rabiesn.

Brit.

/ˈreɪbiːz/,

/ˈreɪbɪz/, U.S.

/ˈreɪbiz/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rabiēs.

Etymology: < classical Latin rabiēs savageness, morbid affection of dogs < rabere to rage, rave, be mad, of uncertain origin. Compare Old French †rabe (1288), French rage (see rage n.), Old Occitan rabia (mid 13th cent.), rauja (c1350), Catalan ràbia (late 13th cent.), Spanish rabia (c1230), Italian rabbia (14th cent.). Compare earlier rage n. 4c. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (rēⁱ·biˌīz) /ˈreɪbɪiːz/.

1. A viral disease, almost inevitably fatal if untreated, which affects the nervous system and typically causes agitated, aggressive behaviour, hydrophobia, and paralysis, and which is enzootic in various species of wild mammal (esp. carnivores) throughout much of the world and is transmissible to other animals by biting or other contact with saliva. In early use frequently with the.Rabies was originally recognized as a disease of dogs (canine madness) that could be transmitted to humans and other animals by biting. It occurs in two main forms, furious rabies, in which unprovoked aggressive behaviour is a prominent symptom, later progressing to muscle spasms, paralysis, coma, and death, and dumb rabies, in which the aggressive phase is absent. Hydrophobia, consisting of spasm of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles in response to attempted swallowing (or even the sight or sound of water), is a common symptom of furious rabies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > rabies

rabies1649

madness1688

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > rabies

ragec1425

hydrophobia1547

rabies1649

dog madness1678

lyssa1706

rabiosity1749

canine madness1750

aerophobia1754

hydrophoby-

1649 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes 76 Doth not the rabies or madnesse of Dogges [L. canum rabies] by this meanes transmigrate into men? the Maniacall phansy of the Fury beeing transplanted into the slaver or salivous froth of the dogges tongue, which soone conquers and triumphs over the blood of any Animal.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 333 The rabies, which is a madnesse, caused by some peculiar poyson.

1702 R. Mead Mech. Acct. Poisons 81 The Rabies or Madness in a Dog is the Effect of a violent Fever.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Madness Dr. James relates the cure be made of dogs that were mad, and how he preserved others from the rabies.

1783 J. Berkenhout Ess. Bite of Mad Dog 9 Authors have amused themselves with learned disquisitions concerning the cause of this rabies in dogs, wolves, foxes, &c.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 284 Whenever rabies appears it is inevitably fatal.

1884 Graphic 22 Nov. 531/2 The alleged epidemic of rabies in South London.

1942 National Geographic Mag. June 755/2 Only recently, however, it was found that some of the vampires carry the virus of paralytic rabies.

1967 Swain & Dodds Clinical Virol. xiii. 184 Eradication of rabies can be achieved only when the total elimination of the reservoir of animal infection is possible. It has been achieved in Great Britain by rigid quarantine laws which govern the importation of all livestock.

1987 R. Godden Time to Dance (1989) 13 There were constant outbreaks of rabies, brought by jackals.

2003 Independent 4 Feb. 9/1 There are fears of a sharp rise in rabies, because feral dogs are the main rabies carriers.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΚΠ

?1717 N. N. Lay-man's Antidote 46 He is highly incens'd at it, and has got the Rabies, to the greatest Rancour of Irreconciliation.

1818 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 831 Hence Hazlitt's rancour and rabies against Southey, Wordsworth, and myself!

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xx. 152 Finding Lord Vincent so disposed to the biting mood, I immediately directed his rabies towards Mr. Aberton.

1905 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 13 569 A sort of madness or rabies, a state of mind in which murder ceases to wear the aspect of a crime.

1991 D. Coupland Generation X ii. xxii.127 Paper Rabies: Hypersensitivity to littering.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, in rabies inoculation, rabies shot, rabies vaccine, etc.

ΚΠ

1887 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Jan. 82/2 A discussion on Pasteur's rabies-inoculations.

1912 Lancet 4 May 1239/1 (heading) The new rabies treatment.

1937 Times 8 July 4/4 Increases in the import duties on:—..Vaccines, sera, toxins, antitoxins, and antigens, but excluding rabies vaccine, tuberculin,..and Frei's antigen.

1976 Daily Tel. 20 July 3/3 A 32-year-old teacher, fined £300 at Uxbridge for contravening the rabies regulations had the penalty reduced on appeal to £100 yesterday.

1976 T. Heald Let Sleeping Dogs Die ii. 30 ‘But surely he got an injection?’ ‘Not even anti-tetanus. Let alone a rabies jab. It was only a little bite.’

1992 Ebony May 18/3 The first thing you should do if bitten by a dog with an unknown vaccination history is to contact its owner and demand official proof that the animal had its rabies shots.

2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts iv. 86 Pasteur's crowning achievement, the rabies vaccine he developed in 1885.

C2.

rabies virus n. the causative agent of rabies, now recognized to be a lyssavirus (family Rhabdoviridae).

ΚΠ

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Nov. 5/1 The mad dog with his rabies virus.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 654/1 He discovered that serial passage of rabies virus in a laboratory host led to a loss in pathogenicity for its natural host.

1994 Toronto Life Aug. 35/1 Lab workers cultivate virulent rabies virus in human embryonic cells, then kill the virus and inject it into the patient.

Derivatives

rabiˈetic adj. [after adjectives ending in -etic, probably with reinterpretation of classical Latin rabiēs (see main etymology) as a t-stem.] rare of, relating to, or affected with rabies; rabid.

ΚΠ

1879 W. L. Lindsay Mind in Lower Animals II. 33 Mad (rabietic) or otherwise insane dogs.

1931 H. S. Hatfield tr. J. M. Monmasson Invention & Unconscious 143 He [sc. Pasteur] removed the spinal marrow of rabietic rabbits.

1988 Representations 22 91 Descriptions of rabietic fits almost always included the patient's attempts to bite others or himself.

† rabific adj. [probably after French rabifique (1786)] Obsolete causing rabies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > rabies

hydrophobical1650

hydrophobial1662

hydrophobous1684

rabid1733

hydrophobic1807

rabific1838

rabic1841

hydrophobious1843

1838 Alton (Illinois) Tel. 29 Dec. The difficulty in treating hydrophobia may be the not being able to produce a general abiding impression; as it is reasonable to suppose that such impression would extinguish that of the rabific virus.

1879 Dolan Rabies or Hydrophobia (ed. 2) 213 The total extinction of the rabific contagion.

1895 Lancet 1 June 1385/2 The very trifling injury by which the rabific virus found admission to the circulation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rabies
释义	rabiesn. Brit. /ˈreɪbiːz/, /ˈreɪbɪz/, U.S. /ˈreɪbiz/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rabiēs. Etymology: < classical Latin rabiēs savageness, morbid affection of dogs < rabere to rage, rave, be mad, of uncertain origin. Compare Old French †rabe (1288), French rage (see rage n.), Old Occitan rabia (mid 13th cent.), rauja (c1350), Catalan ràbia (late 13th cent.), Spanish rabia (c1230), Italian rabbia (14th cent.). Compare earlier rage n. 4c. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (rēⁱ·biˌīz) /ˈreɪbɪiːz/. 1. A viral disease, almost inevitably fatal if untreated, which affects the nervous system and typically causes agitated, aggressive behaviour, hydrophobia, and paralysis, and which is enzootic in various species of wild mammal (esp. carnivores) throughout much of the world and is transmissible to other animals by biting or other contact with saliva. In early use frequently with the.Rabies was originally recognized as a disease of dogs (canine madness) that could be transmitted to humans and other animals by biting. It occurs in two main forms, furious rabies, in which unprovoked aggressive behaviour is a prominent symptom, later progressing to muscle spasms, paralysis, coma, and death, and dumb rabies, in which the aggressive phase is absent. Hydrophobia, consisting of spasm of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles in response to attempted swallowing (or even the sight or sound of water), is a common symptom of furious rabies. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > rabies rabies1649 madness1688 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > rabies ragec1425 hydrophobia1547 rabies1649 dog madness1678 lyssa1706 rabiosity1749 canine madness1750 aerophobia1754 hydrophoby- 1649 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes 76 Doth not the rabies or madnesse of Dogges [L. canum rabies] by this meanes transmigrate into men? the Maniacall phansy of the Fury beeing transplanted into the slaver or salivous froth of the dogges tongue, which soone conquers and triumphs over the blood of any Animal. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 333 The rabies, which is a madnesse, caused by some peculiar poyson. 1702 R. Mead Mech. Acct. Poisons 81 The Rabies or Madness in a Dog is the Effect of a violent Fever. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Madness Dr. James relates the cure be made of dogs that were mad, and how he preserved others from the rabies. 1783 J. Berkenhout Ess. Bite of Mad Dog 9 Authors have amused themselves with learned disquisitions concerning the cause of this rabies in dogs, wolves, foxes, &c. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 284 Whenever rabies appears it is inevitably fatal. 1884 Graphic 22 Nov. 531/2 The alleged epidemic of rabies in South London. 1942 National Geographic Mag. June 755/2 Only recently, however, it was found that some of the vampires carry the virus of paralytic rabies. 1967 Swain & Dodds Clinical Virol. xiii. 184 Eradication of rabies can be achieved only when the total elimination of the reservoir of animal infection is possible. It has been achieved in Great Britain by rigid quarantine laws which govern the importation of all livestock. 1987 R. Godden Time to Dance (1989) 13 There were constant outbreaks of rabies, brought by jackals. 2003 Independent 4 Feb. 9/1 There are fears of a sharp rise in rabies, because feral dogs are the main rabies carriers. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ ?1717 N. N. Lay-man's Antidote 46 He is highly incens'd at it, and has got the Rabies, to the greatest Rancour of Irreconciliation. 1818 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 831 Hence Hazlitt's rancour and rabies against Southey, Wordsworth, and myself! 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xx. 152 Finding Lord Vincent so disposed to the biting mood, I immediately directed his rabies towards Mr. Aberton. 1905 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 13 569 A sort of madness or rabies, a state of mind in which murder ceases to wear the aspect of a crime. 1991 D. Coupland Generation X ii. xxii.127 Paper Rabies: Hypersensitivity to littering. Compounds C1. General attributive, in rabies inoculation, rabies shot, rabies vaccine, etc. ΚΠ 1887 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Jan. 82/2 A discussion on Pasteur's rabies-inoculations. 1912 Lancet 4 May 1239/1 (heading) The new rabies treatment. 1937 Times 8 July 4/4 Increases in the import duties on:—..Vaccines, sera, toxins, antitoxins, and antigens, but excluding rabies vaccine, tuberculin,..and Frei's antigen. 1976 Daily Tel. 20 July 3/3 A 32-year-old teacher, fined £300 at Uxbridge for contravening the rabies regulations had the penalty reduced on appeal to £100 yesterday. 1976 T. Heald Let Sleeping Dogs Die ii. 30 ‘But surely he got an injection?’ ‘Not even anti-tetanus. Let alone a rabies jab. It was only a little bite.’ 1992 Ebony May 18/3 The first thing you should do if bitten by a dog with an unknown vaccination history is to contact its owner and demand official proof that the animal had its rabies shots. 2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts iv. 86 Pasteur's crowning achievement, the rabies vaccine he developed in 1885. C2. rabies virus n. the causative agent of rabies, now recognized to be a lyssavirus (family Rhabdoviridae). ΚΠ 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Nov. 5/1 The mad dog with his rabies virus. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 654/1 He discovered that serial passage of rabies virus in a laboratory host led to a loss in pathogenicity for its natural host. 1994 Toronto Life Aug. 35/1 Lab workers cultivate virulent rabies virus in human embryonic cells, then kill the virus and inject it into the patient. Derivatives rabiˈetic adj. [after adjectives ending in -etic, probably with reinterpretation of classical Latin rabiēs (see main etymology) as a t-stem.] rare of, relating to, or affected with rabies; rabid. ΚΠ 1879 W. L. Lindsay Mind in Lower Animals II. 33 Mad (rabietic) or otherwise insane dogs. 1931 H. S. Hatfield tr. J. M. Monmasson Invention & Unconscious 143 He [sc. Pasteur] removed the spinal marrow of rabietic rabbits. 1988 Representations 22 91 Descriptions of rabietic fits almost always included the patient's attempts to bite others or himself. † rabific adj. [probably after French rabifique (1786)] Obsolete causing rabies. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > rabies hydrophobical1650 hydrophobial1662 hydrophobous1684 rabid1733 hydrophobic1807 rabific1838 rabic1841 hydrophobious1843 1838 Alton (Illinois) Tel. 29 Dec. The difficulty in treating hydrophobia may be the not being able to produce a general abiding impression; as it is reasonable to suppose that such impression would extinguish that of the rabific virus. 1879 Dolan Rabies or Hydrophobia (ed. 2) 213 The total extinction of the rabific contagion. 1895 Lancet 1 June 1385/2 The very trifling injury by which the rabific virus found admission to the circulation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1649
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