis or chronic renal abscess.

pyopericardium n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)pɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌpɛrəˈkɑrdiəm/

(also †pyopericardia) the presence of pus in the pericardium; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > other heart disorders

regurgitation1683

pneumopericardium1821

concentric hypertrophy1828

hydropericardium1834

stenocardia1842

cardiosclerosis1848

pyopericardium1848

irritable heart1864

pyopneumopericardium1878

tobacco heart1884

akinesis1888

smoker's heart1888

pneumopericarditis1890

cardioptosis1895

soldier's heart1898

diver's palsy1900

cardiomyopathy1901

cigarette heart1908

neurocirculatory asthenia1918

Fallot1922

cor pulmonale1935

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome1935

fibroelastosis1943

restenosis1954

akinesia1970

stress cardiomyopathy2005

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyopericardia, pyopericardium, a collection of pus in the pericardium.

1875 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 June 781/2 Dr. Crisp exhibited a case of pyopericardium, where death had also resulted from pleuropneumonia.

1979 Trop. & Geogr. Med. 31 525 Staphylococcal pyopericardium is in a tropical environment probably commoner than realised.

1995 European Jrnl. Cardiothoracic Surg. 9 468 A case is reported of a 71-year-old woman who developed cardiac tamponade as a result of a pyopericardium.

† pyophthalmia n. [compare post-classical Latin pyophthalmia (1801 or earlier)] Obsolete rare the presence of pus in the eye; purulent infection of the eye.

ΚΠ

1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 322/1 Hypopyon, pyophthalmus.]

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyophthalmia, hyopoyon.

1855 P. H. Bird tr. E. Bouchut Pract. Treat. Dis. Children iii. 669 Of 454 children affected with pyophthalmia during 1836–9 Dr. Mildner states that twenty-nine lost their sight.

pyopneumopericardium n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)njuːmə(ʊ)pɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌn(j)umoʊˌpɛrəˈkɑrdiəm/

[after German Pyopneumo-Pericardium (1878 in the source translated in quot. 1878)] the presence of pus and air or gas in the pericardium; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > other heart disorders

regurgitation1683

pneumopericardium1821

concentric hypertrophy1828

hydropericardium1834

stenocardia1842

cardiosclerosis1848

pyopericardium1848

irritable heart1864

pyopneumopericardium1878

tobacco heart1884

akinesis1888

smoker's heart1888

pneumopericarditis1890

cardioptosis1895

soldier's heart1898

diver's palsy1900

cardiomyopathy1901

cigarette heart1908

neurocirculatory asthenia1918

Fallot1922

cor pulmonale1935

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome1935

fibroelastosis1943

restenosis1954

akinesia1970

stress cardiomyopathy2005

1878 tr. F. A. von Zenker & H. W. von Ziemssen in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. VIII. 124 Pyopneumo-pericardium..has thus far been observed only a few times.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 214 In a few recorded cases a pulmonary cavity has perforated the pericardium and produced pyopneumopericardium.

1995 Canad. Jrnl. Cardiol. 11 232 While the immediate treatment of tension pyopneumopericardium is usually successful, postoperative mortality remains elevated.

pyopneumothorax n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)njuːmə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌn(j)umoʊˈθɔˌræks/

[compare post-classical Latin pyopneumothorax (1863 in a work title)] the presence of pus and air or gas in the pleural cavity; an instance of this; = pneumopyothorax n. at pneumo- comb. form 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > other lung disorders

empyemaa1398

emphysema?1587

empyem1597

rising of the lights1630

pleurocele1706

pneumopleuritis1718

pneumonitis1817

pneumothorax1821

pneumatothorax1823

hepatization1834

mediastinitis1842

pleurobronchitis1843

pyothorax1846

splenization1849

pleuropericarditis1852

splenification1859

pneumocele1860

pyopneumothorax1867

pneumatocele1885

pneumolith1890

cavitation1909

Pancoast's syndrome1936

Pancoast's tumour1941

hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome)1953

1867 C. G. Raue Special Pathol. & Diagnostics 199 Pneumothorax..is called, according to the coexisting fluid, either pyo, or hæmo, or hydro-pneumothorax.

1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1033 The right side of the chest gave the physical signs of a pyopneumothorax.

1998 Eur. Respir. Jrnl. 11 243 We report the case of a patient who presented..4 yrs after treatment for a pyopneumothorax caused by rupture of a pulmonary cyst near the pleural space.

† pyoptysis n. [ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek πτύσις spitting (see haemoptysis n.); compare earlier haemoptysis n.] Obsolete rare expectoration of pus.

ΚΠ

1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 720/1 Pyoptysis.

1862 T. K. Chambers Renewal Life xii. 180 A patient of mine, over fifty, with copious Pyoptysis and condensed lungs (probably tubercular) from his youth.

pyosalpinx n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈsalpɪŋks/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈsælˌpɪŋ(k)s/

[after German Pyosalpinx (1874 in the passage translated in quot. 1875)] the accumulation of pus in the Fallopian tube; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1875 tr. K. Schroeder in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. X. 345 The accumulation of pus in the tube—pyosalpinx [Ger. Pyosalpinx]—may even lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xvii. 214 Infection may pass to the ovaries and peritoneum by the Fallopian tubes, where salpingitis or pyosalpinx may be produced.

1991 Genitourinary Med. 67 485 Gonococcal antibodies were present in 54% of women with no evidence of clinical infection, compared with 91% of those with pyosalpinx.

pyosepticaemia n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)sɛptᵻˈsiːmɪə/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌsɛptəˈsimiə/

(also pyosepticemia) pyaemia with septicaemia; septicaemia caused by pyogenic bacteria; (Veterinary Medicine) joint-ill in foals.

ΚΠ

1884 Lancet 12 July 70/2 Beltzow..has examined five cases of pyæmia and one of pyo~septicæmia, with a view to clearing up the nature of the germs associated with these diseases.

1932 L. van Es Princ. Animal Hygiene xx. 387 Joint-ill, or pyosepticemia, is an infectious disease peculiar to the new-born and early juvenile phases of life.

1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 586/2 Out of 39 dead foals submitted..for post-mortem examination, pyosepticæmia had caused the death of 13 of them.

2004 Jrnl. Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surg. 128 641/2 The diagnosis of pleural empyema and pyosepticemia was made.

pyosepticaemic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)sɛptᵻˈsiːmɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˌsɛptəˈsimɪk/

(also pyosepticemic) rare affected with or characterized by pyosepticaemia.

ΚΠ

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 132 Other symptoms significant of a general pyosepticæmic infection of the system are present.

1905 J. G. Sheldon Indications Operative Treatm. 165 If the abscess is of the pyosepticemic variety,..surgery will doubtless be indicated but recovery usually not expected.

pyothorax n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈθɔˌræks/

[compare post-classical Latin pyothorax (1829 or earlier)] the presence of pus in the pleural cavity; an instance of this; = empyema n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > other lung disorders

empyemaa1398

emphysema?1587

empyem1597

rising of the lights1630

pleurocele1706

pneumopleuritis1718

pneumonitis1817

pneumothorax1821

pneumatothorax1823

hepatization1834

mediastinitis1842

pleurobronchitis1843

pyothorax1846

splenization1849

pleuropericarditis1852

splenification1859

pneumocele1860

pyopneumothorax1867

pneumatocele1885

pneumolith1890

cavitation1909

Pancoast's syndrome1936

Pancoast's tumour1941

hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome)1953

1846 Lancet 5 Dec. 606/2 Thirty-one of the whole number were pyothorax, twenty-six cured.

1955 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 89 361/2 Hemothorax, pyothorax or hydrothorax further complicate the situation that must be managed.

2006 Internat. Jrnl. Cancer 118 2782 Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which develops in the pleural cavity of patients who have had pyothorax for over 20 years.

pyoxanthin n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈzanθ(ᵻ)n/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈzænθ(ə)n/

[after French pyoxanthine (M. J. Fordos, 1863 or earlier)] Biochemistry rare (now disused) = pyoxanthose n.

ΚΠ

1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 40 Minute yellow crystals of pyoxanthin.

1906 D. H. Udall tr. E. Fröhner Gen. Surg. 26 Through the decomposition of albumen they produce a blue and yellowish-green coloring material (pyocyanin, pyoxanthin) similar to the bacilli of blue milk.

pyoxanthose n.

Brit.

/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈzanθəʊs/

U.S.

/ˌpaɪoʊˈzænˌθoʊs/

/ˌpaɪoʊˈzænˌθoʊz/

/ˌpaɪɑkˈsænˌθoʊs/

[after French pyoxanthose (M. J. Fordos 1863, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 56 1130] Biochemistry (now rare) a yellow pigment resulting from the oxidation of pyocyanin.

ΚΠ

1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 752 After the separation of the pyocyanin, the chloroform retains in solution a yellow substance called pyoxanthose.

1884 T. C. Charles Elem. Physiol. & Pathol. Chem. 287 A yellow pigment (pyoxanthose) remains in the chloroform.

1911 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 347 From such pus Fordos and Lücke have isolated a crystalline blue pigment, pyocyanin, and a yellow pigment, pyoxanthose, which is produced from the first by oxidation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pyo-
释义	pyo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: Before a vowel py-. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin pyo-; Greek πυο-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pyo- (in e.g. pyuria pyuria n., pyogenia producing of pus, pyogenesis (1780 or earlier), pyogenesis : see pyogenesis n. , etc.) or its etymon ancient Greek πυο-, combining form (in e.g. πυορροεῖν to discharge pus: see pyorrhoea n.) of πύον pus, parallel form to πύος pus (see pus n.). Compare French pyo- (formations with which are found from the early 19th cent.).Attested earliest the second half of the 18th cent. in an adaptation from post-classical Latin (compare pyuria n.). Formations in English are found from the early 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek origin. Medicine. Forming terms with the sense ‘of, relating to, or containing pus’. † pyocoelia n. Obsolete rare the presence of pus in the peritoneal cavity.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 652/2 Pyocœlia, pus in the abdominal cavity. pyocyst n. Brit. /ˈpʌɪə(ʊ)sɪst/ , U.S. /ˈpaɪəˌsɪst/ a cyst containing pus, esp. (in later use) in a polycystic kidney. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyocystis, term for a cyst of pus, especially in the lung; a vomica: a pyocyst. 1974 Urology 3 552 Renal salvage was accomplished by drainage of pyocysts. 1995 Dis.-a-Month 41 729 Urine cultures are unreliable because the source of the infection, the pyocyst, does not communicate with the urinary space. pyodermia n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdəːmɪə/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪəˈdərmiə/ [ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek δέρμα skin (see derma n.) + -ia suffix¹] = pyoderma n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > other diseases or conditions impetigo1398 deadingc1400 St Anthonyc1405 foulness1559 acrochordon1565 foulness1583 heat1597 bleach1601 Anthony's fire1609 desquamation1726 sivvens1762 erythema1778 rupia1813 morula1817 dermalgia1842 mycosis1846 cheloid1854 keloid1854 morule1857 kelis1864 dermatosis1866 epithelioma1872 vagabond's disease1876 vagabond's skin1876 dermatitis1877 erysipeloid1888 Ritter's disease1888 acanthosis nigricans1890 angiokeratoma1891 sunburn1891 porokeratosis1893 acrodermatitis1894 epidermolysis1894 keratolysis1895 dermographism1896 neurodermatitis1896 peau d'orange1896 X-ray dermatitis1897 dermatomyositis1899 papulo-erythema1899 pyodermia1899 tar acne1899 dermographia1900 radiodermatitis1903 poikiloderma1907 neurodermatosis1909 leishmanoid1922 razor burn1924 pyoderma1930 photodermatosis1931 photodermatitis1933 necrobiosis lipoidica1934 pyoderma gangrenosum1936 fassy1943 acrodermatitis enteropathica1945 chicken skin1946 nylon stocking dermatitis1947 Sézary('s) syndrome1953 pigskin1966 washerwoman's skin1981 strimmer rash1984 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 911 Certain other clinical forms of pyodermia have received special names. 1966 Ann. Paediatr. Fenn. 12 256 (title) Chronic moniliasis, pyodermia and impaired capacity to form gamma-M antibodies. 1993 Jrnl. Internal Med. 233 499 The patient presented with fever, polymucositis, incipient pyodermia, acute renal failure and pancytopenia. pyodermic adj. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdəːmɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪəˈdərmɪk/ of, relating to, or of the nature of pyoderma. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > other diseases or conditions redeOE impetiginous1650 discrete1684 skin-bound1784 rupial1834 erythematous1842 rupitic1863 sprayed1869 copaibal1874 papulosquamous1877 keloidal1888 papuloerythematous1899 pyodermic1899 toxidermic1899 maculopapular1902 cheloidal1908 pitting1926 poikilodermatous1936 erythemal1940 porokeratotic1943 Sézary1953 rhabditic1964 erythematic- 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 918 Impetiginous and other pyodermic disorders. 1936 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 33 813 Lane and Stroud pointed out that it is not unusual to note pyodermic infections in chronic diseases. 1995 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 171 607 The secretion of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin..is correlated with severe pyodermic infections. † pyodiathesis n. Obsolete rare a predisposition to purulent infection.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyodiathesis,..term for a purulent diathesis. † pyoedema n. Obsolete rare swelling caused by the accumulation of pus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyœdema, tumefaction of the surface owing to effusion of pus. pyogenesis n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪəˈdʒɛnəsəs/ [compare post-classical Latin pyogenesis (1788 or earlier)] the formation of pus; suppuration. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] festeringa1400 maturation?a1425 rankling?a1425 suppuration?a1425 whealingc1440 mattering?c1450 rancouring1567 suppurating1589 resolution1598 empyema1655 pyosis1684 pyogenesis1848 assimilation1864 1848 W. H. Walshe in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 116/1 The true doctrine of pyogenesis is a modification of that of ‘secretion’. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 55 Pyogenesis must not be confounded with inflammation. 1922 Lancet 7 Jan. 12/2 For the pain which attends pyogenesis hot moist applications are recommended. 2004 Internat. Immunopharmacol. 4 408/1 ABM extract..would not arouse aseptic pyogenesis. pyogenetic adj. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)dʒᵻˈnɛtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊdʒəˈnɛdɪk/ rare (now disused) = pyogenic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [adjective] > causing suppurative?a1425 pyogenic1834 pyogenetic1858 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1049/1 Pyogeneticus,..pyogenetic. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 86 Pyogenetic bacteria are as a rule present in varying numbers. 1925 Lancet 6 June 1211/1 I refer to certain common diseases in which the factor of pyogenetic microbic infection is prominent. pyohaemia n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈhimiə/ (also pyohemia) [compare French pyohémie (1836)] now rare = pyaemia n. ΚΠ 1840 Lancet 15 Aug. 744/2 Pyohæmia, or a purulent state or tendency of the blood, is a subject closely connected with hæmatitis. 1881 Lancet 1 Oct. 591/1 He gives as synonyms pyohæmia, purulent fever, and surgical typhus, and defines it as a poisoning of the blood. 1903 H. W. Cattell Post-mortem Pathol. 349 Purulent and Septicæmic Infection. Include: Pyohæmia; purulent absorption; putrid absorption; [etc.]. pyohaemic adj. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈhimɪk/ (also pyohemic) rare = pyaemic adj. ΚΠ 1872 Lancet 5 Oct. 493/2 Direct traumatic icterus and pyohaemic icterus do not imply any previous alteration of the liver. 1903 M. S. Gabriel tr. G. H. Roger Infectious Dis. 729 The patient that has pulmonary cavities and is suffering from hectic fever is a pyohemic rather than a bacillary sufferer. pyohaemothorax n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)hiːməˈθɔːraks/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌhiməˈθɔˌræks/ (also pyohemothorax) rare the presence of pus and blood in the pleural cavity; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1889 Lancet 31 Aug. 427/2 (heading) Fulminating pyo-hæmothorax in an infant aged eight months. 1940 Lancet 4 May 833/2 The blood should be removed as completely as possible from the pleural cavity as a precaution against the development of a pyohaemothorax. 1980 Thrombosis Res. 18 70 Another case had leukemia with severe pyohemothorax. pyolymph n. Brit. /ˈpʌɪə(ʊ)lɪmf/ , U.S. /ˈpaɪəˌlɪmf/ rare (now disused) lymph mixed with pus or containing neutrophilic leukocytes. ΚΠ 1879 W. R. Gowers Man. & Atlas Med. Ophthalmoscopy 320 The surface of the brain..was covered with a thick layer of pyo-lymph. 1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 301 If a scalpel is passed over the surface, it removes a little pyo-lymph. 1906 Lancet 4 Aug. 297/2 Thin pus bathed the whole of the contents [of the peritoneum], forming here and there sheets of pyo-lymph. pyometra n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmiːtrə/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪəˈmitrə/ [ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek μήτρα womb (see metro- comb. form³); compare earlier hydrometra n., physometra n.] the accumulation of pus within the uterus; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 635/2 Pyometra, a collection of pus in the uterus. 1860 T. H. Tanner On Signs & Dis. Pregnancy iii. 181 The collection..of pus—pyometra—in the [uterus]. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 1 Feb. 247/2 Some of the other isolates, such as those..from the pyometra and from the urine, may have had a similar origin. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. c. 597 Only one of four bitches with closed-cervix pyometra was treated successfully. pyonephritic adj. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nᵻˈfrɪtɪk/ , /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nɛˈfrɪtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊnəˈfrɪdɪk/ rare affected with or characterized by pyonephritis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of kidneys > other kidney disorders pyelitic1849 pyonephrotic1865 pyonephritic1876 hydronephrotic1881 nephrotic1928 anephric1944 hypernephromatous1946 1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. vi. 814 The cholesterine was traced to a pyonephritic cyst. 1918 H. H. Morton Genitourinary Diseases & Syphilis (ed. 4) xxxii. 515 A few cases [of pyonephrosis] not dependent on calculus or tuberculosis, where the pyonephritic sac was small in size and a good deal of kidney parenchyma remained are reported as cured by permanent drainage of the pelvis of the kidney. pyonephritis n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nᵻˈfrʌɪtᵻs/ , /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)nɛˈfrʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊnəˈfraɪdᵻs/ rare purulent infection of the kidney. ΚΠ 1880 R. Bartholow Treat. Pract. Med. 477 The fluid in the sac is modified urine—it is pale..or yellowish and turbid from the presence of pus (pyonephritis). 1890 Cent. Dict. Pyonephritis, suppurative inflammation of the kidney. 1898 Lancet 16 Apr. 1038/1 A week later I had to remove the whole kidney on account of acute general pyonephritis. 2003 Hepatol. Res. 27 85/2 Xanthogranulomatous pyonephritis has also been seen in patients with either pyelonephrosis or chronic renal abscess. pyopericardium n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)pɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌpɛrəˈkɑrdiəm/ (also †pyopericardia) the presence of pus in the pericardium; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > other heart disorders regurgitation1683 pneumopericardium1821 concentric hypertrophy1828 hydropericardium1834 stenocardia1842 cardiosclerosis1848 pyopericardium1848 irritable heart1864 pyopneumopericardium1878 tobacco heart1884 akinesis1888 smoker's heart1888 pneumopericarditis1890 cardioptosis1895 soldier's heart1898 diver's palsy1900 cardiomyopathy1901 cigarette heart1908 neurocirculatory asthenia1918 Fallot1922 cor pulmonale1935 Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome1935 fibroelastosis1943 restenosis1954 akinesia1970 stress cardiomyopathy2005 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyopericardia, pyopericardium, a collection of pus in the pericardium. 1875 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 June 781/2 Dr. Crisp exhibited a case of pyopericardium, where death had also resulted from pleuropneumonia. 1979 Trop. & Geogr. Med. 31 525 Staphylococcal pyopericardium is in a tropical environment probably commoner than realised. 