| 释义 |
pyrethrumn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrethrum. Etymology: < classical Latin pyrethrum, pyrethron plant used in medicine and as an aphrodisiac, apparently Anacyclus pyrethrum (Pliny; in post-classical Latin also peretrum (from c1125 in British sources), piretrum (from c1150 in British sources)) < Hellenistic Greek πύρεθρον < ancient Greek πῦρ fire (see pyro- comb. form) + -θρον , instrumental suffix. Compare Old French, Middle French piretre (c1256; French pyrèthre , †pirette ), Catalan piretre (1492), Spanish piretro (1450), all in sense ‘pellitory’; compare also the Germanic forms cited at bertram n. Compare pelleter n.2, pellitory n.2In botanical use in post-classical Latin, at first used as a name for pellitory ( G. Bauhin Pinax theatri botanici (1596) 148, from which it was adopted by Linnaeus as a specific epithet in his genus Anthemis), but later established in scientific Latin for a different genus ( A. von Haller Enumeratio methodica stirpium helvetiæ (1742) II. 720; compare sense 2a). It is unclear whether in Old English the word is weak feminine (pyretre) or weak masculine (pyretra). The Old English form peretreo is after the Latin ablative singular peretro. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > pellitory of Spain the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots OE (2001) I. xxx. 18 Do ðu..gallengar & gingifre & rinde & lawerbergean & pyretran, godne dæl ælces be ðære mæðe. lOE Recipe (Vitell. C.iii) in T. O. Cockayne (1864) I. 376 Nim..peretreo, & romanisce rinda, & cymen. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 31 Ad eos, qui non habent appetitum ad cibum..nim peretrum wyð mede gemengded [read gemenged]..and sile hym drince. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 42 In colde materie..in þe bigynnyng be þer made a gargarisme with oximel; afterward ascende he to..piretrum [?c1425 Paris pelletre] & asa fetida. (Harl. 221) 395/2 Petyr, herbe (or peretre;..P. pertyr). 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo sig. &&.vv Pyrethron..prouoketh spettel merueilously, it groweth in ye mountaynes of Italye..that, yt commeth out of grecelande is hoote. 1562 W. Turner f. 107v Pyrethrum..hath a stalk & leues like vnto fenell. 1607 E. Topsell 350 To prouoke him to neese, by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder, vp into his nostrils. 1675 N. Grew i. §15 Tasts are either Still, as usually; or may be called Tremulous, as the Heat produced by Pyrethrum. 1751 J. Hill 605 Pyrethrum was well known to the Ancients, and has long been in Use among us... The Root is not violently burning to the Taste, when first taken into the Mouth while fresh, but after it has been held some time there, it proves..hot and acrid. 1799 tr. (ed. 6) II. xiii. 422 Take pyrethrum (wild or bastard pellitory) boil it in strong vinegar, so as to prevent the steam from having any vent. 1858 R. G. Mayne (1860) 1051/1 Pyrethrum, the pharmacopœial name for the root of the plant Anthemis pyrethrum, or..Anacyclus pyrethrum, or pellitory of Spain. 1956 (ed. 2) 995/1 Pyrethrum, pellitory; the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum: formerly used as a sialagogue and masticatory in headache, toothache, and neuralgic affections of the face. 2. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > chrysanthemums 1837 C. F. Partington III. 507/2 Pyrethrum (Smith), a numerous genus of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs and shrubs... The shrubby species are green-house plants, and desirable as flowering in the winter; the herbaceous sorts, commonly called feverfew, grow anywhere in the open ground. 1868 G. E. Stetson 106 Mr. Willemot..has recently published..an interesting paper, on the cultivation and use of the Pyrethrum..of which the celebrated Persian powder for the destruction of insects is prepared. 1882 13 May 322/3 There seems to be a growing taste for single-flowered Pyrethrums. 1907 9 Nov. 596/1 New sorts..which combine the virtues of the pyrethrum and daisy with the peculiar quality of the chrysanthemum. 1933 C. J. Hylander 492 Of the garden perennial varieties, sometimes known as Pyrethrums, there are the Feverfew of Europe..the Marguerite from the Canary Islands with white or lemon colored ray flowers, and the Giant Daisy from Hungary. 1964 G. B. Schaller iv. 72 Many Europeans have settled in the rift mountains. There they grow tea and white-flowered pyrethrum, used in making insect powder. 2006 (Nexis) 14 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 67 Pyrethrums are a classic example: the ones with red or pink daisies that flower in June and are excellent for cutting. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > insecticide or pesticide 1868 30 May 11/6 A well-known German traveller..describes the powder of the Pyrethrum roseum as a specific against all noxious insects.] 1876 G. B. Goode 45 Protection from insects: Nets for beds and for face... Smudges, (such as pyrethrum powder.). 1888 1 145 Pyrethrum powder was freely used. 1902 22 Feb. 191/1 A house where a case of fever had occurred would be fumigated with burning pyrethrum, contiguous dwellings being treated in the same manner. 1927 F. Balfour-Browne ii. 46 Cayenne pepper and even Pyrethrum Powder form a suitable pabulum for a few kinds. 1978 C. Jeffrey in V. H. Heywood 268/3 Tanacetum cinerariifolium is the main commercial source of natural pyrethrum, used as an insecticide. 2001 9 June a4/2 One of organic farming's most widely used pesticides—pyrethrum—has been classified as a ‘likely human carcinogen’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE |
