† quelmv.

Forms: Old English cuelman, Old English cwaelman (Mercian), Old English cwælman (Anglian), Old English cwelman, Old English cwelmian, Old English cwielman, Old English cwilman, Old English cwilmian, Old English cwylman, Old English cwylmian, Old English cwylmman, late Old English cwelmman, late Old English quulman, early Middle English cwylme, Middle English quelme, Middle English wrelme (transmission error).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon quelman to kill < the Germanic base of qualm n.¹In Old English originally a weak Class I verb cwylman ; however, a weak Class II by-form cwylmian is also attested. In Old English the prefixed forms gecwylman , gecwylmian to kill, slaughter (compare y- prefix), are also found. Compare also acwylman to kill, slaughter, acwylmian to be tormented, suffer (compare a- prefix¹ ), tōcwylman to torment (compare to- prefix²).

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To torment; to kill, destroy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]

quelmeOE

eatc1000

martyrOE

fretc1175

woundc1175

to-fret?c1225

gnawc1230

to-traya1250

torment1297

renda1333

anguish1340

grindc1350

wringc1374

debreakc1384

ofpinec1390

rivea1400

urn1488

reboil1528

whip1530

cruciate1532

pinch1548

spur-galla1555

agonize1570

rack1576

cut1582

excruciate1590

scorchc1595

discruciate1596

butcher1597

split1597

torture1598

lacerate1600

harrow1603

hell1614

to eat upa1616

arrow1628

martyrize1652

percruciate1656

tear1666

crucify1702

flay1782

wrench1798

kill1800

to cut up1843

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxxvi. 13 (14) Gladium euaginauerunt peccatores tetenderunt arcum suum..ut trucident rectos corde : sweord gebrugdun ða synfullan ðenedon bogan his..ðæt hie cwaelmen ða rehtheortan.

OE Blickling Homilies 63 Iudas nu is cwylmed mid deoflum on þæm ecum witum.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Drihten..ðu ȝeðafodest þissæn unlædan þet heo ðæsne licame on hire life swiðe cwylmdon & berndon þurh an word, þet heo þine halȝa nome forewitegode.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxvi. 15 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 168 He bent his bowe..þat he..quelme rightwis of hert.

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 22451 (MED) A dint opon him þar to wrelme [perh. read quelme] He smate þoru armurs with þe helme.

2. intransitive. To be tormented; to suffer.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxiii. 368 Mid micelre geornfulnysse gewilniað ða wiðercoran þæt hi moston of þære susle þe hi on cwylmiað.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 374 Ac þyllice sceandas sceolan siðian to helle, þær hi æfre cwylmiað on þam cwealmbærum fyre and on egeslicum witum, for heora gewitleaste.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 70 Þe wælȝa rice..walde þa habban Lazarum þone þearfæn..þet he mid his fingræ hure his tunga drypte for þan ormete bryne þe he on cwylmode.

Derivatives

quelmer n. a killer, a murderer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killer > [noun]

baneOE

quelmerOE

quellerOE

murderer1340

slaughtermana1350

slayerc1380

killer1535

dispatcher1549

executioner1597

slaughterer?1611

widowmakera1616

mactator1656

zapper1969

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Bodl. 342) xxvii. 247 Hi wæron æðelborenne [read æðelborene] for worulde, & wurdon to ðam hæðenan cwelmere [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 cwellere, lOE Vesp.D.xiv cwelmere] gewrehte for heora cristendome.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 709 Quelmers of chyldren..These were the comons came thedyr that day.

quelming n. [compare Old Saxon quelmiunga torment] torment, suffering; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxviii. 517 Min þrowung geendað, on anum dæge oððe on twam oððe be þam mæstan on þrim; soðlice þin cwylming ne mæg binnon þusend geara to ende gecuman.

OE Ælfric Homily: Sermo de Die Iudicii (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 606 Man acwealde þa Cristenan mid mislicum cwylmingum, and mid menigfealdum tintregum hi gemartyrode.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 70 Him com þa to ȝemynde his ȝebroðræ on life; wolde þa god wyrcan & heom warniȝæn þæt heo ðider ne comen to þare cwylmynȝe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	quelm
释义	† quelmv. Forms: Old English cuelman, Old English cwaelman (Mercian), Old English cwælman (Anglian), Old English cwelman, Old English cwelmian, Old English cwielman, Old English cwilman, Old English cwilmian, Old English cwylman, Old English cwylmian, Old English cwylmman, late Old English cwelmman, late Old English quulman, early Middle English cwylme, Middle English quelme, Middle English wrelme (transmission error). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon quelman to kill < the Germanic base of qualm n.¹In Old English originally a weak Class I verb cwylman ; however, a weak Class II by-form cwylmian is also attested. In Old English the prefixed forms gecwylman , gecwylmian to kill, slaughter (compare y- prefix), are also found. Compare also acwylman to kill, slaughter, acwylmian to be tormented, suffer (compare a- prefix¹ ), tōcwylman to torment (compare to- prefix²). Obsolete. 1. transitive. To torment; to kill, destroy. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)] quelmeOE eatc1000 martyrOE fretc1175 woundc1175 to-fret?c1225 gnawc1230 to-traya1250 torment1297 renda1333 anguish1340 grindc1350 wringc1374 debreakc1384 ofpinec1390 rivea1400 urn1488 reboil1528 whip1530 cruciate1532 pinch1548 spur-galla1555 agonize1570 rack1576 cut1582 excruciate1590 scorchc1595 discruciate1596 butcher1597 split1597 torture1598 lacerate1600 harrow1603 hell1614 to eat upa1616 arrow1628 martyrize1652 percruciate1656 tear1666 crucify1702 flay1782 wrench1798 kill1800 to cut up1843 eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxxvi. 13 (14) Gladium euaginauerunt peccatores tetenderunt arcum suum..ut trucident rectos corde : sweord gebrugdun ða synfullan ðenedon bogan his..ðæt hie cwaelmen ða rehtheortan. OE Blickling Homilies 63 Iudas nu is cwylmed mid deoflum on þæm ecum witum. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Drihten..ðu ȝeðafodest þissæn unlædan þet heo ðæsne licame on hire life swiðe cwylmdon & berndon þurh an word, þet heo þine halȝa nome forewitegode. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxvi. 15 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 168 He bent his bowe..þat he..quelme rightwis of hert. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 22451 (MED) A dint opon him þar to wrelme [perh. read quelme] He smate þoru armurs with þe helme. 2. intransitive. To be tormented; to suffer. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxiii. 368 Mid micelre geornfulnysse gewilniað ða wiðercoran þæt hi moston of þære susle þe hi on cwylmiað. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 374 Ac þyllice sceandas sceolan siðian to helle, þær hi æfre cwylmiað on þam cwealmbærum fyre and on egeslicum witum, for heora gewitleaste. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 70 Þe wælȝa rice..walde þa habban Lazarum þone þearfæn..þet he mid his fingræ hure his tunga drypte for þan ormete bryne þe he on cwylmode. Derivatives quelmer n. a killer, a murderer. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killer > [noun] baneOE quelmerOE quellerOE murderer1340 slaughtermana1350 slayerc1380 killer1535 dispatcher1549 executioner1597 slaughterer?1611 widowmakera1616 mactator1656 zapper1969 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Bodl. 342) xxvii. 247 Hi wæron æðelborenne [read æðelborene] for worulde, & wurdon to ðam hæðenan cwelmere [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 cwellere, lOE Vesp.D.xiv cwelmere] gewrehte for heora cristendome. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 709 Quelmers of chyldren..These were the comons came thedyr that day. quelming n. [compare Old Saxon quelmiunga torment] torment, suffering; an instance of this. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxviii. 517 Min þrowung geendað, on anum dæge oððe on twam oððe be þam mæstan on þrim; soðlice þin cwylming ne mæg binnon þusend geara to ende gecuman. OE Ælfric Homily: Sermo de Die Iudicii (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 606 Man acwealde þa Cristenan mid mislicum cwylmingum, and mid menigfealdum tintregum hi gemartyrode. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 70 Him com þa to ȝemynde his ȝebroðræ on life; wolde þa god wyrcan & heom warniȝæn þæt heo ðider ne comen to þare cwylmynȝe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.eOE
随便看	bourding bops bor bor- bor-ethyl bor-methyl bora borable boraces borachio borachios boracic boracic acid boracic lint boracite boracites boracium borage borage-seed borage-water borage-wort borages borageseed boragewater boragewort