1995 European Jrnl. Cardiothoracic Surg. 9 468 A case is reported of a 71-year-old woman who developed cardiac tamponade as a result of a pyopericardium. † pyophthalmia n. [compare post-classical Latin pyophthalmia (1801 or earlier)] Obsolete rare the presence of pus in the eye; purulent infection of the eye. ΚΠ 1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 322/1 Hypopyon, pyophthalmus.] 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 720/1 Pyophthalmia, hyopoyon. 1855 P. H. Bird tr. E. Bouchut Pract. Treat. Dis. Children iii. 669 Of 454 children affected with pyophthalmia during 1836–9 Dr. Mildner states that twenty-nine lost their sight. pyopneumopericardium n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)njuːmə(ʊ)pɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌn(j)umoʊˌpɛrəˈkɑrdiəm/ [after German Pyopneumo-Pericardium (1878 in the source translated in quot. 1878)] the presence of pus and air or gas in the pericardium; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > other heart disorders regurgitation1683 pneumopericardium1821 concentric hypertrophy1828 hydropericardium1834 stenocardia1842 cardiosclerosis1848 pyopericardium1848 irritable heart1864 pyopneumopericardium1878 tobacco heart1884 akinesis1888 smoker's heart1888 pneumopericarditis1890 cardioptosis1895 soldier's heart1898 diver's palsy1900 cardiomyopathy1901 cigarette heart1908 neurocirculatory asthenia1918 Fallot1922 cor pulmonale1935 Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome1935 fibroelastosis1943 restenosis1954 akinesia1970 stress cardiomyopathy2005 1878 tr. F. A. von Zenker & H. W. von Ziemssen in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. VIII. 124 Pyopneumo-pericardium..has thus far been observed only a few times. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 214 In a few recorded cases a pulmonary cavity has perforated the pericardium and produced pyopneumopericardium. 1995 Canad. Jrnl. Cardiol. 11 232 While the immediate treatment of tension pyopneumopericardium is usually successful, postoperative mortality remains elevated. pyopneumothorax n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)njuːmə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌn(j)umoʊˈθɔˌræks/ [compare post-classical Latin pyopneumothorax (1863 in a work title)] the presence of pus and air or gas in the pleural cavity; an instance of this; = pneumopyothorax n. at pneumo- comb. form 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > other lung disorders empyemaa1398 emphysema?1587 empyem1597 rising of the lights1630 pleurocele1706 pneumopleuritis1718 pneumonitis1817 pneumothorax1821 pneumatothorax1823 hepatization1834 mediastinitis1842 pleurobronchitis1843 pyothorax1846 splenization1849 pleuropericarditis1852 splenification1859 pneumocele1860 pyopneumothorax1867 pneumatocele1885 pneumolith1890 cavitation1909 Pancoast's syndrome1936 Pancoast's tumour1941 hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome)1953 1867 C. G. Raue Special Pathol. & Diagnostics 199 Pneumothorax..is called, according to the coexisting fluid, either pyo, or hæmo, or hydro-pneumothorax. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1033 The right side of the chest gave the physical signs of a pyopneumothorax. 1998 Eur. Respir. Jrnl. 11 243 We report the case of a patient who presented..4 yrs after treatment for a pyopneumothorax caused by rupture of a pulmonary cyst near the pleural space. † pyoptysis n. [ < pyo- comb. form + ancient Greek πτύσις spitting (see haemoptysis n.); compare earlier haemoptysis n.] Obsolete rare expectoration of pus. ΚΠ 1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 720/1 Pyoptysis. 1862 T. K. Chambers Renewal Life xii. 180 A patient of mine, over fifty, with copious Pyoptysis and condensed lungs (probably tubercular) from his youth. pyosalpinx n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈsalpɪŋks/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈsælˌpɪŋ(k)s/ [after German Pyosalpinx (1874 in the passage translated in quot. 1875)] the accumulation of pus in the Fallopian tube; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1875 tr. K. Schroeder in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. X. 345 The accumulation of pus in the tube—pyosalpinx [Ger. Pyosalpinx]—may even lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xvii. 214 Infection may pass to the ovaries and peritoneum by the Fallopian tubes, where salpingitis or pyosalpinx may be produced. 1991 Genitourinary Med. 67 485 Gonococcal antibodies were present in 54% of women with no evidence of clinical infection, compared with 91% of those with pyosalpinx. pyosepticaemia n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)sɛptᵻˈsiːmɪə/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌsɛptəˈsimiə/ (also pyosepticemia) pyaemia with septicaemia; septicaemia caused by pyogenic bacteria; (Veterinary Medicine) joint-ill in foals. ΚΠ 1884 Lancet 12 July 70/2 Beltzow..has examined five cases of pyæmia and one of pyo~septicæmia, with a view to clearing up the nature of the germs associated with these diseases. 1932 L. van Es Princ. Animal Hygiene xx. 387 Joint-ill, or pyosepticemia, is an infectious disease peculiar to the new-born and early juvenile phases of life. 1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 586/2 Out of 39 dead foals submitted..for post-mortem examination, pyosepticæmia had caused the death of 13 of them. 2004 Jrnl. Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surg. 128 641/2 The diagnosis of pleural empyema and pyosepticemia was made. pyosepticaemic adj. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)sɛptᵻˈsiːmɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˌsɛptəˈsimɪk/ (also pyosepticemic) rare affected with or characterized by pyosepticaemia. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 132 Other symptoms significant of a general pyosepticæmic infection of the system are present. 1905 J. G. Sheldon Indications Operative Treatm. 165 If the abscess is of the pyosepticemic variety,..surgery will doubtless be indicated but recovery usually not expected. pyothorax n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈθɔˌræks/ [compare post-classical Latin pyothorax (1829 or earlier)] the presence of pus in the pleural cavity; an instance of this; = empyema n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > other lung disorders empyemaa1398 emphysema?1587 empyem1597 rising of the lights1630 pleurocele1706 pneumopleuritis1718 pneumonitis1817 pneumothorax1821 pneumatothorax1823 hepatization1834 mediastinitis1842 pleurobronchitis1843 pyothorax1846 splenization1849 pleuropericarditis1852 splenification1859 pneumocele1860 pyopneumothorax1867 pneumatocele1885 pneumolith1890 cavitation1909 Pancoast's syndrome1936 Pancoast's tumour1941 hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome)1953 1846 Lancet 5 Dec. 606/2 Thirty-one of the whole number were pyothorax, twenty-six cured. 1955 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 89 361/2 Hemothorax, pyothorax or hydrothorax further complicate the situation that must be managed. 2006 Internat. Jrnl. Cancer 118 2782 Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which develops in the pleural cavity of patients who have had pyothorax for over 20 years. pyoxanthin n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈzanθ(ᵻ)n/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈzænθ(ə)n/ [after French pyoxanthine (M. J. Fordos, 1863 or earlier)] Biochemistry rare (now disused) = pyoxanthose n. ΚΠ 1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 40 Minute yellow crystals of pyoxanthin. 1906 D. H. Udall tr. E. Fröhner Gen. Surg. 26 Through the decomposition of albumen they produce a blue and yellowish-green coloring material (pyocyanin, pyoxanthin) similar to the bacilli of blue milk. pyoxanthose n. Brit. /ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈzanθəʊs/ , U.S. /ˌpaɪoʊˈzænˌθoʊs/ , /ˌpaɪoʊˈzænˌθoʊz/ , /ˌpaɪɑkˈsænˌθoʊs/ [after French pyoxanthose (M. J. Fordos 1863, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 56 1130] Biochemistry (now rare) a yellow pigment resulting from the oxidation of pyocyanin. ΚΠ 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 752 After the separation of the pyocyanin, the chloroform retains in solution a yellow substance called pyoxanthose. 1884 T. C. Charles Elem. Physiol. & Pathol. Chem. 287 A yellow pigment (pyoxanthose) remains in the chloroform. 1911 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 347 From such pus Fordos and Lücke have isolated a crystalline blue pigment, pyocyanin, and a yellow pigment, pyoxanthose, which is produced from the first by oxidation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1839
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